Zugl.. Bochum, Univ., Diss., 2009

Violence in sport happening during sporting fight as well as out of play, is becoming a serious social problem, most often sporting activity is criticised exactly through the excessive manifestation of aggression. There are rather controversial attitudes of scientists towards manifestation of men and women aggression presented. That prompted to do a research analysing possibility of manifestation of aggression among different sex handball players of various performance (n=119) and have established interrelation of various forms of aggression. Having analysed manifestation of aggression in the aspect of sex, it was found that women are eager to express hostile aggression more than men. Summarising manifestation of aggression in the aspect of performance, the form of instrumental aggression is more expressed in high peak performance women handball players, and a feature of jealousy and tendency to hostile aggression is more peculiar to low peak performance women. Upon establishing coherence of various aggression forms among high peak performance handball players, it was founded that with increasing possibility of manifestation of instrumental aggression, a possibility of verbal aggression was also increasing. Instrumental aggression of low peak performance handball players – both men and women - is more related to defensive aggression.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo de profissionalização de atletas praticantes de Handebol de um time do Rio Grande do Sul considerando, sobretudo, suas narrativas acerca do que entendem sobre ser profissional do Handebol. Sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica está ancorada na História Oral cuja forma de captação de informações está centrada na realização de entrevistas com pessoas significativas ao contexto analisado. Considerando que o lócus da investigação foi a equipe APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul, sediada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, foram realizadas entrevistas com todas as atletas da equipe além de seu preparador físico. Com o objetivo de ampliar o quadro empírico também foram entrevistados quatro pessoas cuja história de vida está relacionada ao Handebol regional e nacional. A análise dessas entrevistas foi realizada considerando os objetivos da pesquisa e o referencia teórico que a fundamenta de onde emergiram dois eixos temáticos: como se dá o processo de profissionalização das atletas envolvendo suas narrativas sobre essa profissionalização e o esporte espetáculo no qual discuto aspectos relacionados à patrocínios, a relação com a mídia, a visibilidade da modalidade e a presença de público nos espaços de competição. A partir das análises foi possível verificar apesar do Brasil obter conquistas significativas e do Rio Grande do Sul apresentar uma equipe consolidada e reconhecida, o Handebol praticado por mulheres vive de uma pseudoprofissionalização cuja estrutura oferta condições ainda precárias para que as atletas possam viver do esporte. / This paper has as a goal to analyze the professionalization process of the handball female athletes in a team from Rio Grande do Sul, considering specially its issues about what is being a handball professional in their opinion. Its methodology is based in the oral history, that were collected by interviews with people who are connected to the context analyzed. Considering that the center of the investigation were the APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul team, located in Caxias do Sul city, the interviews were realized with all the team athletes, and their coach. To enrich the research, four more people - who their life stories are connected with the local and national handball history – were also interviewed. The analysis of the results considered the target of this study and the theoretical reference, that brings to light two issues: how the process of athletes professionalization happens, involving its narratives about the professionalization and the sport’s show, where I discuss aspects related to sponsors, the relation with media, the handball visibility and the audience during the competitions. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that despite Brazil’s team had good results, and Rio Grande do Sul had a recognized team, the Handball practiced for women lives a pseudo-professionalization, with conditions that don’t permit the female athletes have the sport as a way of live.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo de profissionalização de atletas praticantes de Handebol de um time do Rio Grande do Sul considerando, sobretudo, suas narrativas acerca do que entendem sobre ser profissional do Handebol. Sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica está ancorada na História Oral cuja forma de captação de informações está centrada na realização de entrevistas com pessoas significativas ao contexto analisado. Considerando que o lócus da investigação foi a equipe APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul, sediada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, foram realizadas entrevistas com todas as atletas da equipe além de seu preparador físico. Com o objetivo de ampliar o quadro empírico também foram entrevistados quatro pessoas cuja história de vida está relacionada ao Handebol regional e nacional. A análise dessas entrevistas foi realizada considerando os objetivos da pesquisa e o referencia teórico que a fundamenta de onde emergiram dois eixos temáticos: como se dá o processo de profissionalização das atletas envolvendo suas narrativas sobre essa profissionalização e o esporte espetáculo no qual discuto aspectos relacionados à patrocínios, a relação com a mídia, a visibilidade da modalidade e a presença de público nos espaços de competição. A partir das análises foi possível verificar apesar do Brasil obter conquistas significativas e do Rio Grande do Sul apresentar uma equipe consolidada e reconhecida, o Handebol praticado por mulheres vive de uma pseudoprofissionalização cuja estrutura oferta condições ainda precárias para que as atletas possam viver do esporte. / This paper has as a goal to analyze the professionalization process of the handball female athletes in a team from Rio Grande do Sul, considering specially its issues about what is being a handball professional in their opinion. Its methodology is based in the oral history, that were collected by interviews with people who are connected to the context analyzed. Considering that the center of the investigation were the APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul team, located in Caxias do Sul city, the interviews were realized with all the team athletes, and their coach. To enrich the research, four more people - who their life stories are connected with the local and national handball history – were also interviewed. The analysis of the results considered the target of this study and the theoretical reference, that brings to light two issues: how the process of athletes professionalization happens, involving its narratives about the professionalization and the sport’s show, where I discuss aspects related to sponsors, the relation with media, the handball visibility and the audience during the competitions. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that despite Brazil’s team had good results, and Rio Grande do Sul had a recognized team, the Handball practiced for women lives a pseudo-professionalization, with conditions that don’t permit the female athletes have the sport as a way of live.

Network analysis is used in a number of different fields to study systems ranging from molecular interactions to social interactions between humans. With the increase of available data, it is not surprising that network analysis methods are now used to analyze human behavior and interactions in sports. Handball is a popular sport in Europe, and while it has been studied, it has not been studied with network methods. In this work, passing data was collected from two international competitions to study the passing behavior of the Norwegian women’s handball team. The data were divided into multiple scenarios to try to explore how the team’s and individual players' playing styles depended on whether the team was leading, trailing, or scoring goals. Star players were also compared with their replacements to see if there was any statistical evidence available as to why the star players may be unique. We found differences between the star players and their replacements, some differences between the team’s passing behavior when leading and trailing and when scoring goals, and that the team appears to have a specific prescribed playing style for each position.

Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o processo de profissionalização de atletas praticantes de Handebol de um time do Rio Grande do Sul considerando, sobretudo, suas narrativas acerca do que entendem sobre ser profissional do Handebol. Sua fundamentação teórico-metodológica está ancorada na História Oral cuja forma de captação de informações está centrada na realização de entrevistas com pessoas significativas ao contexto analisado. Considerando que o lócus da investigação foi a equipe APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul, sediada na cidade de Caxias do Sul, foram realizadas entrevistas com todas as atletas da equipe além de seu preparador físico. Com o objetivo de ampliar o quadro empírico também foram entrevistados quatro pessoas cuja história de vida está relacionada ao Handebol regional e nacional. A análise dessas entrevistas foi realizada considerando os objetivos da pesquisa e o referencia teórico que a fundamenta de onde emergiram dois eixos temáticos: como se dá o processo de profissionalização das atletas envolvendo suas narrativas sobre essa profissionalização e o esporte espetáculo no qual discuto aspectos relacionados à patrocínios, a relação com a mídia, a visibilidade da modalidade e a presença de público nos espaços de competição. A partir das análises foi possível verificar apesar do Brasil obter conquistas significativas e do Rio Grande do Sul apresentar uma equipe consolidada e reconhecida, o Handebol praticado por mulheres vive de uma pseudoprofissionalização cuja estrutura oferta condições ainda precárias para que as atletas possam viver do esporte. / This paper has as a goal to analyze the professionalization process of the handball female athletes in a team from Rio Grande do Sul, considering specially its issues about what is being a handball professional in their opinion. Its methodology is based in the oral history, that were collected by interviews with people who are connected to the context analyzed. Considering that the center of the investigation were the APAHAND/UCS/Prefeitura de Caxias do Sul team, located in Caxias do Sul city, the interviews were realized with all the team athletes, and their coach. To enrich the research, four more people - who their life stories are connected with the local and national handball history – were also interviewed. The analysis of the results considered the target of this study and the theoretical reference, that brings to light two issues: how the process of athletes professionalization happens, involving its narratives about the professionalization and the sport’s show, where I discuss aspects related to sponsors, the relation with media, the handball visibility and the audience during the competitions. With the analysis, it was possible to identify that despite Brazil’s team had good results, and Rio Grande do Sul had a recognized team, the Handball practiced for women lives a pseudo-professionalization, with conditions that don’t permit the female athletes have the sport as a way of live.

O handebol é um jogo esportivo coletivo (JEC) cuja lógica interna regula as interações entre jogadores e equipes. Com o goleiro de handebol isto não é diferente, pois em seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento (EAT) é preciso considerar a influência das capacidades motoras, psicológicas e técnico-táticas em função das exigências que são determinadas ao posto específico. Sendo o treinador, o responsável pelo planejamento e condução do processo de EAT, sua opinião é fundamental para que seja possível compreender quais as características que podem influenciar na ação do goleiro de handebol. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar as diretrizes para o processo de EAT do goleiro de handebol. Para identificar o panorama da literatura sobre o goleiro de handebol, foi feita uma revisão sistemática sobre o ensino e análise de jogo desse posto específico. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os treinadores da categoria sub-16 que atuavam em duas ligas regionais do Estado de São Paulo. Para a tabulação e análise das entrevistas foi utilizado o método Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os achados da revisão sistemática apontaram que os estudos com goleiros de handebol são recentes e, por essa razão, foram identificadas algumas lacunas na literatura, como os estudos com goleiros jovens e os estudos com treinadores, que são características da presente pesquisa. Após a análise dos discursos dos treinadores, foi possível identificar que, para a categoria sub-16, o processo de EAT do goleiro de handebol deve ser pautado no desenvolvimento de um repertório motor amplo que facilite o aprendizado das técnicas específicas exigidas pelo jogo. Essas características irão pautar suas ações na fase defensiva para conseguir defender os diferentes tipos de arremesso, a partir da capacidade de leitura dos sinais relevantes que podem influenciar as ações que o goleiro pode fazer em jogo. Essa leitura deverá ser capaz de identificar sinais como o braço de arremesso, o gestual técnico e as trajetórias do adversário. Na fase ofensiva, o goleiro deve ser estimulado a compreender o modelo de jogo de sua equipe para que possa dar orientações técnico-táticas aos jogadores de quadra, como os espaços para atacar em vantagem numérica e possíveis feedbacks relacionados ao comportamento do goleiro adversário. Nesta fase, o goleiro também deve procurar repor a bola em jogo rapidamente após fazer uma defesa ou recuperar a posse de bola próximo a sua área. Esse comportamento pode favorecer o ataque da sua equipe, ao obter vantagens como acelerar o ataque e dificultar o retorno defensivo do adversário / Handball is a team sport whose internal logic regulates the interactions between players and teams. With the handball goalkeeper this is not different, because in its teaching-learning-training process (TLT) it is necessary to consider the influence of the motor, psychological and technical-tactical abilities these are recquired for the specific position. As the coach is responsible for planning and conducting the TLT process, his opinion is fundamental so that it is possible to understand what characteristics may influence the handball goalkeeper action\'s. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to identify the guidelines for the TLT process of the handball goalkeeper. In order to identify the literature overview about the handball goalkeeper, a systematic review researched about the teaching process and game analysis of this specific position. For the development of this research, a qualitative approach was used, through semi-structured interviews with U-16 coaches who played in two regional leagues in the state of São Paulo in 2016. For the tabulation and analysis of the interviews, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method was used. The findings of the systematic review pointed out that studies with handball goalkeepers are recent and, for this reason, some lack in the literature have been identified, such as studies with young goalkeepers and studies with coaches, which are characteristics of the present research. After analyzing the coaches\' speeches, it was possible to identify, for the sub-16 category, that the handball goalkeeper TLT process should be based on the development of a broad motor repertoire that facilitates the learning of the specific techniques recquired by the game. These characteristics will guide his actions in the defensive phase to be able to defend the different types of throw, from the ability to identify the relevant signals that can influence the goalkeeper actions inside the game. This ability should be able to identify signals such as the throwing arm, the technical gesture and the oponente trajectories before the throwing. In the offensive phase, the goalkeeper must be encouraged to understand his team\'s game model so that he can give technical-tactical guidance to court players, such as spaces to attack in numerical advantage and possible feedbacks related to the behavior of the opponent\'s goalkeeper. At this phase, the goalkeeper should also seek to reset the ball in play quickly after making a defense or regaining possession of the ball near his area. This behavior can favor your team\'s attack by gaining advantages such as accelerating the attack and hampering the opponent\'s defensive return

O handebol é um jogo esportivo coletivo (JEC) cuja lógica interna regula as interações entre jogadores e equipes. Com o goleiro de handebol isto não é diferente, pois em seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento (EAT) é preciso considerar a influência das capacidades motoras, psicológicas e técnico-táticas em função das exigências que são determinadas ao posto específico. Sendo o treinador, o responsável pelo planejamento e condução do processo de EAT, sua opinião é fundamental para que seja possível compreender quais as características que podem influenciar na ação do goleiro de handebol. Assim, o objetivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar as diretrizes para o processo de EAT do goleiro de handebol. Para identificar o panorama da literatura sobre o goleiro de handebol, foi feita uma revisão sistemática sobre o ensino e análise de jogo desse posto específico. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, por meio da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os treinadores da categoria sub-16 que atuavam em duas ligas regionais do Estado de São Paulo. Para a tabulação e análise das entrevistas foi utilizado o método Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Os achados da revisão sistemática apontaram que os estudos com goleiros de handebol são recentes e, por essa razão, foram identificadas algumas lacunas na literatura, como os estudos com goleiros jovens e os estudos com treinadores, que são características da presente pesquisa. Após a análise dos discursos dos treinadores, foi possível identificar que, para a categoria sub-16, o processo de EAT do goleiro de handebol deve ser pautado no desenvolvimento de um repertório motor amplo que facilite o aprendizado das técnicas específicas exigidas pelo jogo. Essas características irão pautar suas ações na fase defensiva para conseguir defender os diferentes tipos de arremesso, a partir da capacidade de leitura dos sinais relevantes que podem influenciar as ações que o goleiro pode fazer em jogo. Essa leitura deverá ser capaz de identificar sinais como o braço de arremesso, o gestual técnico e as trajetórias do adversário. Na fase ofensiva, o goleiro deve ser estimulado a compreender o modelo de jogo de sua equipe para que possa dar orientações técnico-táticas aos jogadores de quadra, como os espaços para atacar em vantagem numérica e possíveis feedbacks relacionados ao comportamento do goleiro adversário. Nesta fase, o goleiro também deve procurar repor a bola em jogo rapidamente após fazer uma defesa ou recuperar a posse de bola próximo a sua área. Esse comportamento pode favorecer o ataque da sua equipe, ao obter vantagens como acelerar o ataque e dificultar o retorno defensivo do adversário / Handball is a team sport whose internal logic regulates the interactions between players and teams. With the handball goalkeeper this is not different, because in its teaching-learning-training process (TLT) it is necessary to consider the influence of the motor, psychological and technical-tactical abilities these are recquired for the specific position. As the coach is responsible for planning and conducting the TLT process, his opinion is fundamental so that it is possible to understand what characteristics may influence the handball goalkeeper action\'s. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to identify the guidelines for the TLT process of the handball goalkeeper. In order to identify the literature overview about the handball goalkeeper, a systematic review researched about the teaching process and game analysis of this specific position. For the development of this research, a qualitative approach was used, through semi-structured interviews with U-16 coaches who played in two regional leagues in the state of São Paulo in 2016. For the tabulation and analysis of the interviews, the Collective Subject Discourse (CSD) method was used. The findings of the systematic review pointed out that studies with handball goalkeepers are recent and, for this reason, some lack in the literature have been identified, such as studies with young goalkeepers and studies with coaches, which are characteristics of the present research. After analyzing the coaches\' speeches, it was possible to identify, for the sub-16 category, that the handball goalkeeper TLT process should be based on the development of a broad motor repertoire that facilitates the learning of the specific techniques recquired by the game. These characteristics will guide his actions in the defensive phase to be able to defend the different types of throw, from the ability to identify the relevant signals that can influence the goalkeeper actions inside the game. This ability should be able to identify signals such as the throwing arm, the technical gesture and the oponente trajectories before the throwing. In the offensive phase, the goalkeeper must be encouraged to understand his team\'s game model so that he can give technical-tactical guidance to court players, such as spaces to attack in numerical advantage and possible feedbacks related to the behavior of the opponent\'s goalkeeper. At this phase, the goalkeeper should also seek to reset the ball in play quickly after making a defense or regaining possession of the ball near his area. This behavior can favor your team\'s attack by gaining advantages such as accelerating the attack and hampering the opponent\'s defensive return

Contrairement aux autres sports collectifs introduits en France dans la seconde moitié du XIXème siècle, le handball prend son essor en France durant l’entre-deux-guerres. Passant d’une pratique d’entraînement hivernal des athlètes, à une pratique professionnelle au début du XXIe siècle, notre objet de recherche cherche à expliquer les processus d’intégration et de diffusion de cette pratique en France, tant sur le plan géopolitique que technico-tactique. À partir d’une diversité de sources, (archives institutionnelles, témoignages de 25 acteurs, coupures de presse et périodiques handballistiques), trois perspectives sont envisagées (institutionnelle, sociale et culturelle), identifiant quatre étapes dans la construction du handball français. Après une première phase d’importation, grâce à deux vecteurs de diffusion principaux, le sport ouvrier et le sport scolaire, se situant à des échelles et des vitesses différentes, la FFHB est créée par le régime de Vichy, associé à quelques professeurs d’EP conquis par cette nouvelle activité de football à la main qui se pratique alors à 7 ou 11 joueurs. Puis, lorsque le handball à 7 devient majoritaire, sa représentation culturelle se transforme, passant d’une somme de techniques individuelles à maîtriser à la nécessité de prendre en considération les adversaires et les partenaires. Cette révolution est largement soutenue par la DTN dans les années 1960 et 1970, en lien avec les considérations scientifiques présentes en France et à l’étranger, pendant que Nelson Paillou conçoit la massification des licenciés et la structuration du système fédéral selon une logique amateur. La chute du bloc de l’Est et le choix des dirigeants et entraîneurs fédéraux, de privilégier le haut niveau contribuent aux premiers succès français tout en ouvrant l’ère de la marchandisation et de la spectacularisation à partir des années 1990. Néanmoins, à l’aube du XXIe siècle, le handball finit par s’abstraire des modèles étrangers et rejoint le développement des autres sports collectifs en professionnalisant ses structures et ses acteurs. / Unlike the other team sports brought to France in the second half of the 19th century, handball thrived in France between the First and the Second World Wars. It has moved since then from a winter training practice to become a professional activity at the beginning of the 21st century. The objective of our research is to explain the integration and propagation processes of this sport, with geopolitical as well as technical and tactical considerations. A variety of sources have been investigated – institutional archives, testimonies of 25 stakeholders, press articles, periodicals about handball – with regards to three axis – institutional, social and cultural – ; four stages have been identified in the development of handball in France. The first phase is the importation of handball through two dissemination vectors that have different scales and paces: the sport of the working class and school sport. The Vichy government creates the FFHB, which is associated to a few Physical Education teachers that are captivated by this new activity – football played with hands in teams of 7 or 11 players. Then, when the handball is mainly played in teams of 7, its cultural representation changes: it goes from a superposition of individual technics to the need of taking into consideration teammates and opponents. This revolution is supported by the national technical direction in the 1960’s and 1970’s and is linked to the scientific thoughts in France and abroad ; meanwhile, Nelson Paillou makes handball available to the masses and structures the federal system with the objective to promote non professional handball. With the collapse of the communist bloc, federal managers and trainers choose to favour high-level sport and contribute to the first French successes. From the 1990’s, they also start developing the commercial aspect and the spectacle aspect of the sport. However, at the dawn of the 21st century, handball finally moves away from international models and follows the development of the other team sports with a more professional structure and stakeholders.

Både ospecifik akut- och kronisk ländryggssmärta (LBP) är stora problem världen över, både för den generella populationen och elitidrottare. Elitidrottare ställs för höga fysiska påfrestningar som kan påverka LBP. I studien undersöks prevalens av LBP hos elithandbollsspelare samt eventuella samband mellan enskilda variabler såsom exempelvis träningsmängd och spelpositioner och LBP hos elithandbollsspelare. Utöver detta undersöks även spelarnas bedömning av huruvida LBP påverkar deltagandet i idrotten. En webbaserad enkät skickades ut till elitklubbar i Handbollsligan, SHE och Allsvenskan. I studien deltog 91 individer, 46 män och 45 kvinnor. Frågorna i enkäten behandlade prevalens av LBP samt variabler som kan ha ett samband med LBP. Totalt hade 77% besvärats av LBP och 40% av dessa lider av kronisk LBP. En högre medianålder var signifikant associerat med LBP (p=0,044). Inga signifikanta skillnader syntes i fördelningstester mellan prevalent LBP och spelstil (kvinnor p=0,6 män p=0,4 totalt p=0,8), LBP och anfallsposition (kvinnor p=0,8 män p=0,3 totalt p=0,5), LBP och försvarsposition (kvinnor p=0,2 män p=0,8 totalt p=0,7). Logistisk regression påvisade inget signifikant samband mellan träningsmängd och LBP (p=0,1, odds-ratio 0,574, CI 0,296 – 1,11). Justering för ålder påverkade inte oddsen för LBP nämnvärt (p=0,1, odds-ratio 0,581, CI 0,294 – 1,14). Det syntes en stor diskrepans i huruvida spelarna missade träning och matcher jämfört med hur LBP påverkade deltagandet överlag. Inga signifikanta samband mellan spelstil, spelposition eller träningsmängd och LBP påvisades i studien. Det visas dock att LBP är vanligt förekommande inom svensk elithandboll men att deltagarantalet var för litet för att dra säkra slutsatser kring detta. / Both unspecific acute and chronic low-back pain (LBP) are global problems in the general public aswell as elite athletes. Elite-athletes are exposed to high physical demands which could affect LBP. This study investigated the prevalence of LBP in elite-handballers, associations between LBP and several variables such as handball-sessions/week and playing-position. Secondly, the study investigated if LBP impedes on players participation within sport. A web-based survey was sent to elite-clubs in Sweden’s highest divisions; Handbollsligan, SHE, Allsvenskan. A total of 91 players participated, 46 men and 45 women. The survey-questions investigated the prevalence of LBP and variables which could be associated with LBP. A total of 77% stated issues with LBP, 40% of these suffers from chronic LBP. A higher median age were associated with LBP (p=044). No statistical significance was found in Chi-2 tests between prevalent LBP and style of play (women p=0,6 men p=0,6 total p=0,8), LBP and offensive-position (women p=0,8 Men p=0,3 total p=0,5), LBP and defensive-position (women p=0,2 men p=0,8 total p=0,7). No significant association was found between handball-sessions/week and LBP (p=0,1, odds-ratio 0,574, CI 0,296 – 1,11). Adjustment for age did not affect the outcome mentionably (p=0,1, odds-ratio 0,581, CI 0,294 – 1,14). Many players experienced that LBP affected their participation overall but few missed matches and training because of LBP. No significant association between style of play, playing-position or handball-sessions and LBP was found. LBP is common in swedish elite-handballers, but the number of participants were too low to state this for certain.