This thesis engages in an initial exploration of the spatial experiences of older youth in the suburbs of the West Island of Montreal. Adopting a Lefebvrian spatial lens, the goal of this thesis is to outline the characteristics of the lived experiences of older middle class youth in a constructed suburban environment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted in a largely Anglophone college with students aged 18 to 19 years of age. I begin my thesis by reviewing the literature on urban youth geographies, aimed at analyzing the influence of the built urban environment. I argue that the suburban experiences of older youth varies from those of children, inner city youth, and marginalized youth who are most represented in the literature. Then, I present the important considerations of doing research with youth participants and the ways in which my conceived methods were altered during my fieldwork, leading to adjustments in sampling, and subsequent impacts on the conclusions of this thesis. I continue by presenting the themes that emerged during the interviews, which I illustrate by sharing the reflections and everyday experiences of participants. From these accounts, I draw links between the similarities and differences among participants, the literature, and Lefebvre's theories. In this analysis, I reflect upon the differences between available youth literatures and the young people from my sample, leading me to further explore broader literatures that enable me to contextualize more characteristics of my sample and concepts related to the lack of illegitimate spaces in the suburbs, the significance of private space in the suburban environment, play, resistance, and the use of alternative spaces, in a way that differs from the accounts from marginalized urban youth literatures. I argue that the young people from my sample feel less marginalized, therefore engaging in less obvious forms of resistance, while still finding ways to shape their identities and play while being limited by some of the conditions of the built suburban environment.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(農学) / 甲第23938号 / 農博第2487号 / 新制||農||1089(附属図書館) / 学位論文||R4||N5373(農学部図書室) / 京都大学大学院農学研究科森林科学専攻 / (主査)教授 五十田 博, 教授 藤井 義久, 教授 梅村 研二 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

This thesis explores the crowds that attended London's executions, pillories and public whippings during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It aims to reappraise a literature describing the carnivalesque and voyeuristic nature of popular behaviour, and to trace a continuum in the public's active engagement with the criminal justice system between 1783 and 1868. By employing a range of little used sources to examine the biographical, geographical and social texture of punishment audiences, it details the lives and motivations of the men, women and children who assembled to watch these often brutal events. In the process, this thesis significantly revises our received understanding of the troublesome punishment 'mob', the unruliness and low character of which has been frequently assumed on the basis of uncritical reading of contemporary sources inveighing against plebeian behaviour. It reveals a more stable picture of public participation, and argues that this experience was characterized by the remarkable social diversity and relative good order of the crowd. This study in consequence problematizes teleological narratives of social 'improvement' and a putative 'civilizing process', which have traditionally described the fall of public punishments as a product of changing urban sensitivities. In analysing the crowd's structure and responses to public punishments over time, the thesis demonstrates how popular expectations surrounding older forms of public justice remained essentially unchanged, and continued to speak forcefully to the metropolitan conscience. To explain the undoubted changes in punishment policy in the period, in the absence of a clear teleological narrative of attitudes towards public punishment, the thesis in turn argues that the decline of the pillory, whippings and public executions in London was driven by elite fears regarding mass behaviour, particularly in the wake of the Gordon Riots of 1780, and suggests that public punishments disappeared not because of their dwindling moral relevance or failing penal utility, but as a result of the middle class's increasingly nervous perceptions of urban mass phenomena. The thesis argues that the decline of public punishment did not result from 'squeamishness' about judicial murder and corporal punishment, but from anxiety about the authority and power of the crowd.

This thesis presents extended program notes for a sixty–minute vocal graduate recital consisting of the following repertoire for soprano: the arias “Soffri, o cor” and “Dimmi qual prova mai” from Alessandro Scarlatti’s cantata Dal Bel Volto d’Irene; a role study of Zerlina from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s opera Don Giovanni, including her arias “Batti, batti, o bel Masetto” and “Vedrai, carino;” Francis Poulenc’s song cycle Cocardes; selections from Arnold Schoenberg’s song cycle Das Buch der Hängenden Gärten; “Der Hirt auf dem Felsen” by Franz Schubert, a chamber work written for soprano, piano, and clarinet; and selections from American composer Ricky Ian Gordon’s song cycle Orpheus and Euridice, composed as a companion piece to the Schubert “Der Hirt auf dem Felsen.” These works span three centuries and cover four languages and multiple genres and musical styles. The content of this thesis contains detailed information on these works through historical study, musical analysis, and research in performance practice.

The aim of the paper is showing, how projection methods can be used for computing contact problems in elasticity for different classes of obstacles. Starting with the projection idea for handling hanging nodes in finite element discretizations the extension of the method for handling penetrated nodes in contact problems will be described for some obstacle classes.

Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol metabolism and are important biological surfactants. The curved shape of their chains allows the cyclization of molecules, and the formation of a supramolecular structure. The goal of this thesis was to study the electrochemical and adsorption behavior of selected bile acids: lithocholic, deoxycholic and cholic acids. The measurements were carried out in the medium Brittonův-Robinson buffer:methanol in the ratio 9:1 using cyclic voltammetry and AC voltammetry methods and measuring the dependence of the differential capacitance Cd on the applied potential E. A hanging mercury drop electrode was used as a working electrode. The measurements showed that bile acids are adsorbed on the surface of the electrode and organizing themselves in self assembled monolayers (SAM). In our case we have observed formation of 2D condensed layers as specific form of SAM. Transfer techniques were used to demonstrate bile acid adsorption. A study of the behavior of lithocholic acid as a function of different pH values showed that only at pH 10.0 to 12.0 2D 2D condensation occurs, i. e. that at pH values in the range of 2.0 to 9.0 it is another type of adsorption. On AC voltammograms, there are a maximum of two areas in which peaks occur: the first is around -0.2 V and the...

Measuring the thrust of cold gas micro-thrusters, due to the small magnitude of the generated force, is a challenging task, and to obtain satisfying quality of results usually careful adjustments of the setup has to be performed. The work presented in this paper aims at improving the quality of such measurements at the GomSpace Sweden company. The work consists of two parts: In the first part the author focuses on improving current thrust measurements setup implemented in the company, which consists of a vacuum compatible laboratory scale. It was observed that the results obtained from this setup were approximately 25‒35% lower than expected. A test campaign performed within the work found that this was associated mainly with backflow of plume expansion gases. Covering the scale and the tested propulsion unit with a box having openings only for thrusters was proved to be sufficient setup upgrade to mitigate the issue. In the second part of the project an alternative setup utilising a hanging pendulum-based solution with strain measurement-based force sensor is proposed and its design is thoroughly described. Results of initial tests of a 3D printed prototype of this setup are presented, proving its potential to produce results with better quality of output than the laboratory scale. / Att mäta dragkraften från mikrodysor baserade på kallgas är på grund av den låga genererade kraften en utmanande uppgift. För att få tillfredsställande kvalitet på resultatet måste vanligtvis noggranna justeringar av inställningarna utföras. Arbetet som presenteras i denna rapport syftar till att förbättra kvaliteten på sådana mätningar vid GomSpace Sweden AB. Arbetet består av två delar: I den första delen fokuserar författaren på att förbättra den nuvarande uppställningen för mätning av dragkraft vid GomSpace, bestående av en vakuumkompatibel laboratorievåg. Det observerades att resultaten från denna mätupställning var cirka 25‒35% lägre än förväntat. En testkampanj som utfördes inom ramen för detta arbete visade att detta främst var förknippat med ett tillbakaflöde av gaser från den expanderande bränsleplymen. Att täcka över vågen och den testade framdrivningsenheten med en låda med öppningar endast för dysan visade sig vara tillräckligt för att minska problemet. I den andra delen föreslås ett alternativt upplägg baserat på en hängande pendel med en töjningsmätningsbaserad kraftsensor, dess utformming beskrivs utförligt. Resultaten av de första testerna av en 3D-utskriven prototyp av denna uppställning presenteras, vilket visar på dess potential att producera mätningar med bättre kvalitet än laboratorievågen.

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L’objectif de la présente étude est d’étudier les différences entre les homicides par strangulation et les suicides par pendaison ainsi que l’importance du rôle que jouent les lésions dans la détermination du mode de décès dans les cas apparents de pendaison, et ce dans l’optique d’établir un outil permettant de renseigner le coroner ou médecin légiste sur le mode de décès probable dans les cas apparents de pendaison. Deux cent quatorze cas de suicide par pendaison ont été révisés rétrospectivement et comparés à 51 cas d’homicide par strangulation. La fréquence d’ecchymoses (6,1 %), d’abrasions (4,7 %) et de lacérations (0,5 %) était significativement plus faible chez les victimes de suicide par pendaison que chez les victimes d’homicides par strangulation (58,8 %, 51,0 % et 5,9 % respectivement). Les ecchymoses, chez les victimes de suicide par pendaison, se trouvent habituellement sur les membres supérieurs antérieurs et postérieurs ou sur les membres inférieurs antérieurs. Elles se situent généralement soit sur les membres supérieurs, soit sur les membres inférieurs, et non aux deux endroits à la fois. Les abrasions sont davantage susceptibles de se trouver sur la face postérieure des membres supérieurs et sur la face antérieure des membres inférieurs. Cette concentration préférentielle n’est pas observée chez les victimes d’homicide par strangulation. De possibles critères de suspicion et des modèles de prédiction du mode de décès sont évalués. / The objective of the present study is to study the differences between the suicidal hangings and the homicidal nonhanging strangulations as well as the lesion’s role in the manner of death determination in apparent hanging cases, in order to create a decision tool that will inform the coroner or medical examiner on the probable manner of death in apparent hanging cases. Two hundred and fourteen cases of suicidal hanging were retrospectively reviewed and compared to 51 homicidal nonhanging strangulation victims. Bruises, abrasions and lacerations incidence were significantly lower in hanging victims (6.1 %, 4.7 % and 0.5 % respectively) compared to homicidal strangulation victims (58.8 %, 51.0% and 5.9 % respectively). Limb bruises were found as much on the anterior part of upper limbs as on posterior part, whereas limb abrasions were located mostly on the posterior aspect of upper limbs. Bruises and abrasions were also found exclusively on the anterior aspect of the lower limbs. Bruises are generally observed either exclusively on upper limbs, either exclusively on lower limbs, but rarely on both in a single case. In homicidal nonhanging strangulation cases, this preferential lesions concentration was not observed. Possible criteria for limb lesions distribution are discussed and prediction models of the manner of death are evaluated.

The electrochemic's behaviour of the bile acids (cholic, glycocholic, deoxycholic, ursodeoxycholic and lithocholic acid) was studied on the meniscus-modified silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) by differential pulse voltammery. Bile acids provide in the solution of the Britton - Robinson buffer and methanol (9:1) in the pH range 3.0 to 12.0 a cathodal signal in the high negative potentials: cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid about −1400 mV and glycocholic acid, which alone is the conjugate with glycine, about −1500 mV. Cholic acid, glycocholic acid, deoxycholic acid and ursodeoxycholic acid provide the highest peaks to pH 5.0, approximately in their pKa values. Lithocholic acid provides peaks from pH 7.0. It was demonstrated by the cyclic voltammetry that the electrochemical behavior is influenced by the adsorption of the bile acids to the electrode; presumed reaction at the working electrode - a reduction of a proton of a carboxylic group, is controlled by the diffusion and the process is quasireversible. Utilization of the electrochemical reduction of bile acids for the voltammetric determination does not seem very suitable. It has been proven that the presence of the methanol deteriorates the measuring results for glycocholic acid. In the presence of...