Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o Ensino de Física partindo de aplicações da Física em produtos tecnológicos, e está formatado à luz da pedagogia construtivista de Piaget, Vygotsky e Ausubel. Pretende-se despertar a curiosidade e o interesse dos professores e, como conseqüência, dos alunos, pelos temas da Física, desmistificando equipamentos utilizados no cotidiano. Um dos objetivos do trabalho é contribuir para o preenchimento de lacunas existentes no Ensino de Física no Ensino Médio através da formação continuada de professores. O desenvolvimento do trabalho consistiu na realização de oficinas para professores e estudantes do Ensino Médio focalizadas no estudo de Fenômenos Ondulatórios, Eletromagnetismo e Tópicos de Física Moderna que explicam o funcionamento do forno de microondas e do disco rígido de computador. As oficinas foram oferecidas para professores de Física em seis localidades diferentes do Estado, e para alunos da terceira série do Ensino Médio do Instituto Estadual de Educação Cardeal Pacelli de Três de Maio, e consistiram de uma série de atividades, como a desmontagem de um forno de microondas e do disco rígido de computador, atividades interativas e experimentais. A realização destas atividades está de acordo com a proposta de Piaget, segundo a qual, as ações humanas são a base do comportamento. As atividades são desenvolvidas em pequenos grupos, seguidas por momentos de discussão no grande grupo, pois, conforme Vygotsky, o desenvolvimento cognitivo tem como origem a conversão de relações sociais em funções mentais. Através do conjunto de atividades, seja através das ações ou interações humanas, os conhecimentos prévios dos indivíduos são constantemente confrontados com novos conhecimentos, criando condições para uma aprendizagem significativa, conforme Ausubel. O trabalho foi submetido à avaliação com a aplicação de um pré-teste, antes do início das atividades propostas, e de um pós-teste, aplicado após o encerramento das atividades. Os resultados das avaliações mostraram que novos conceitos foram aprendidos pelos participantes, indicando que a proposta, baseada no ensino de Física a partir de aplicações tecnológicas, é eficiente e indicada para promover a melhoria da qualidade do Ensino de Física. / This work consists in a project for Physics Education starting from the application of Physics in technological products, and it is based on the theory of constructivism from Piaget, Vygotsky and Ausubel. The aim is to instigate the curiosity and the interest of teachers and, as a consequence, of students, by Physics subjects, through experiments based on how domestic equipments work. One of the purposes of this project is to help improving the formation of High School Physics teachers. The project consisted of workshops for teachers and High School students, focused on Wave Phenomena, Electromagnetism and Modern Physics, to explain how the microwave oven and a computer hard disk work. The workshops were held at six towns in the Northeast region of the State and for senior High School students of the Instituto Estadual de Educação Cardeal Pacelli in Três de Maio. They consisted of different kinds of activities like disassembling a microwave oven and a computer hard drive, and interactive and experimental activities. The development of these activities is in agreement with the Piaget´s theory that the actions are the basis of the human behavior. The activities were performed in small groups, followed by discussion breaks with the whole group, since, according to Vygotsky, the cognitive development was created by the conversion of social relations to mental functions. Through the set of activities, involving actions and human interactions, the previews knowledge of the individuals are constantly confronted with new knowledge, making conditions for a meaningful learning, according to Ausubel. The evaluation of the project was based on tests for the participants, before and after the workshops. The results showed that the participants improved their knowledge about Physics concepts, indicating that the project, based on Physics education starting from the technological applications, is efficient and indicated to promote the improvement of the quality of Physics classes at High School.

Este trabalho apresenta uma proposta para o Ensino de Física partindo de aplicações da Física em produtos tecnológicos, e está formatado à luz da pedagogia construtivista de Piaget, Vygotsky e Ausubel. Pretende-se despertar a curiosidade e o interesse dos professores e, como conseqüência, dos alunos, pelos temas da Física, desmistificando equipamentos utilizados no cotidiano. Um dos objetivos do trabalho é contribuir para o preenchimento de lacunas existentes no Ensino de Física no Ensino Médio através da formação continuada de professores. O desenvolvimento do trabalho consistiu na realização de oficinas para professores e estudantes do Ensino Médio focalizadas no estudo de Fenômenos Ondulatórios, Eletromagnetismo e Tópicos de Física Moderna que explicam o funcionamento do forno de microondas e do disco rígido de computador. As oficinas foram oferecidas para professores de Física em seis localidades diferentes do Estado, e para alunos da terceira série do Ensino Médio do Instituto Estadual de Educação Cardeal Pacelli de Três de Maio, e consistiram de uma série de atividades, como a desmontagem de um forno de microondas e do disco rígido de computador, atividades interativas e experimentais. A realização destas atividades está de acordo com a proposta de Piaget, segundo a qual, as ações humanas são a base do comportamento. As atividades são desenvolvidas em pequenos grupos, seguidas por momentos de discussão no grande grupo, pois, conforme Vygotsky, o desenvolvimento cognitivo tem como origem a conversão de relações sociais em funções mentais. Através do conjunto de atividades, seja através das ações ou interações humanas, os conhecimentos prévios dos indivíduos são constantemente confrontados com novos conhecimentos, criando condições para uma aprendizagem significativa, conforme Ausubel. O trabalho foi submetido à avaliação com a aplicação de um pré-teste, antes do início das atividades propostas, e de um pós-teste, aplicado após o encerramento das atividades. Os resultados das avaliações mostraram que novos conceitos foram aprendidos pelos participantes, indicando que a proposta, baseada no ensino de Física a partir de aplicações tecnológicas, é eficiente e indicada para promover a melhoria da qualidade do Ensino de Física. / This work consists in a project for Physics Education starting from the application of Physics in technological products, and it is based on the theory of constructivism from Piaget, Vygotsky and Ausubel. The aim is to instigate the curiosity and the interest of teachers and, as a consequence, of students, by Physics subjects, through experiments based on how domestic equipments work. One of the purposes of this project is to help improving the formation of High School Physics teachers. The project consisted of workshops for teachers and High School students, focused on Wave Phenomena, Electromagnetism and Modern Physics, to explain how the microwave oven and a computer hard disk work. The workshops were held at six towns in the Northeast region of the State and for senior High School students of the Instituto Estadual de Educação Cardeal Pacelli in Três de Maio. They consisted of different kinds of activities like disassembling a microwave oven and a computer hard drive, and interactive and experimental activities. The development of these activities is in agreement with the Piaget´s theory that the actions are the basis of the human behavior. The activities were performed in small groups, followed by discussion breaks with the whole group, since, according to Vygotsky, the cognitive development was created by the conversion of social relations to mental functions. Through the set of activities, involving actions and human interactions, the previews knowledge of the individuals are constantly confronted with new knowledge, making conditions for a meaningful learning, according to Ausubel. The evaluation of the project was based on tests for the participants, before and after the workshops. The results showed that the participants improved their knowledge about Physics concepts, indicating that the project, based on Physics education starting from the technological applications, is efficient and indicated to promote the improvement of the quality of Physics classes at High School.

No description available.

A sanitização de dados é um dos desafios que está em aberto quando tange a segurança de dados nos discos rígidos. Há duas formas de realizar este procedimento de sanitização de dados nos discos rígidos. A primeira é a utilização de técnicas físicas que visam à destruição do disco rígido por completo. A segunda é a utilização de técnicas lógicas que visam realizar a sanitização dos dados armazenados no disco, permitindo que este seja reutilizado. A proposta principal deste trabalho é a de verificar por meio da técnica de Microscopia de Força Magnética (MFM) a possibilidade de recuperação dos dados originais após o processo de sanitização ter ocorrido por meio de uma técnica lógica. Com este objetivo foram selecionadas oito técnicas lógicas (Gutmann, VSITR, RCMP TSSIP OPS-II, CSEC ITSG-06, DoD 5220.22-M, AR 280-19, GOST R 50739-95 e ISM 6.9.92), após esta seleção foi realizada uma avaliação lógica dessas técnicas com o intuito de selecionar duas técnicas para a avaliação experimental. Para realizar a avaliação experimental foram utilizados dois microscópios (Dimension Icon e o MultiMode 8) para aplicar a técnica de MFM em disco rígido. O objetivo foi comprovar a eficiência das técnicas lógicas na sanitização de dados armazenados nos discos rígidos. / Data sanitization is one of the challenges you face when it comes to data security on hard disk. There are two ways to perform this data sanitization procedure on hard disks. The first one is the deployment of physical techniques aimed at destroying the hard drive altogether. The second one is the use of logical techniques that aim to sanitize the data stored on the disk, allowing it to be used again. The main purpose of this work is to verify through the Magnetic Force Microscopy technique (MFM) the possibility of recovering of the original data after the sanitization process has occurred through of a logical technique. To this purpose, eight logics (Gutmann, VSITR, RCMP TSSIP OPS-II, CSEC ITSG-06, DoD 5220.22-M, AR 280-19, GOST R 50739-95 and ISM 6.9.92) were selected. After this selection, a logical evaluation of these techniques was carried out for selecting two techniques for the experimental evaluation. To perform the experimental evaluation, two microscopes (Dimension Icon and MultiMode 8) were used to apply the MFM technique to the hard disk. The objective was to verify the efficiency of the logical techniques in the sanitization of data stored in the hard disks.

A sanitização de dados é um dos desafios que está em aberto quando tange a segurança de dados nos discos rígidos. Há duas formas de realizar este procedimento de sanitização de dados nos discos rígidos. A primeira é a utilização de técnicas físicas que visam à destruição do disco rígido por completo. A segunda é a utilização de técnicas lógicas que visam realizar a sanitização dos dados armazenados no disco, permitindo que este seja reutilizado. A proposta principal deste trabalho é a de verificar por meio da técnica de Microscopia de Força Magnética (MFM) a possibilidade de recuperação dos dados originais após o processo de sanitização ter ocorrido por meio de uma técnica lógica. Com este objetivo foram selecionadas oito técnicas lógicas (Gutmann, VSITR, RCMP TSSIP OPS-II, CSEC ITSG-06, DoD 5220.22-M, AR 280-19, GOST R 50739-95 e ISM 6.9.92), após esta seleção foi realizada uma avaliação lógica dessas técnicas com o intuito de selecionar duas técnicas para a avaliação experimental. Para realizar a avaliação experimental foram utilizados dois microscópios (Dimension Icon e o MultiMode 8) para aplicar a técnica de MFM em disco rígido. O objetivo foi comprovar a eficiência das técnicas lógicas na sanitização de dados armazenados nos discos rígidos. / Data sanitization is one of the challenges you face when it comes to data security on hard disk. There are two ways to perform this data sanitization procedure on hard disks. The first one is the deployment of physical techniques aimed at destroying the hard drive altogether. The second one is the use of logical techniques that aim to sanitize the data stored on the disk, allowing it to be used again. The main purpose of this work is to verify through the Magnetic Force Microscopy technique (MFM) the possibility of recovering of the original data after the sanitization process has occurred through of a logical technique. To this purpose, eight logics (Gutmann, VSITR, RCMP TSSIP OPS-II, CSEC ITSG-06, DoD 5220.22-M, AR 280-19, GOST R 50739-95 and ISM 6.9.92) were selected. After this selection, a logical evaluation of these techniques was carried out for selecting two techniques for the experimental evaluation. To perform the experimental evaluation, two microscopes (Dimension Icon and MultiMode 8) were used to apply the MFM technique to the hard disk. The objective was to verify the efficiency of the logical techniques in the sanitization of data stored in the hard disks.

La capacité des systèmes de stockage de données ne cesse de croître pour atteindre actuellement l’échelle de l’exaoctet, ce qui a un réel impact sur la robustesse des systèmes de stockage. En effet, plus le nombre de disques contenus dans un système est grand, plus il est probable d’y avoir une défaillance. De même, le temps de la reconstruction d’un disque est proportionnel à sa capacité. La simulation permet le test de nouveaux mécanismes dans des conditions quasi réelles et de prédire leur comportements. Open and Generic data Storage system Simulation tool (OGSSim), l’outil que nous proposons, supporte l’hétérogénéité et la taille importante des systèmes actuels. Sa décomposition modulaire permet d’entreprendre chaque technologie de stockage, schéma de placement ou modèle de calcul comme des briques pouvant être combinées entre elles pour paramétrer au mieux la simulation. La robustesse étant un paramètre critique dans ces systèmes, nous utilisons le declustered RAID pour assurer la distribution de la reconstruction des données d’un disque en cas de défaillance. Nous proposons l’algorithme Symmetric Difference of Source Sets (SD2S) qui utilise le décalage des blocs de données pour la création du schéma de placement. Le pas du décalage est issu du calcul de la proximité des ensembles de provenance logique des blocs d’un disque physique. Pour évaluer l’efficacité de SD2S, nous l’avons comparé à la méthode Crush, exemptée des réplicas. Il en résulte que la création du schéma de placement, aussi bien en mode normal qu’en mode défaillant, est plus rapide avec SD2S, et que le coût en espace mémoire est également réduit (nul en mode normal). En cas de double défaillance, SD2S assure la sauvegarde d’une partie, voire de la totalité, des données / Capacity of data storage systems does not cease to increase to currently reach the exabyte scale. This observation gets a real impact on storage system robustness. In fact, the more the number of disks in a system is, the greater the probability of a failure happening is. Also, the time used for a disk reconstruction is proportional to its size. Simulation is an appropriate technique to test new mechanisms in almost real conditions and predict their behavior. We propose a new software we callOpen and Generic data Storage system Simulation tool (OGSSim). It handles the heterogeneity andthe large size of these modern systems. Its modularity permits the undertaking of each storage technology, placement scheme or computation model as bricks which can be added and combined to optimally configure the simulation.Robustness is a critical issue for these systems. We use the declustered RAID to distribute the data reconstruction in case of a failure. We propose the Symmetric Difference of Source Sets (SD2S) algorithmwhich uses data block shifhting to achieve the placement scheme. The shifting offset comes from the computation of the distance between logical source sets of physical disk blocks. To evaluate the SD2S efficiency, we compared it to Crush method without replicas. It results in a faster placement scheme creation in normal and failure modes with SD2S and in a significant reduced memory space cost (null without failure). Furthermore, SD2S ensures the partial, if not total, reconstruction of data in case of multiple failures.

<p>Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd bedöms ha tillräckligt pålitliga skyddsprinciper, vilket motiveras av dess oberoende från både hårdvara och operativsystem. </p><p>Vidare undersöks hårdvaruskrivskyddet Image MASSter(TM) Drive Lock från Intelligent Computer Solutions (ICS). Några egentliga slutsatser gick inte dra av kretskonstruktionen, bortsett från att den är uppbyggd kring en FPGA (Xilinx Spartan-II, XC2S15) med tillhörande PROM (XC17S15APC). </p><p>En egenutvecklad idé till autenticieringsmetod för hårddiskkloner föreslås som ett tillägg till arbetet. Principen bygger på att komplettera hårddiskklonen med unik information om hårddisk såväl kloningsomständigheter, vilka sammanflätas genom XOR-operation av komponenternas hashsummor.Autenticieringsmetoden kan vid sjösättning möjligen öka rättsäkerheten för både utredarna och den som står misstänkt vid en brottsutredning. </p><p>Arbetet är till stora delar utfört vid och på uppdrag av Statens kriminaltekniska laboratorium (SKL) i Linköping.</p>

Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd Detta examensarbete reder ut arbetsprinciperna för olika typer av hårddiskskrivskydd; hårdvaruskrivskydd, mjukvaruskrivskydd, hybridskrivskydd och bygelskrivskydd. Slutsatsen av utredningen är att endast hårdvaruskrivskydd bedöms ha tillräckligt pålitliga skyddsprinciper, vilket motiveras av dess oberoende från både hårdvara och operativsystem. Vidare undersöks hårdvaruskrivskyddet Image MASSter(TM) Drive Lock från Intelligent Computer Solutions (ICS). Några egentliga slutsatser gick inte dra av kretskonstruktionen, bortsett från att den är uppbyggd kring en FPGA (Xilinx Spartan-II, XC2S15) med tillhörande PROM (XC17S15APC). En egenutvecklad idé till autenticieringsmetod för hårddiskkloner föreslås som ett tillägg till arbetet. Principen bygger på att komplettera hårddiskklonen med unik information om hårddisk såväl kloningsomständigheter, vilka sammanflätas genom XOR-operation av komponenternas hashsummor.Autenticieringsmetoden kan vid sjösättning möjligen öka rättsäkerheten för både utredarna och den som står misstänkt vid en brottsutredning. Arbetet är till stora delar utfört vid och på uppdrag av Statens kriminaltekniska laboratorium (SKL) i Linköping.

Operational transconductance amplifier and capacitor (OTA-C) filters have outstood among different types of filter due to high frequency and low power capabilities in the main stream digital CMOS technology. They have been widely used in computer hard disk drive (HDD) and wireless communication transceivers. OTA-C filters based on cascade and passive ladder simulation are well-known. However, multiple loop feedback (MLF) OTA-C filters which have certain advantages still have the scope for further research. So far there have been no explicit formulas for current-mode leapfrog (LF) filter design and performance evaluation of current-mode MLF OTA-C filters are still lacking. From application viewpoints, read channels for computer hard disk drives require very high frequency continuous-time filters. This automatically disqualifies active- RC/MOSFET-C filters and OTA-C filters become the only solution. In wireless communications, active-RC/MOSFET-C filters have been proved useful for mobile systems whose baseband frequency falls below a few MHz. However, for wireless LANs with the frequency of several tens of MHz, OTA-C filters are a strong candidate. Whilst in HDD read channels, cascaded OTA-C architectures have been most utilized and in wireless receivers, OTA-C structures based on ladder simulation have been popular, MLF OTA-C filters have not been practically used in either of the applications. This thesis describes some novel designs and applications of multiple loop feedback OTA-C filters with extensive CMOS simulations. Analogue filters for computer hard disk drive systems are first reviewed; the state of the art and design considerations are provided. Three VHF linear phase lowpass OTA-C filters are then designed, which include a seventh-order and a fifth-order current-mode filter based on the follow-the-leader-feedback (FLF) structure and a seventh-order voltage-mode filter using the inverse FLF (IFLF) configuration. These filters all have very low power consumption. The synthesis and design of general current-mode LF OTA-C filters are conducted next. Iterative design formulas for both all-pole and finite-zero functions are derived and explicit formulas for up to sixth-orders are given. These formulas are very easy to use for designing any type of characteristics. Subsequently, linear phase lowpass OTA-C filter design for HDD read channels using LF structures are investigated in details. A current-mode filter and a voltage-mode filter using the fifth-order LF structure are presented. The two filters can operate up to 800MHz and have very small passband phase ripple. Analogue filters for wireless communication baseband applications are also reviewed thoroughly in this thesis, where the design of a fourth-order current-mode FLF Butterworth lowpass OTA-C filter for multi-standard receivers is presented. Then two fifth-order current-mode elliptic lowpass OTA-C filters based on respective LF and FLF structures for wireless communication baseband are designed. Fifth-order voltage-mode IFLF and LF elliptic lowpass filters are also presented. All these MLF baseband filters designed can operate up to 40MHz to cover all important wireless and mobile standards. Simulations show that the LF structures have better dynamic range and stopband attenuation performances than the FLF and IFLF configurations.

近年來大型消費性電子公司均致力發展商品外型的設計美感，試圖以具有視覺美感的商品吸引消費者的目光，以獲得更高的利潤。但本研究認為廠商在追逐商品設計美感時，也應探討消費者差異對於其美感反應的影響；以及不同商品以美感外型包裝時，對消費者的效果差異。對此，本研究以Bloch, Brunel & Arnold（2003）提出的消費者商品美感中心性（CVPA）、商品與自我一致性等概念，探討消費者對美感的心理差異，如何影響其對於商品設計美感的反應。同時並探討商品外顯性的差異，對於消費者的美感反應是否具有調節效果。 透過消費者美感中心性、商品設計美感、以及商品外顯性的2*2*2三因子實驗設計，本研究以3C商品為實驗商品，並以線上實驗的方式進行。研究結果如下： 1. 消費者重視美感的程度與商品設計美感間的一致性，會影響其對於商品設計的愉悅反應。 2. 商品呈現順序會調節不同CVPA消費者對於商品設計的愉悅、品牌興趣、自我與品牌連結、認知價值等反應。 3. 重視美感程度差異的消費者，並不會因為商品外顯性的調節而影響其美感反應。 4. 商品外顯性與商品設計美感之間具有交互效果：對於高外顯商品而言，高美感設計可有效提高消費者的認知價值，但低外顯商品若以高美感設計呈現，亦可使消費者因超乎預期的感受而倍感愉悅。 5. 消費者對於美感在認知層面的自我與品牌連結反應，會顯著受到CVPA「敏銳」面向的影響；在情感層面的美感評估、態度、愉悅等反應，則會顯著受到「價值」面向的影響；在行為層面的品牌興趣、購買意圖，則會顯著受到「反應」層面的影響。 / The role of aesthetical quality of a product has been placed much importance these years in the manufacturing industry, especially in consumer electronic industry. While developing products with aesthetical quality, it is also important to understand how consumers responded to products with high and low levels of aesthetic quality. The present study explored the moderating role of consumers’ psychological differences on their aesthetic responses, and also examined how differently they responded to products that differed on aesthetic quality and conspicuousness. This study adopted the concept of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics developed by Bloch, Brunel & Arnold (2003) and drew upon the concept of self-product image consistency to explore how consumers’ aesthetic orientation influence their responses to products with high and low aesthetic design. Moreover, the influence of product differences has also been considered. The proposed hypotheses were tested by a three-factor on-line experiment. The results are as follows: 1. The consistency of consumers’ CVPA and products’ design aesthetics influenced consumers’ pleasant feelings. 2. The order of how the stimuli were presented moderated the consistency effect mentioned above, especially on responses such as: pleasure, brand interest, self-brand connection, and perceived value toward the product. 3. For consumers with different levels of CVPA, the products’ conspicuousness did not moderate their aesthetic responses toward the product with high and low aesthetic designs. 4. There was an interaction between “product conspicuousness” and “product design aesthetics” on consumers’ “perceived value” and “pleasant feelings” toward product designs. 5. Consumers’ aesthetic responses were influenced by different dimensions of CVPA: “Acumen” accounted for significant variance in “self-brand connection,” “Value” explained significant variance in their attitudinal responses toward the product, and “Response” significantly predicted the variance in their behavioral responses. The implications and suggestions for future studies and practitioners were also discussed.