Introduction: The use of e-learning in healthcare education is being increasingly advocated and used, but can prove challenging. The need to explore educator’s experience and student perspectives in relation to this area of pedagogy was identified as a relevant area of study Study Aim: To explore and critically analyse the perspectives and experiences of healthcare educators and students regarding e-learning. Design: A mixed methods exploratory case study of one HEI’s use of e-learning. Methods: Quantitative descriptive data was collected through educator and student questionnaires from 34 academics and 127 students across four university departments delivering undergraduate healthcare related programmes. A sample of 12 module web spaces and associated documentation was reviewed. The data sets were considered in relation to the thematic analysis of 16 semi-structured educator interviews and 6 healthcare student focus groups. Results: Educator and student needs are interwoven during undergraduate healthcare provision. Differing educational philosophies, practices and culture across the cases created opportunities and challenges with e-learning. Two differing, yet potentially complimentary definitions of e-learning existed within and across the four departments which produced either congruence or conflict toward the varied e-learning approaches. Student respondents selectively engaged in what was primarily educator controlled e-learning. Conclusions: The findings highlighted the need for agreement and understanding of philosophical and pedagogical underpinnings which define and shape e-learning by educators and students, along with an awareness of differing professional cultures across which e-learning is required to operate. Originality / Value: The findings of this study offer a deeper understanding of the effect on educator and student engagement in e-learning of differing higher education and professional practice education cultures. A model is offered as a response to particular issues faced by the study respondents; whilst non-generalisable the model may serve as an enlightening guide for educators who are introducing or applying constructivist e-learning practices within undergraduate healthcare provision and benefit the student experience.

The thesis investigated the use of combination of sections using learning steps in the development of courseware presentation in the 3D Virtual Worlds platform. The technical objective of the study is to present the design of multisection strategy in developing healthcare course in 3D Virtual World online environment. The main aim of this study is to know the effects of multisection [objective, tutorial (with or without video), quiz and test] sections incorporation in an online 3D Virtual World towards the usability. The empirical research described in this thesis comprised three experimental phases. In the first phase, an initial experiment was carried out with 21 users to explore the usability and learning performance of courseware created using 3D the Virtual World platform of Second Life. The second experiment phase involved an experiment conducted with 30 users to investigate their perception, satisfaction and performance of the role of each main section involved in Virtual World courseware. In the third phase, a total of 30 users experimentally examined a unique approach to the use of video segment added in the Tutorial section of the OTQT framework. The overall obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the tested multisection to enhance the development of healthcare course in an online learning of 3D Virtual World program. These results in three experiments provided a set of unique and empirically derived guidelines for the design and the use of three multisection frameworks to generate more usable courseware in the 3D Virtual Worlds of an online learning interface. For example, when designing avatars as animated virtual lecturers in e-learning interfaces, specific facial expression and body gestures should be incorporated due to its positive influence in enhancing learners' attitude towards the learning process.

Introdução: O trabalho em saúde diferencia-se dos demais trabalhos pela complexidade de seu objeto (a pessoa e sua família, os grupos sociais ou as coletividades), pela especificidade de seu produto (ações de saúde) e pela participação dos sujeitos no processo de produção do cuidado. No Brasil, o sistema de saúde é orientado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. Em 1994, o Ministério da Saúde propôs o Programa Saúde da Família, depois denominado Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), com a finalidade de fortalecer as ações e favorecer o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde. O objeto deste estudo foi a prática diária dos trabalhadores de saúde, tendo como categoria de análise o processo de trabalho em saúde. Objetivo: caracterizar e problematizar os processos de trabalho em saúde de equipes da ESF de Campina Grande- PB. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação, que teve início com a apresentação às equipes dos secundários oriundos do Programa de Avaliação da Melhoria da Qualidade da Assistência (PMAQ). Tais dados mostraram a ausência de registros sobre o acompanhamento sistemático das condições de vida e saúde dos grupos prioritários. A avaliação externa do PMAQ, por sua vez, evidenciou a realidade vivida pelos trabalhadores. Essa primeira aproximação forneceu os elementos necessários para problematizar a produção das equipes. Foram realizadas oficinas problematizadoras para identificar e problematizar os nós críticos do trabalho, na perspectiva da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Participaram da investigação 38 trabalhadores das duas unidades de saúde da família do município de Campina Grande, do estado da Paraíba. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com dois gestores. O material empírico resultante foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foram identificados nós críticos relativos ao processo de trabalho, ao trabalho em equipe, ao acolhimento e ao sistema de informação em saúde. Discussão: A EPS permitiu aos trabalhadores ampliar sua compreensão sobre o cotidiano do trabalho contexto em que atuam e as necessidades dos usuários. Ficou evidente que existe um trabalho preso a normas, cronogramas e protocolos, na lógica do trabalho morto, que obstaculiza o trabalho vivo. Considerações finais: os trabalhadores envolvidos puderam ressignificar suas práticas, de modo a conciliar a normatização instituída e o que precisa ser realizado. No cotidiano do trabalho, já foram iniciados novos modos de agir onde o processo de comunicação vem se abrindo a problematização e negociação, visando à produção do entendimento e o respeito às diferenças. / Introduction: Health work differs from other kinds of work by the complexity of its object (the person and her/his family, the social groups or collectives), the specificity its product (health actions) and those that participate in care production process. In Brazil, the health care system is driven by Primary Health. In 1994, the Health Ministry proposed the Family Health Program, afterwards called Family Health Strategy (FHS), in order to strengthen actions and to promote people\'s access to health services. The object of this study was the health workers daily practice, and the analytic category was the work process in health. Objective: To characterize and discuss the work processes in FHS health teams in Campina Grande-PB. Method: An action research was performed, which began with the presentation of data of Quality of Care Improvement Assessment Program (PMAQ in Portuguese). Such data showed the absence on systematic monitoring of life and health conditions of priority groups. The PMAQ external evaluation highlighted the reality experienced by the workers. This first approach provided the necessary elements to discuss the teams production. Workshops were held to identify and discuss the work critical nodes in the continuing healthcare education (EPS) perspective. 38 workers of two health family units participated in the investigation in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. Interviews were also conducted with two health managers. The resulting empirical material was submitted to content analysis. Results: critical problems related to the labor process, teamwork, reception and health information system were identified. Discussion: EPS enables the workers to improve their understanding of the everyday work context in which they operate and the users needs. It was evident that the work process is tied to rules, schedules and protocols, in a dead labor logic, which hinders living labor. Final considerations: the workers involved could reframe their practices in order to reconcile what is established and what is to be done. In daily work, new acting ways were initiated and the communication process is now opened to questioning and negotiation in order to produce the understanding and the respect for differences.

Background and objective: Patients’ and parents’ involvement in nursing students’ pediatric clinical practice assessment is informal. This study explored patients’ and parents’ perceptions of their role in students’ formative assessment. Approach: Interviews were conducted with patients and parents admitted at the study setting who received care from a nursing student. They were transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis while Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of rigor and trustworthiness were upheld. Findings: Three categories emerged from the data: 1) Patients’ and parents’ current involvement in the assessment of nursing students’ pediatric clinical practice; 2) How they would like to be involved; and 3) The benefits and challenges of their involvement. Conclusion: This study has provided an understanding of patients’ and parents’ past encounters with nursing students, the elements of care that they would want to assess, and their perceived benefits and challenges of their involvement.

Dissertação(mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Programa de Pós- Graduação em Educação em Ciências: Química da Vida e Saúde, Instituto de Educação, 2011. / Submitted by EDUARDO PENA (edupenaa@hotmail.com) on 2012-10-25T04:25:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A ASSISTÊNCIA E A ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE.pdf: 733540 bytes, checksum: 7abb737bfafe26d4e7613c68c99a48b3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Gabriela Silva da Rosa(gabrielasilvadarosa@gmail.com) on 2013-07-02T14:19:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A ASSISTÊNCIA E A ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE.pdf: 733540 bytes, checksum: 7abb737bfafe26d4e7613c68c99a48b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-02T14:19:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A ASSISTÊNCIA E A ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA COMO INSTRUMENTOS DE.pdf: 733540 bytes, checksum: 7abb737bfafe26d4e7613c68c99a48b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A profissão farmacêutica tem passado por grandes modificações ao longo de sua história. O profissional que cuidava dos medicamentos e da saúde de quem necessitava de suas fórmulas, obteve, junto à sociedade, um lugar de destaque, contudo, após a revolução industrial e a produção de medicamentos em larga escala, ele foi perdendo esse reconhecimento e sendo direcionado a outras áreas da profissão como as análises clínicas, passando a ter uma formação mais tecnicista. Entretanto, a necessidade de estender novamente a atuação do profissional farmacêutico para as ações de educação em saúde, visando à promoção do uso seguro e racional dos medicamentos, propiciou um processo de ressignificação desta profissão na área assistencial. A formação generalista para o farmacêutico, preconizada pelas novas diretrizes curriculares dos cursos de graduação, alicerçam essas mudanças para a profissão. A inserção de disciplinas que tratam da Atenção Farmacêutica e da Assistência Farmacêutica tem por objetivo preparar os acadêmicos para a fase de transição do profissional que cuida do medicamento para o profissional que cuida de pessoas, contemplando um eixo formador humanístico-crítico-reflexivo. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o panorama desta(s) disciplina(s) nas faculdades de farmácia no Rio Grande do Sul, bem como demonstrar a sua importância na qualificação de profissionais que promovam a educação em saúde da sociedade para o uso racional de medicamentos. Também foi objetivado analisar, na percepção dos alunos dos cursos de farmácia de duas universidades particulares do Rio Grande do Sul, como a disciplina de Atenção Farmacêutica e estágio específico que aborde essa atividade têm influenciado o preparo acadêmico para promover a educação em saúde aos usuários de medicamentos. Dessa forma, foram produzidos dois artigos abordando estes temas. / The pharmaceutical profession has been through significant modifications along its history. The professional, who used to take care of drugs and of patients‟ health that needed formulas, achieved a prominent position in the society. However, after the Industrial Revolution and the large-scale production of drugs, this professional started being less acknowledged and was directed to other fields of the profession, such as medical laboratory science, having a more technician formation. But, the need of having the pharmacist working for health education practice, in order to promote the safe and reasonable use of drugs provided a resignification process of this profession in the health Care Assistance. The generalist education for the pharmacist promoted by new curriculum guidelines of graduation courses, establish these changes to the profession. The insertion of disciplines which deal with Pharmaceutical Care and Pharmaceutical Assistance has the aim of preparing the academic students for the transition phase of the professional who takes care of people, considering a humanist-critical-reflexive education of the student. The objective of this research was to investigate the perspective of this discipline or these disciplines in the Pharmacy Schools courses in Rio Grande do Sul universities, as well as to demonstrate its or their importance for the qualification of professionals who promote health education in the society for the reasonable use of drugs. Another objective was to analyze – according to the students‟ perception of two private Pharmacy Schools in Rio Grande do Sul – how the Pharmaceutical Care discipline and its specific internship program has influenced the academic preparation to the promotion of health education to the patients. Therefore, two articles were written approaching these themes.

Introdução: O trabalho em saúde diferencia-se dos demais trabalhos pela complexidade de seu objeto (a pessoa e sua família, os grupos sociais ou as coletividades), pela especificidade de seu produto (ações de saúde) e pela participação dos sujeitos no processo de produção do cuidado. No Brasil, o sistema de saúde é orientado pela Atenção Primária à Saúde. Em 1994, o Ministério da Saúde propôs o Programa Saúde da Família, depois denominado Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), com a finalidade de fortalecer as ações e favorecer o acesso da população aos serviços de saúde. O objeto deste estudo foi a prática diária dos trabalhadores de saúde, tendo como categoria de análise o processo de trabalho em saúde. Objetivo: caracterizar e problematizar os processos de trabalho em saúde de equipes da ESF de Campina Grande- PB. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação, que teve início com a apresentação às equipes dos secundários oriundos do Programa de Avaliação da Melhoria da Qualidade da Assistência (PMAQ). Tais dados mostraram a ausência de registros sobre o acompanhamento sistemático das condições de vida e saúde dos grupos prioritários. A avaliação externa do PMAQ, por sua vez, evidenciou a realidade vivida pelos trabalhadores. Essa primeira aproximação forneceu os elementos necessários para problematizar a produção das equipes. Foram realizadas oficinas problematizadoras para identificar e problematizar os nós críticos do trabalho, na perspectiva da Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS). Participaram da investigação 38 trabalhadores das duas unidades de saúde da família do município de Campina Grande, do estado da Paraíba. Também foram realizadas entrevistas com dois gestores. O material empírico resultante foi submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: foram identificados nós críticos relativos ao processo de trabalho, ao trabalho em equipe, ao acolhimento e ao sistema de informação em saúde. Discussão: A EPS permitiu aos trabalhadores ampliar sua compreensão sobre o cotidiano do trabalho contexto em que atuam e as necessidades dos usuários. Ficou evidente que existe um trabalho preso a normas, cronogramas e protocolos, na lógica do trabalho morto, que obstaculiza o trabalho vivo. Considerações finais: os trabalhadores envolvidos puderam ressignificar suas práticas, de modo a conciliar a normatização instituída e o que precisa ser realizado. No cotidiano do trabalho, já foram iniciados novos modos de agir onde o processo de comunicação vem se abrindo a problematização e negociação, visando à produção do entendimento e o respeito às diferenças. / Introduction: Health work differs from other kinds of work by the complexity of its object (the person and her/his family, the social groups or collectives), the specificity its product (health actions) and those that participate in care production process. In Brazil, the health care system is driven by Primary Health. In 1994, the Health Ministry proposed the Family Health Program, afterwards called Family Health Strategy (FHS), in order to strengthen actions and to promote people\'s access to health services. The object of this study was the health workers daily practice, and the analytic category was the work process in health. Objective: To characterize and discuss the work processes in FHS health teams in Campina Grande-PB. Method: An action research was performed, which began with the presentation of data of Quality of Care Improvement Assessment Program (PMAQ in Portuguese). Such data showed the absence on systematic monitoring of life and health conditions of priority groups. The PMAQ external evaluation highlighted the reality experienced by the workers. This first approach provided the necessary elements to discuss the teams production. Workshops were held to identify and discuss the work critical nodes in the continuing healthcare education (EPS) perspective. 38 workers of two health family units participated in the investigation in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. Interviews were also conducted with two health managers. The resulting empirical material was submitted to content analysis. Results: critical problems related to the labor process, teamwork, reception and health information system were identified. Discussion: EPS enables the workers to improve their understanding of the everyday work context in which they operate and the users needs. It was evident that the work process is tied to rules, schedules and protocols, in a dead labor logic, which hinders living labor. Final considerations: the workers involved could reframe their practices in order to reconcile what is established and what is to be done. In daily work, new acting ways were initiated and the communication process is now opened to questioning and negotiation in order to produce the understanding and the respect for differences.

<p>Effective teamwork and communication are critical to patient outcomes, and subjective assessment tools have been developed for measuring team performance using both technical and non-technical skills. However, inherent biases remain with using subjective assessment tools.</p><p>In this study, 3rd-year medical students participated in the Acute Care Trauma Simulation (ACTS). The student performed the role of clinician in a team that included a nurse and a simulated patient. Participants conducted post-operative patient management, patient care diagnoses, and treatment. Audio from all team members was recorded, and speech variables (e.g., speech duration, frequency of interaction, etc.) from student’s audio were extracted.</p><p>The models for Research Question I showed that increasing frequency of checkbacks between student and nurse (p<0.05) and speech duration from student to patient (p=0.001) significantly increased student’s clinical performance score. In Research Question II, a positive association (ρ=0.456, p<0.001) between speech duration from student to patient and overall NTS scores was observed, and this correlation was the strongest amongst all other vocal features with overall NTS score.</p><p>Both studies showed significant positive relationships between key vocal features (e.g., speech duration), frequency of communication with respect to performance. Metrics and vocal features derived from audio recordings can be measured in predicting clinical performance and NTS, moreover, it can further contribute to the understanding of communication in the healthcare setting. Most importantly, the potential of providing an objective approach for simulation-based trauma care training.</p><div><br></div>

The thesis investigated the use of combination of sections using learning steps in the development of courseware presentation in the 3D Virtual Worlds platform. The technical objective of the study is to present the design of multisection strategy in developing healthcare course in 3D Virtual World online environment. The main aim of this study is to know the effects of multisection [objective, tutorial (with or without video), quiz and test] sections incorporation in an online 3D Virtual World towards the usability. The empirical research described in this thesis comprised three experimental phases. In the first phase, an initial experiment was carried out with 21 users to explore the usability and learning performance of courseware created using 3D the Virtual World platform of Second Life. The second experiment phase involved an experiment conducted with 30 users to investigate their perception, satisfaction and performance of the role of each main section involved in Virtual World courseware. In the third phase, a total of 30 users experimentally examined a unique approach to the use of video segment added in the Tutorial section of the OTQT framework. The overall obtained results demonstrated the usefulness of the tested multisection to enhance the development of healthcare course in an online learning of 3D Virtual World program. These results in three experiments provided a set of unique and empirically derived guidelines for the design and the use of three multisection frameworks to generate more usable courseware in the 3D Virtual Worlds of an online learning interface. For example, when designing avatars as animated virtual lecturers in e-learning interfaces, specific facial expression and body gestures should be incorporated due to its positive influence in enhancing learners¿ attitude towards the learning process.

Yes

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