Le comportement alimentaire représente un enjeu majeur pour la santé publique du fait de son impact sur les pathologies chroniques et plus spécifiquement l’obésité. Les préférences temporelles sont des facteurs psychologiques liées aux capacités d’autorégulation et pourraient être associées aux comportements alimentaires et à l’obésité. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était d’étudier la relation entre les préférences temporelles, le comportement alimentaire et l’obésité en population générale. Les préférences temporelles ont été évaluées à partir de questionnaires mesurant l’impulsivité et la considération des conséquences futures. Ce travail a été réalisé au sein de la cohorte NutriNet-Santé basée sur internet. L’impulsivité était associée à une moins bonne qualité de l’alimentation, à un grignotage plus fréquent et aux troubles des conduites alimentaires. Une considération pour les conséquences futures plus importante était associée à une plus forte motivation envers les facteurs santé et environnement lors des choix alimentaires, à une meilleure qualité de l’alimentation et à une part plus importante d’aliments issus de l’agriculture biologique dans le régime alimentaire. L’impulsivité et une faible considération pour les conséquences futures étaient associées positivement à l’obésité et modéraient de façon quantitative la relation positive entre alimentation émotionnelle et obésité. Ces résultats suggèrent une influence des préférences temporelles sur les comportements alimentaires et l’obésité, et apportent de nouveaux arguments en faveur de la prise en compte des déterminants psychologiques dans les stratégies de prévention de santé publique. / Eating behavior represents a major stake regarding public health because of its impact on noncommunicable diseases and more specifically obesity. Time preferences are psychological factors linked with self-regulation behaviors and could be associated with eating behavior and obesity. The main objective of this thesis was to study the relationship between time preferences, eating behavior, and obesity in a general population. Time preferences were assessed with questionnaires measuring impulsivity and consideration of future consequences. This work was conducted as part of the NutriNet-Santé study, which is a large web-based cohort. Impulsivity was associated with a lower diet quality, a higher snacking frequency, and eating disorders. A high level of consideration of future consequences was associated with greater concern for health and environment when choosing food, with a better diet quality and a higher contribution of organic foods in the diet. Impulsivity and a low consideration of future consequences were positively associated with obesity and quantitatively moderated the relationship between emotional eating and obesity. These results suggest that time preferences influence eating behavior and obesity, and bring new arguments in favor of the consideration of psychological determinants in public health prevention strategies

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The diploma thesis is focused on the marketing strategy of QMI's Health prevention center. The aim of the study is to make a situation analysis, through its own research to assess consumer attitudes to health and health care, evaluate opportunities and threats arising from the marketing environment and to define on the basis of the results achieved for the development strategy of health prevention centers. The theoretical part deals with theoretical background of strategic marketing, its specifics in the health care, marketing environmental analysis, market and consumer decision-making motives. It describes the legislative framework and the importance of health prevention in public health care. The practical part presents the concept and mission of the QMI's Health prevention center. It deals with the survey of consumer attitudes, application of theoretical knowledge in situation analysis and attempts to explain the current strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats arising from the marketing environment. The main contribution of the thesis is a detailed situation analysis, application of knowledge gained from research and defining the marketing strategy for the development of Health prevention center.

Bakgrund: Med en växande äldre befolkning följer nya krav för   att förbättra hälsa, självständighet och aktivitet. Aktiviteter som bevarar   fungerande förmågor skapar känsla av välbefinnande, positiv självbild samt   ökar livskvaliteten för äldre. Det ingår i sjuksköterskans profession att   identifiera samt aktivt arbeta för att förebygga hälsorisker. Syfte:  Att belysa aktiviteters betydelse ur den äldres och sjuksköterskans   perspektiv. Metod: Studien är en litteraturöversikt baserad på 14 vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultat: För att främja aktivitet hos äldre behöver de mer kunskap om   aktiviteters hälsofördelar, kunskap om lämpliga aktiviteter samt hur ofta och   hur mycket aktivitet som bör utföras. För att kunna ge optimalt stöd till den   äldre i hälsoförebyggande syfte behöver sjuksköterskan mer tid och kunskap. Diskussion: Hälsoförebyggande insatser bör komma redan på det stadium då den äldre   är relativt frisk och har förmåga till egenvård. Sjuksköterskan bör ta de   specifika hinder som äldre upplever i beaktande vid hälsofrämjande arbete.   Sjuksköterskan kan med fördel använda sig av Orems omvårdnadsteori för att ta   den äldres resurser i beaktande och därmed utöva en god personcentrerad vård   med den unika individen i fokus. / Background: With a growing elderly population there will be new requirements to improve health, independence and activity. Activities that preserve functioning abilities create a sense of well-being, positive self-image and increase quality of life for the older person. It is part of the nursing profession to identify and actively work to prevent health risks. Aim: To highlight the significance of activities from the elderly and nurses perspectives. Methods: The study is a literature review based on 14 scientific articles. Results: In order to promote activity among elderly, they need more knowledge of activity health benefits, knowledge of appropriate activities as well as how often and how much   activity that should be performed. In order to give optimum support to the elderly in health prevention the nurse needs more time and knowledge. Discussions: Health preventive efforts should come already at the stage when the elderly are relatively healthy and have the ability to self-care. Nurses should take into account, the specific obstacles that elderly experience in health promotion. The nurse can   advantageously use Orems theory of nursing to take the elderly persons resources into account and thus exert a good person-centered care with the unique individual in focus.

The authoress of the diploma thesis aims to determine if it is possible for the public to learn serious information by means of media, i.e. information related to the prevention of health problems, and to monitor the state of medialisation of these problems by setting partial targets. The objective of the diploma thesis is to discover if media address such topics which should be medialised, in the view of statistically most frequent causes of death and the perspective of prevention and protection of the public health. The nature of significant health problems and the prevention of what topics should appear in daily newspapers have been determined in accordance with epidemiologic data and frequency of diseases which have been the most common causes of death in the Czech Republic in the long term, and which are summarized, inter alia, in mortality tables of the Czech Statistical Office. Another partial objective is to establish what types of themes appear most frequently, to determine the differences between the online and printed forms of media, and to discover who the authors engaging in these problems are. Two dailies were selected for our research - MfDnes (with its regional supplement Jižní Čechy) and the regional Českobudějovický deník in the printed form, including their supplements, including some of their thematic web pages. The research has also examined three independent magazines.The present diploma thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a research part. The theoretical part summarizes - based on the study of available literature and secondary data analysis - basic information regarding the problems of health and illness, prevention, media, the most common causes of death in the Czech Republic, briefly characterizing individual diseases and risk factors of their origin, as being familiar with such facts is essential for their prevention.The research part approaches the collection and evaluation of data in a combined manner. First, data were collected and studied by analysing documents. Afterwards, data were evaluated by means of qualitative statistics, whereas the methods of so-called descriptive statistics were utilized. The quantitative content analysis - which is usually used for the research into mass media - was used for analysing articles. The acquired data were tested statistically by bivariate analysis method. Copies of dailies and their magazines from 2010 were found in the Research Library of South Bohemia. News servers and thematic web pages were browsed by means of media archive.Individual objectives of the diploma thesis have been met. The reached conclusion stipulates that on the one hand, media do address the prevention of significant health problems; on the other hand, they fail to interconnect it with concrete diseases to an adequate extent. The medialisation of topics related to neoplasms is insufficient. Moreover, the thesis has discovered that the most common themes that media engage in are related to the problems of nutrition/overweight and slimming, both in the online and printed forms of all media analysed. It has been determined that the representation of article topics differ for individual media analysed. The most frequent authors of such articles are women. In most cases, there are most often two or three authors who participate in the medialisation of prevention of health problems. In the authoress?s view, the present diploma thesis may provide feedback to authors who examine issues of the prevention of health problems. In addition, with its illustrative overview of the most common causes of death in the Czech Republic, the thesis might highlight the necessity of medialisation of prevention of some themes; and, contrariwise, it could pinpoint less important, but frequently medialised themes, which take up too much space in both printed and online media.

The objective of my diploma thesis is to identify the seniors´concern about their own health in relation to their lifestyle and approach to prevention. On the basis of information given from the informants, we may claim senior population is aware of the importance of healthy lifestyle. However, they are not always capable of following each recommendation. Main problems contain especially the lack of physical activities as well as regular drinking. On the contrary, positive results were learnt in a preventive medical control research.

Bakgrund: Bruk av narkotika bland ungdomar har ökat i Sverige de senaste tio åren. Cannabisbruk som är den vanligaste drogen bland ungdomar har visat sig att i tidig ålder kan ge upphov till psykisk störning och sjukdom. Skolsköterskans förebyggande arbete är en del i arbetet för att skapa en drogfri skola. Syfte: Att beskriva skolsköterskors upplevelse av narkotikaförebyggande arbetet inomskolan. Metod: Denna uppsats är en kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats och bygger på intervjuer med sex skolsköterskor som analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: I resultatet framkom fyra huvudkategorier och tio underkategorier. Kategorierna beskriver att skolsköterskorna identifierar elever som brukar narkotika, skapar relation medelever, stärka elevernas skyddsfaktorer och arbetar systematiskt och i samverkan. Tema som framkom var strategier som synliggör och möjliggör arbetet mot narkotika. Slutsats: Skolsköterskan arbetar utifrån det salutogena perspektivet och använder metodersom motiverande samtal med elever i förebyggande arbete mot narkotika. Studien visar att skolsköterskan ser eleven ur ett helhetsperspektiv som en del i ett större sammanhang. Samarbete och en god relation med övriga professioner samt vårdnadshavare är av stor vikt för ett framgångsrikt förebyggande arbete mot narkotika samt ett bättre skolresultat. / Background: The use of narcotics, mainly cannabis, has increased among youngsters in Sweden during the last 10 years. The use of cannabis can lead to mental issues and even disease. The school nurse plays a pivotal role in the work against drugs abuse. Purpose: To highlight the School Nurses' experience of working against abuse amon ghigh school students. Method: This study is a qualitative study with an inductive approach through interviews with six school nurses, the interviews were analyzed according to qualitative content analyses. Result: The result was four main categories and ten subcategories. The categories show that the School Nurses identify students who use drugs, create relations with them, strengthen their outer protection and work systematically and in cooperation with other caretakers. Themes that emerged were strategies that highlight and enable the work against drugs. Conclusion: The School Nurses work with a salutogenic perspective and use appropriate methods as motivational conversations with students in preventive work against drugs. The study shows that the School Nurse sees the student from a holistic perspective as part of alarger context. Collaboration and good relationships with other professions and custodians are of great importance for successful prevention of drugs and better school result.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus är en kronisk sjukdom som allt fler personer världen över drabbas av. Studier har visat ett nära samband mellan livsstil och diabetes typ 2. Genom att ha en bra egenvårdsbehandling minskar personen med diabetes risken för senkomplikationer. Här har diabetessköterskan ett viktigt ansvar att arbeta både hälsofrämjande och sjukdomsförebyggande genom vägledning i egenvård. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva diabetessköterskans erfarenheter av att vägleda personer med diabetes i egenvård. Metod: Mellan januari och mars 2016 genomfördes 16 stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med diabetessköterskor inom primärvården. Intervjuerna transkriberades och analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys baserad på Elo och Kyngäs. Kategorier och underkategorier skapades sedan. Resultat: Innehållsanalysen har resulterat i tre kategorier; Grunden för engagemang, Kunskapsöverföring och Organisatoriska faktorer. Under respektive kategori finns 2-4 underkategorier. I resultatet kunde fyra huvudfynd ses vilka var; Diabetessköterskans möjlighet att skapa delaktighet, kunskapen hos både diabetessköterskan och personen med diabetes, grupputbildningarnas hälsofrämjande inverkan och teamets inverkan på vägledningen. Slutsats: Resultatet belyser vikten av att vägledningen bygger på kunskap och leder till ett ökat engagemang hos personen med diabetes. En väl fungerande kommunikation är avgörande för att nå de gemensamma målen samt att det finns ett fungerande team runt personen med diabetes som tillsammans arbetar mot samma mål. / Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which affects more and more people around the world. Studies have shown a close relationship between lifestyle and diabetes type 2 and the importance of having a good self-care treatment to reduce the risk of complications. The diabetes nurse has an important responsibility to work with both health promotion and disease prevention through guidance in self-care. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe the diabetes nurse’s experiences of guiding people with diabetes in self-care. Method: 16 semi-structured interviews was performed during January – March 2016 with diabetes nurses who worked in primary care. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Result: The content analysis resulted in three categories; the ground for commitment, Knowledge transfer and Organizational conditions. The four main results in the study was: The diabetes nurse’s possibilities to create participation, knowledge that both the diabetes nurse and the person possessed,  group educations health promoting impacts and the team’s impact on guidance. Conclusion: The result highlights that guidance in self-care should be built on knowledge and lead to a higher level of engagement. A well-functioning communication is crucial to achieve common goals and that the team around the person with diabetes is working together towards the same goal.

<p> </p><p>Titel: <em>Maskulin hegemoni och feminin omvårdnad</em></p><p>     En studie om distriktsköterskors syn på mäns hälsa och strategier vid hälsosamtal med män</p><p> </p><p>Arbetets art: Självständigt arbete i genusstudier</p><p> </p><p>Program/Kurs/kursbeteckning: Magisterutbildning med inriktning mot genusstudier</p><p> </p><p>Arbetets omfattning:15 högskolepoäng</p><p> </p><p>Sidantal: 37</p><p> </p><p>Författare: Lena Söderblom</p><p> </p><p>Handledare: Henrik Eriksson</p><p> </p><p>Examinator: Pia Lindberg</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p> </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>SAMMANFATTNING</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Hälsoparadoxen visar mäns kortare medellivslängd samt död i många åtgärdbara sjukdomar. Lågutbildade och män dör oftare i åtgärdbar sjuklighet än både högutbildade och kvinnor.  Högutbildade har lättare hitta vägar till vård och får också ett bättre bemötande. Inom primärvården bedrivs olika hälsopreventiva aktiviteter, bl.a erbjuds 40 åringar ett hälsosamtal, vilket utförs av distriktsköterskor. Syftet med denna studie var att ur ett genusperspektiv med utgångspunkt från manlig hegemoni enligt R. Conell, samt Y. Hirdmans teoribildning kring särskiljande och maktposition, beskriva distriktsköterskors syn på mäns hälsa och de strategier som används vid hälsosamtal med män. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie, och analyserades med ett narrativt och deskriptivt angreppssätt. Resultaten visar att distriktsköterskor har kännedom om faktorer som påverkar mäns hälsa, men upplever inte själva att de använder sig av speciella strategier för män. Studien visar också att den form av hälsoprevention som erbjuds, till stor del utnyttjas av de män som redan är privilegierade i samhället, den hegemoniska maskuliniteten. Hälsopreventivt arbete behöver granskas självkritiskt för att nya strategier ska kunna utvecklas och för att nå dem som behöver insatser. Distriktsköterskors engagemang för hälsoprevention, som framkom i denna studie, tyder på förutsättningar för nya angreppssätt och strategier för hälsoprevention.</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Nyckelord:</strong></p><p>genusperspektiv, hegemoni, hälsa, hälsoparadoxen, hälsoprevention, maskulinitet <strong></strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p> / <p>Titel: <em>Masculine hegemony and Feminine caring</em></p><p>A study about district nurses view of men’s health, and strategies connected to health talks with men.</p><p> </p><p>Arbetets art: Independent Project in Gender Studies</p><p>Program/Kurs/kursbeteckning: Master in Gender Studies</p><p> </p><p>Arbetets omfattning:15 högskolepoäng</p><p> </p><p>Sidantal: 37</p><p> </p><p>Författare: Lena Söderblom</p><p> </p><p>Handledare: Henrik Eriksson</p><p> </p><p>Examinator: Pia Lindberg</p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>The health paradox shows men’s shorter average length of life and also their death in many curable illnesses. Lowly educated and men more often die in curable illness than highly educated and women. For highly educated it’s also easier to find ways to hospital treatment and they also often get a better treatment. Within public health there are different health preventional activities, among other things 40 years old people are offered a structured health talk, which is carried out by district nurses. The aim of this study was from a gender perspective with a staring point of masculine hegemony according to R. Conell, and Y. Hirdman’s theory about separation and power positions, to describe the district nurses’ view of men’s health and the strategies that are used during health talks with men. The study was accomplished as a qualitative study of interviews, and was analyzed in a narrative and descriptive way. The result shows that district nurses have knowledge about factors that influence men’s health, but they do not themselves experience that they use special strategies for men. The study also shows that the form of health prevention that is offered, to a large extent, is used by men who already are privileges in the society. Labour of health prevention needs to be critically scrutinized so that new strategies will develop and reach those who really need help. The devotion of district nurses for health prevention, which was shown in this study, indicates conditions of new ideas and strategies for health prevention.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> gender perspective, health, health prevention, hegemony, health paradox, masculinity</p><p>                   </p>

Titel: Maskulin hegemoni och feminin omvårdnad      En studie om distriktsköterskors syn på mäns hälsa och strategier vid hälsosamtal med män   Arbetets art: Självständigt arbete i genusstudier   Program/Kurs/kursbeteckning: Magisterutbildning med inriktning mot genusstudier   Arbetets omfattning:15 högskolepoäng   Sidantal: 37   Författare: Lena Söderblom   Handledare: Henrik Eriksson   Examinator: Pia Lindberg             SAMMANFATTNING   Hälsoparadoxen visar mäns kortare medellivslängd samt död i många åtgärdbara sjukdomar. Lågutbildade och män dör oftare i åtgärdbar sjuklighet än både högutbildade och kvinnor.  Högutbildade har lättare hitta vägar till vård och får också ett bättre bemötande. Inom primärvården bedrivs olika hälsopreventiva aktiviteter, bl.a erbjuds 40 åringar ett hälsosamtal, vilket utförs av distriktsköterskor. Syftet med denna studie var att ur ett genusperspektiv med utgångspunkt från manlig hegemoni enligt R. Conell, samt Y. Hirdmans teoribildning kring särskiljande och maktposition, beskriva distriktsköterskors syn på mäns hälsa och de strategier som används vid hälsosamtal med män. Studien genomfördes som en kvalitativ intervjustudie, och analyserades med ett narrativt och deskriptivt angreppssätt. Resultaten visar att distriktsköterskor har kännedom om faktorer som påverkar mäns hälsa, men upplever inte själva att de använder sig av speciella strategier för män. Studien visar också att den form av hälsoprevention som erbjuds, till stor del utnyttjas av de män som redan är privilegierade i samhället, den hegemoniska maskuliniteten. Hälsopreventivt arbete behöver granskas självkritiskt för att nya strategier ska kunna utvecklas och för att nå dem som behöver insatser. Distriktsköterskors engagemang för hälsoprevention, som framkom i denna studie, tyder på förutsättningar för nya angreppssätt och strategier för hälsoprevention.     Nyckelord: genusperspektiv, hegemoni, hälsa, hälsoparadoxen, hälsoprevention, maskulinitet / Titel: Masculine hegemony and Feminine caring A study about district nurses view of men’s health, and strategies connected to health talks with men.   Arbetets art: Independent Project in Gender Studies Program/Kurs/kursbeteckning: Master in Gender Studies   Arbetets omfattning:15 högskolepoäng   Sidantal: 37   Författare: Lena Söderblom   Handledare: Henrik Eriksson   Examinator: Pia Lindberg   ABSTRACT The health paradox shows men’s shorter average length of life and also their death in many curable illnesses. Lowly educated and men more often die in curable illness than highly educated and women. For highly educated it’s also easier to find ways to hospital treatment and they also often get a better treatment. Within public health there are different health preventional activities, among other things 40 years old people are offered a structured health talk, which is carried out by district nurses. The aim of this study was from a gender perspective with a staring point of masculine hegemony according to R. Conell, and Y. Hirdman’s theory about separation and power positions, to describe the district nurses’ view of men’s health and the strategies that are used during health talks with men. The study was accomplished as a qualitative study of interviews, and was analyzed in a narrative and descriptive way. The result shows that district nurses have knowledge about factors that influence men’s health, but they do not themselves experience that they use special strategies for men. The study also shows that the form of health prevention that is offered, to a large extent, is used by men who already are privileges in the society. Labour of health prevention needs to be critically scrutinized so that new strategies will develop and reach those who really need help. The devotion of district nurses for health prevention, which was shown in this study, indicates conditions of new ideas and strategies for health prevention.   Keywords: gender perspective, health, health prevention, hegemony, health paradox, masculinity