This dissertation refers to BTL communication of Hellmann's brand from Unilever ČR, which is the leader on the mayonnaise and tatar sauce market for several years. The objective of this dissertation is to analyse questions about below the line communication with the focus on Sales promotion, outline trends in this matter and show application on concrete brand with the highlight of most used parts of BTL communication during execution of chosen activation, evaluation of this activation and proposition of feasible improvements.

The Hellmann-Feynman theorem is presented together with certain allied theorems. The origin of the Hellmann-Feynman theorem in quantum physical chemistry is described. The theorem is stated with proof and with discussion of applicability and reliability. Some adaptations of the theorem to the study of the variation of zeros of special functions and orthogonal polynomials are surveyed. Possible extensions are discussed.

<p> The electron density approach in conjunction with the Hellmann-Feynman theorem is used for a systematic analysis of binding characteristics of the two isoelectronic molecular series: N₂, CO, BF, and LiF, BeO. Electron density distributions, forces and field gradients corresponding to static properties of electron densities, have been calculated from Hartree-Fock wavefunctions (obtained from the work of other authors) for these molecules. Correlation of these static properties with binding characteristics are presented. Covalent and ionic characteristics are made evident by an analysis of the density distributions, density difference maps obtained by subtracting atomic from molecular distributions, and the forces exerted on nuclei by these distributions. A discussion of the field gradients, as related to quadrupole polarizations of the electron densities, is presented and the relevance of these polarizations to the interpretation of nuclear quadrupole coupling constants is indicated. </p> <p> Dynamic properties, as reflected by the magnitude of force constants, are analyzed in terms of functionals of the one-electron density. Force constant expressions are derived from the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. Any relation of force constants to field gradients is shown to be not unique as a result of cancellation of static and dynamic electron contributions to the total force constant. The total electronic contribution is shown to arise from a relaxation of density after a displacement of a certain nucleus. Relaxation of density with respect to one nucleus but which remains localized on some other nucleus in a molecule is shown to be equivalent to a field gradient. Thus, such density is separated from other density and its contribution to the force constant is treated as a field gradient. All contributions are computed from polynomial fits of the corresponding forces calculated at a number of internuclear distances. Relaxation density maps for the remaining atomic and overlap densities centered on a specific nucleus are presented. These maps are calculated as the difference between densities of the extended and equilibrium configurations of a molecule. The relaxation densities are correlated to the magnitude of the corresponding electronic force constant components. Thus, for the first time, there is demonstrated the concrete relation between covalent and ionic characteristics of electron densities in molecules and their dynamic properties which result in the magnitude of force constants. </p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

In this thesis we study the connection between conformal symmetry breaking and the the renormalization group. In the first chapter we review the main properties of conformal field theories (CFTs), Wilsonian RG and describe how renormalization induces a flow between different CFTs. The prominent role is given to the trace of energy-momentum tensor (TEMT) as a measure for conformal symmetry violation. Scaling properties of supersymmetric gauge theories are also reviewed . In the second chapter the quantum action principle is introduced as a scheme for renormalizing composite operators. The framework is then applied to derive conditions for UV finiteness of two-point correlators of composite operators with special emphasis on TEMT. We then proceed to discuss the application of the Feynman-Hellmann theorem to evaluate gluon condensates. In the third chapter the basic elements the Trace anomaly on curved space are examined. The finiteness results from Chapter 2 are given physical meaning in relation with the RG flow of the geometrical quantity ~ d (coefficient of □R in the anomaly). The last chapter is dedicated to the a-theorem. First we apply some of the results derived in Chapter 3 to extend the known perturbative calculation for the flow of the central charge βa for gauge theories with Banks-Zaks fixed point. In the last part we review the main ideas of the recent proof of the a-theorem by Komargodski and Schwimmer and apply their formalism to re-derive the known non-perturbative formula for ∆ βa of SUSY conformal window theories.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19741号 / 工博第4196号 / 新制||工||1647(附属図書館) / 32777 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科分子工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田中 庸裕, 教授 佐藤 啓文, 教授 梶 弘典 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

The goal of computational research in the fields of engineering, physics, chemistry or as a matter of fact in any field, is to study the properties of systems from the various principles available. In computational engineering, particularly in nano-scale simulations involving low-energy physics or chemistry, the goal is to model such structures and understand their properties from first principles or better known as \textit{Ab Initio} calculations. Geometry optimization is the basic component used in modeling molecules. The calculations involved are used to find the coordinates or the positions of the atoms of the molecule where it has the minimum energy and is hence stable. Efficient calculation of the forces acting on the atoms is the most important factor to be able to study the stable geometry of a molecule. In this thesis, the approach used begins with efficient electronic structure calculations using all electron calculations which paves the way for efficient force calculations. Kohn-Sham equations Density functional theory (DFT) are used to find the electron wave functions as accurately as possible using a finite element basis that introduces minimum errors in calculations. FEAST, a highly efficient density matrix based eigenvalue solver, is used to obtain accurate eigenvalues. Derivation of forces is done using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem. To find the minimum energy configuration of the system, Newton's iterative method is used that converges to the desired coordinates where the energy at the global minimum is found. The theory behind energy minimization and the calculations involved will be elaborated in this thesis and a method to move the atom in the existing framework will be discussed.

Today, the telecommunication world is focused on mobility. This is popular because since the 1990s most people have integrated their mobile phones into their life. A new factor is the rise of the voice over IP(VoIP) technology, with VoIP over Wireless LANs (WLANs) as the clear next growth area for mobile communications. The purpose of this thesis was to understand how to save power based upon changing when some operations are performed in a VoIP client. In order to do this, we decided to port minisip to an HP iPAQ 5500 Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), in order to explore some of the issues of running such a client on a PDA - due to its constraints with regard to storage, processing power, and battery power. Minisip is a SIP open source user agent running on Linux and Windows. This thesis builds upon earlier theses which showed that minisip can offer a secure communications platform with the latest functions which are desired in a mobile personal VoIP system. However, most of these earlier theses utilized desktop, laptop, or server based system, i.e., with few resources constrains. The focus of this thesis was to examine the case of a highly constrained user platform such as an iPAQ. / Dagens telekommunikationssystem fokuserar på mobilitet. Detta har blivit populärt under 90-talet då mobilitet blev naturligt integrerad i människans vardagliga liv i form av exempelvis mobiltelefoner. Voice over IP (VoIP) har blivit en stor del av dagen teknik där trådlösa system Wireless LANs (WLANs) har blivit en större del av mobilkommunikation. Målet med denna rapport är att förstå hur strömförbrukningen kan minimeras genom att utföra vissa operationer med hjälp av en VoIP-klient. För att åstadkomma detta porterade vi minisip, en SIP agent som är baserad på öppen källkod och körs på Linux och Windows, till en HP iPAQ 5500, en så kallad Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). Vi valde PDAn för att kunna utforska de begränsningar den medför i form av lagringsutrymme, processorkapacitet, och batteri. Denna rapport bygger vidare på tidigare rapporter som visar att minisip kan erbjuda en säker kommunikationsplattform med de senaste funktionerna som önskas i mobila VoIPsystem. De flesta av dessa tidigare rapporter baseras på system med få begränsningar rörande resurser såsom stationära- eller bärbara datorer samt serverbaserade system. Denna rapports fokus är att utforska detta fall i en miljö med större begränsningar på resurser som till exempel en iPAQ.

Die elektrischen Mikrofeldverteilungen (EMDs) und ihre Auswüchse wurden in einkomponentiger (OCP) Elektron-, zweikomponentigen (TCP) Elektron-Positron-, Wasserstoff- und einwertig ionisierten Alkaliplasmen im Rahmen verschiedener Pseudopotentialmodelle (PM) untersucht und mit sowohl Molekulardynamik (MD) und Monte-Carlo Simulationen als auch mit Experimenten vergliechen. Die verwendeten theoretischen Verfahren zur Berechnung von EMDs gehen zurück auf die von C. A. Iglesias entwickelte Kopplungsparameter Integrationstechnik (KPIT) für OCP und die von J. Ortner et al. vorgeschlagene verallgemeinerte KPIT für TCP. EMDs wurden im Rahmen der abgeschirmten Kelbg-, Deutsch-, Hellmann-Gurskii-Krasko(HGK)-PM untersucht, welche quantenmechanische Effekte, Abschirmungseffekte und die Struktur der Ionenrümpfe (HGK) berücksichtigen. Die Abschirmungseffekte wurden auf Grundlage der Bogoljubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon- Methode eingeführt. Wir haben das abgeschirmte HGK-Pseudopotential in der Debye-Näherung sowie in einer mäßig gekoppelten Plasma-Näherung verwendet. Wir haben verschiedene Typen vom asymptotischen Verhalten der Verteilungsauswüchse in Abhangigheit von Plasmaparameter, Plasmatypen und Strahler bestimmt. Der Vergleich der experimentell gewonnenen Daten mit sowohl einem synthetischen Li2+-Lyman-Spektrum als auch mit einer synthetischen Li II 548 nm Linie lassen den Schluss zu, daß die EMD, welche auf der Grundlage der Iglesias-Methode für OCP im HGK-PM und der MD erhalten wurde, eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den experimentellen Werten liefert. Die statischen partiellen und Ladung-Ladung-Strukturfaktoren (SSF) wurden für Alkali- und Be2+-Plasmen unter Verwendung der von G. Gregori et al. beschriebenen Methode berechnet. Die dynamischen Strukturfaktoren (DSF) für Alkaliplasmen wurden unter Verwendung der durch V. M. Adamyan et al. entwickelten Methode der Momente berechnet. Bei beiden Methoden wurde das abgeschirmte HGK-Pseudopotential verwendet. / The electric microfield distributions (EMDs) and its tails have been studied for electron one-component plasma (OCP), electron-positron, hydrogen and single-ionized alkali two-component plasmas (TCP) in a frame of different pseudopotential models (PM) and compared with Molecular Dynamics (MD) and Monte-Carlo simulations as well as with experiments. The theoretical methods used for calculation of EMDs are a coupling-parameter integration technique (CPIT) developed by C. A. Iglesias for OCP and the generalized CPIT proposed by J. Ortner et al. for TCP. We studied the EMDs in a frame of the screened Kelbg, Deutsch, Hellmann-Gurskii-Krasko (HGK) PMs which take into account quantum-mechanical, screening effects and the ion shell structure (HGK) due to the Pauli exclusion principle. The screening effects were introduced on a base of Bogoljubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon method. We used the screened HGK pseudopotential in the Debye approximation as well as in a moderately coupled plasma approximation. The influence of the plasma coupling parameter on the EMD along with the ion shell structure was investigated. We determined different types of asymptotic behaviour of EMD tails in dependence on the plasma type, parameters and radiator. Comparison of a synthetic Li2+ Lyman spectrum as well as comparison of a synthetic Li II 548 nm line with experimental data allows us to conclude that the EMD, obtained on a base of the CPIT method for OCP within the HGK PM and MD, provides a good agreement with the experiment. We have calculated the partial and charge-charge static structure factors (SSF) for alkali and Be2+ plasmas using the method described by G. Gregori et al.. We have calculated the dynamic structure factors (DSF) for alkali plasmas using the method of moments developed by V. M. Adamyan et al. In both methods the screened HGK pseudopotential has been used.

科学研究費補助金 研究種目:一般研究(B) 課題番号:01470008 研究代表者:平尾 公彦 研究期間:1989-1990年度