Syftet var att beskriva en grupp värmländska ungdomars tobaks- och munhälsovanor samt undersöka möjliga associationer av dessa till ett tobakspreventivt program i skolan och tilltro till egen förmåga (self-efficacy). Urvalet var elever (15-16 år, n=631) som genomgått ett tobakspreventivt program med information och värderingsövningar i klass 5 och 7. Rökning var vanligare bland flickor än bland pojkar (13% resp 8%), med omvänt förhållande avseende snusning (6% resp 15%). Tandborstning <2 gånger/dag var vanligare bland pojkarna (21%) än bland flickorna (12%). Flickorna hade som grupp lägre self-efficacy. Hög grad av self-efficacy gav signifikant högre sannolikhet att uppleva påverkan av tandvårdens tobakslektioner (p=0.004). I en multivariat modell identifierades tre signifikanta riskfaktorer för att inte uppleva påverkan av tandvårdens tobakslektioner: snusning (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.42-5.41), låg self-efficacy (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19-2.42) och boende utan två vuxna (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.17-2.51). Ålder <15 år (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46-0.93) gav lägre risk för att inte uppleva påverkan. Stratifierat på kön kvarstod statistisk signifikans av samtliga ovanstående variabler för flickor och boende utan två vuxna för pojkar.  Den kunskap som genererats i studien kan ge underlag för planering av preventions- och promotionsstrategier både i den kliniska verksamheten och vid hälsofrämjande arbete i skolan. / The aim was to examine adolescents in the Swedish county of Värmland, their tobacco and oral health habits, and possible associations of these to a tobacco prevention program and their self-efficacy. The sample were students (15-16 years, n = 631) who had undergone a tobacco prevention program in grade 5 and 7. Smoking was more common among girls than among boys (13% vs. 8%), with inverse relationship for snus use (6% vs. 15%). Toothbrushing <2 times/day were more common among boys (21%) than among girls (12%). The girls had as a group, lower self-efficacy. High degree of self-efficacy entailed a greater probability for self-perceived impact of tobacco lessons (p = 0.004). In a multivariate model three significant risk factors for not experiencing influence from tobacco lessons were identified: snus use (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.42-5.41), low self-efficacy (OR 1.70; 95% CI 1.19-2.42) and living without two adults (OR 1.71; 95% CI 1.17-2.51). Age <15 years (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.46-0.93) yielded a lower risk for not experiencing influence. Stratified on gender statistical significance persisted regarding all above for girls and living without two adults for boys.  The knowledge generated in this study may serve as a base for planning of prevention and promotion strategies in both clinical practice and in schools.

Collective kitchens are defined in a general way as groups of persons who meet to plan, shop for and cook meals, in large quantities. The purpose of this study was to explore the health promotion and food security experiences of collective kitchen members, during and away from collective kitchen meetings. The study used qualitative methods, including semi-participant observation and in-depth interviews to study collective kitchen groups. Between September 2000 and June 2002, a total of 21 collective kitchen groups in Saskatoon, Toronto and Montréal were sampled for maximum variation in terms of: type of participant; structure of the group belonged to; and support at the community and organizational level. Data was collected during prolonged observation throughout group planning and cooking sessions, and by conducting in-depth interviews with participants and group leaders. Additionally, data on the community, and the quality and quantity of organizational support provided to collective kitchen groups in each of the three cities, located in three different provinces, was collected through key informant interviews. Observations were recorded using field notes. Interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Observation and interview data from each of the three cities were analyzed separately for dominant themes and then integrated together to establish patterns of collective impacts on the lives of participants. Results indicate the benefits of collective cooking are numerous. First and foremost they are social support and reducing isolation are central themes to collective kitchen participation. Second they are educational elements include healthy eating and other food-related skills and learning, as well as some political and social education. Third, for some groups, particularly those experiencing less severe food insecurity, collective kitchen participation might increase food security. Additional impacts of participation include some aspects of community development and personal empowerment. While this research discusses many positive impacts of collective kitchens, poverty and community disintegration will not be solved by community programming alone.

Recently, the Saskatoon in motion physical activity health promotion initiative has worked with educators and high school administrators in the city of Saskatoon to develop a targeted physical activity strategy for high school students. The in motion high school strategy was implemented in each school by an in motion high school champion. In each school in motion could incorporate such things as announcements, bulletin boards, posters, physical activity clubs and physical activity challenges. The strategy was piloted in a Saskatoon high school previously and had positive impact on students activity levels. Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of the in motion strategy at impacting the physical activity behaviour of a large sample of Saskatoon high school students, and to uncover how in motion could be better supported in the school environment. Method: in motion was implemented in eight Saskatoon high schools from October to June of the 2005/06 school year. Study participants were male and female students, from grades 9-12, attending the eight schools. The Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire was administered in October 2005 (n = 4395), and May 2006 (n = 3299) to assess self reported physical activity, and analysed using independent t-tests and ANOVA with Tukey post hoc tests.<p>In June of 2006, questionnaires were administered to the in motion champions (n = 8). Questionnaires inquired into the specific activities and events that comprised the in motion intervention in each school and champion experiences with in motion. Information obtained led to the classification of dose of intervention implemented at each school. Schools were separated into high, moderate, and low dose categories, and a dose-response relationship between dose of intervention and change in physical activity level was investigated. Qualitative data was analysed using typological analysis, and represented as summary of responses. Results: An overall increase in self-reported physical activity was found after the implementation of the in motion physical activity intervention (t (3920.355) = -21.15, p < 0.0001). Increases were observed in all genders, grades, and schools. Two schools were deemed high dose, four moderate dose, and two low dose. No dose-response relationship was found between dose of in motion and change in physical activity or students opinion of how in motion impacted personal activity levels. Dose-response relationship was found between dose of intervention and recognition of in motion. Additionally, through champion questionnaires, multiple supports and barriers for the in motion intervention, and suggestions for how in motion could be improved, was given by in motion champions. Conclusions: Student opinion of in motions impact on their personal activity level indicates that in motion is a promising tool for increasing physical activity in students. Lack of dose-response relationship between intervention and physical activity change, and student opinion of how in motion has affected activity level suggests that the definition of dose is too narrow. To further support in motion in schools, more staff involvement and appropriate activities for different demographic groups are needed.

Distriktssköterskan har en viktig funktion i motivationsarbete i samband med patientens livsstilsförändringar. Ohälsa medför risk att utveckla långvariga sjukdomar och olika komplikationer. Levnadsförhållanden och levnadsvanor har stor betydelse för människans hälsa. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att motivera patienter till hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats. Genom intervjuer samlades data in från sex distriktssköterskor och analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultatet baseras på två kategorier: Kvalitén på det professionella stödet och Evidens och erfarenhet betydelsefulla för förändringsarbetet. Dessa kategorier bildade temat, Distriktssköterskors lyhördhet och kunskap är ledstjärnor för att motivera patienter till en hälsosammare livsstil. Resultatet av vår studie visar att det är viktigt att lyssna och bekräfta patienten för att stödja dem emotionellt. Vid livsstilsförändringar måste förklaring och information ges. Det behövs verktyg i förändringsarbetet och för att arbeta evidensbaserat måste distriktssköterskor ha ett reflekterande förhållningssätt. Att förändra sin livsstil innebär att patienten inser vikten av att göra en livsstilsförändring och att de är beredda att ta förlusterna för de ser att vinsterna är så stora. / The Health Care Nurse plays an important role in motivating patients to implement lifestyle changes. Unhealthiness causes risks of developing long-lasting diseases and other complications. Living conditions and living habits are of great significance in terms of human health.  Lifestyle changes, in contrast to drugs, often have an impact on both risk markers and states of diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe district nurses’ experiences when motivating patients to take part in health-promoting lifestyle changes. The study is based on a qualitative method with an inductive approach. Through interviews, data was collected from six health care nurses and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The results are based on two categories, quality of the professional support together with evidence and experiences important to the changing process. These categories formed the theme: Health Care Nurses´, sensitivity and knowledge are the guiding principles in terms of motivating patients to pursue a healthier lifestyle. The results of our study show that it is important to listen and to acknowledge the patient to be able to support them emotionally.  Undergoing lifestyle changes require explanation and information. The changing process requires tools, the informants must have a reflective attitude to be able to work based on evidence. The patient needs to realize the importance of making a lifestyle change and also be prepared to take the losses. When doing so the patients will learn that they gain more than they lose.

Although the completion of the Human Genome Project helps develop efficient treatment/prevention programs, it will raise new and non-trivial public health issues. Many of these issues fall under the professional purview of health educators. Yet, no studies have evaluated if health educators (HEs) are ready to adopt genomic competencies into health promotion. This dissertation addresses this issue by examining three research questions in three separate studies: 1) Why must HEs develop genomic competencies? 2) What are HEs’ knowledge of, and attitudes toward genomic competencies? And 3) what is HEs’ likelihood of adopting genomic competencies into health promotion? The first theoretical study proposed five arguments supporting the need for HEs to develop their genomic competencies and integrate public health genomics into health promotion. These arguments touched on various dimensions of HEs’ professional goals and ranged from professional responsibilities and competencies, to the availability of funding for genomic-related research or interventions and opportunities for future employment. For the second study, a web-based survey was developed and distributed to all members of four major health education organizations. A total of 1,925 HEs’ completed the survey and 1,607 responses were utilized in the final analysis. This study indicated that participants had deficient knowledge and unfavorable attitudes toward the CDCproposed genomic competencies. In the third study, a theoretical model was developed to predict HEs’ likelihood to incorporate genomic competencies into their practice. Using techniques from Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), the model was tested with the same data of the second study. Findings supported the proposed theoretical model. While genomic knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy were significantly associated with HEs’ likelihood to incorporate genomic competencies into their practice, attitudes was the strongest predictor of likelihood. In summary, these studies indicated that participating HEs had deficient genomic knowledge, unfavorable attitudes toward a set of CDC-proposed genomic competencies, and low likelihood to adopt genomic competencies into health promotion. Relevant training should be developed and advocated. As the SEM analysis results indicated the survey findings supported the proposed theoretical model, which can be utilized to steer future training for HEs.

This study is to explore the staffs of Kaohsiung city government for: (1) The relationships among job stress, quality of work life, humor leadership, and worksite health promotion; (2) The moderating effect of humor leadership toward job stress and quality of work life; (3) The moderating effect of worksite health promotion toward job stress and quality of work life; (4) The differences of sample characters on job stress, quality of work life, humor leadership, and worksite health promotion. The questionnaire survey was conducted in the study. Based on the data from Department of Budget, Accounting and Statistics of Kaohsiung city government, the budgeted staffs in 2009 are 10,840 persons who were located into 11 institute¡¦s catagories. According to the staffs numbers, we measured by ratio sampling (8%-10%), and associated with convenient sampling. Total 1005 questionnaires were distributed to the government staffs and 71 public schools staffs, and the valid questionnaires were 800 copies with return rate of 79.6%. This study adopted exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), correlation analysis and multiple regression. The findings are: (1) The government staffs have more stress on outside-giving, and they were mostly satisfied with leadership style of their supervisors; (2) Extrinsic effort and Overcommitment negatively and significantly affect quality of work life; Self-esteem and job promotion positively and significantly affect quality of work life; (3) Extrinsic effort and overcommitment negatively and significantly affect the balance of job/life; Self-esteem and job promotion positively and significantly affect quality of work life; (4) Humor leadership is a moderator toward extrinsic effort, self-esteem, overcommitment and quality of work life; (5) Health life, comfortable environment, friendly worksite are partial moderators toward self-esteem, job promotion, overcommitment and job characteristics; (6) Part of personal characters have significant differences in job stress, quality of work life, humor leadership, and worksite health promotion. This study aims to the relationship between job stress and quality of work life from the staffs of Kaohsiung city government, and could confirm humor leadership and worksite health promotion to be a moderator partially affecting job stress and quality of work life. The results could be the reference to provide Kaohsiung city government and related institutes to work on the strategy for reducing job stress and increasing quality of work life.

<p>Distriktssköterskan har en viktig funktion i motivationsarbete i samband med patientens livsstilsförändringar. Ohälsa medför risk att utveckla långvariga sjukdomar och olika komplikationer. Levnadsförhållanden och levnadsvanor har stor betydelse för människans hälsa. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva distriktssköterskors erfarenheter av att motivera patienter till hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar. Studien är baserad på en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv ansats. Genom intervjuer samlades data in från sex distriktssköterskor och analyserades med hjälp av en innehållsanalys. Resultatet baseras på två kategorier: Kvalitén på det professionella stödet och Evidens och erfarenhet betydelsefulla för förändringsarbetet. Dessa kategorier bildade temat, Distriktssköterskors lyhördhet och kunskap är ledstjärnor för att motivera patienter till en hälsosammare livsstil. Resultatet av vår studie visar att det är viktigt att lyssna och bekräfta patienten för att stödja dem emotionellt. Vid livsstilsförändringar måste förklaring och information ges. Det behövs verktyg i förändringsarbetet och för att arbeta evidensbaserat måste distriktssköterskor ha ett reflekterande förhållningssätt. Att förändra sin livsstil innebär att patienten inser vikten av att göra en livsstilsförändring och att de är beredda att ta förlusterna för de ser att vinsterna är så stora.</p> / <p>The Health Care Nurse plays an important role in motivating patients to implement lifestyle changes. Unhealthiness causes risks of developing long-lasting diseases and other complications. Living conditions and living habits are of great significance in terms of human health.  Lifestyle changes, in contrast to drugs, often have an impact on both risk markers and states of diseases. The purpose of this study was to describe district nurses’ experiences when motivating patients to take part in health-promoting lifestyle changes. The study is based on a qualitative method with an inductive approach. Through interviews, data was collected from six health care nurses and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. The results are based on two categories, quality of the professional support together with evidence and experiences important to the changing process. These categories formed the theme: Health Care Nurses´, sensitivity and knowledge are the guiding principles in terms of motivating patients to pursue a healthier lifestyle. The results of our study show that it is important to listen and to acknowledge the patient to be able to support them emotionally.  Undergoing lifestyle changes require explanation and information. The changing process requires tools, the informants must have a reflective attitude to be able to work based on evidence. The patient needs to realize the importance of making a lifestyle change and also be prepared to take the losses. When doing so the patients will learn that they gain more than they lose.</p>

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Adviser: Jonathan Matusitz. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-101).

Övervikt och obesitas är ett ökande hälsoproblem världen över. Det är genom den levda kroppen som vi upplever hälsa och ohälsa. Vi är helt enkelt vår kropp och genom den erfar vi världen. Övervikt beror till stor del av ohälsosamma levnadsvanor och det är viktigt att patienter får stöd att ändra dessa. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor kan stödja patienter med övervikt till att främja hälsosamma levnadsvanor. Metoden som använts är en litteraturöversikt, där granskning av 12 artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa genomfördes. Resultatet av detta bidrog till att vi fann ett antal likheter. Fyra kategorier identifierades: Stigmatisering och attityder, empowerment, motiverande samtal och hälsofrämjande arbete. Det visade sig att vårdpersonal ofta har någon form av negativ attityd gentemot överviktiga patienter och det kan påverka kvalitén av vården och dess effekter. Att använda och lära ut empowerment är ett sätt att få patienten att förändra sin livsstil. Genom att sjuksköterskan hjälper patienten att öka sina egna resurser finns det en större chans att patienten känner att han eller hon har kontroll över sitt eget liv och att också kunna lösa sina problem. Motiverande samtal, MI är en effektiv metod för att motivera patienter att ändra sin livsstil som används allt mer inom primärvården. Det är en riktad, patientcentrerad rådgivning baserad på många öppna frågor. Hälsofrämjande arbete är en viktig uppgift för sjuksköterskor i samhället. Diskussionen tar upp att empowerment är en stödjande process där individer eller grupper har möjlighet att förändra sin situation till det bättre. Det kom också fram att negativa attityder beror på vad man som sjuksköterska anser ha orsakat övervikten. Sjuksköterskor bör tillsammans med staten, skolor och kommuner stödja och förespråka förändringar i riktlinjer som skulle kunna förebygga och minska konsekvenser till övervikt och bidra till ett friskare samhälle.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskans yrkesroll omfattar att främja hälsa, förebygga sjukdom, återställa hälsa och lindra lidande för patienten. Med ett salutogent synsätt identifieras riskbruk av alkohol hos ungdomar och unga vuxna. Syfte: Att beskriva hur sjuksköterskor inom Hälso- och sjukvårdens öppenvård arbetade hälsofrämjande med ungdomar och unga vuxna mellan 13-24 år med ett riskbruk av alkohol, samt att granska de valda artiklarnas datainsamlingsmetoder. Metod: Den föreliggande litteraturstudien var av en deskriptiv design. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Cinahl och Medline mellan åren 2004-2015 och med sökorden adolescent, binge drinking,professional-patient relations, health promotion, text messaging, motivational interviewing ochalcohol.  Tretton kvantitativa artiklar valdes ut och bearbetades. Huvudresultat: Olika hälsofrämjande insatser framkom. Brief interventions och motiverande samtal erbjöds och genomfördes. Genom att identifiera riskfaktorer och riskbruk minskade en ohälsosam alkoholkonsumtion hos ungdomar och unga vuxna. Identifiering av riskbruk av alkohol utfördes med hjälp av SMS och web men även med hjälp av broschyrer. Internet påverkade effektivt ungdomars attityder och självkänsla. Med god självbekräftelse utvecklades en högre självkänsla hos både ungdomar och vuxna. Utvecklingen minskade alkoholintaget och oavsett hur självkänslan stärktes underlättade detta för implementering och genomförande av information kring alkohol och dess risker. Slutsats: I sjuksköterskans hälsofrämjande arbete ingår att tidigt identifiera en ohälsosam livsstil och att stärka ungdomar och unga vuxnas självkänsla. Genom att beslutsfattande faktorer påverkades kunde motivationen till förändring öka vilket minskade antalet berusningstillfällen. Med rådgivning och stärkande samtal kunde ungdomar och unga vuxna motiveras till en mindre alkoholkonsumtion. / Background: The nurse's professional role includes promoting health, preventing illness, restoring health and alleviate suffering for the patient. With a salutogenic approach will risk use of alcohol in adolescents and young adults be identified. Aim:The purpose of this study was to describe the health promoting efforts by nurses within non-institutional care regarding their work with young people and young adults aged 13-24 yearsold and a risky use of alcohol. Furthermore, the purpose was to review the data collection methods of selected articles referenced in this study. Methods:The present study has a descriptive design. Searches were done in the Cinahl and Medline databases, were limited between the years 2004-2015 and with the keywords adolescent, binge drinking, professional-patient relations, health promotion, text messaging, motivational interviewing, and alcohol. Thirteen quantitative articles were selected and processed. Result: Various health promotion emerged. Brief interventions and motivational interviewing were offered and implemented. Unhealthy use of alcohol in adolescents and young adults were reduced, this by identifying the risk factors that influence to a risky use of alcohol. To identify the risks, Short Message Service (SMS) and the Internet where used. Identification was also done by means of leaflets. Using the Internet was an efficient way to influence young people's attitudes and self-esteem. A good self-affirmation also developed a higher self-esteem among both youth and adults. This development reduced alcohol intake. An improvement to a higher self-esteem among young people, regardless how it achieves, eases the implementation and execution work of giving information about alcohol and its risks. Conclusion: In the nurse's health promotion work includes early identification of an unhealthy lifestyle and to strengthen youth and young adults' self-esteem. Influencing the decision-making factors increased the motivation to change. This reduced the number of binge occasions. With counseling and strengthening dialogues, adolescents and young adults are motivated to drink less alcohol.