Em uma parcela permanente de 10,24 ha na Floresta Pluvial Atlântica Submontana do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (Sete Barras, SP, Brasil), este estudo teve o intuito de descrever o regime de distúrbio do dossel e avaliar a regeneração natural sob diferentes regimes de luz. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento de todas as clareiras da parcela, que foram mensuradas e tiveram sua idade aproximada estimada. Em seguida, foram instaladas 42 parcelas de 10x10m para avaliar a regeneração natural em três regimes luminosos: dossel contínuo (18 parcelas), clareiras pequenas a médias (11) e clareiras grandes com abundância de Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth (13). O regime de luz foi caracterizado por fotografias hemisféricas tomadas ao centro das parcelas. O estudo da regeneração natural foi divido em: estrato herbáceo (i.e., ervas menores que um metro de altura), avaliado através da cobertura do solo estimada pelo método de interceptação de linha; e estrato arbustivo, avaliado através dos indivíduos com altura maior que 1m, e com diâmetro à altura do peito menor que 5cm. Para estes indivíduos anotou-se a espécie, diâmetro, altura total e área de copa, além da presença de partes reprodutivas e substrato de germinação. Informações sobre hábito, grupo sucessional e síndrome de dispersão das espécies também foram obtidas. Após um ano, uma reavaliação permitiu analisar a mortalidade, danos, recrutamento e crescimento. Apesar de 67% das clareiras terem sido menores que 150 m2 , o regime de distúrbio foi atípico, principalmente pela contribuição de clareiras maiores que 750 m2 , e pela área média e total que variaram respectivamente de 419 a 799 m2 , e de 26 a 49%, dependendo do método de delimitação de clareira. A densidade foi de 6 clareiras.ha -1 e a taxa de recorrência variou entre 91 e 220 anos, dependendo dos métodos. Houve diferença significativa entre os ambientes para a maioria dos índices de luz, especialmente para a radiação total incidente com médias entre 909 e 2.400 mols.m-2.ano-1. Observou-se diferença significativa entre ambientes na cobertura por ervas, porém os resultados variaram entre espécies. No estrato arbustivo, houve diferença significativa na composição e abundância das espécies, inclusive entre clareiras médias e sub-bosque. A densidade de ervas e arbustos foi maior nos ambientes mais iluminados, assim como a densidade de pioneiras e secundárias iniciais. O recrutamento em um ano (16%) apresentou diferenças nos ambientes, com 63% dos recrutas apenas nas grandes clareiras. O mesmo não ocorreu com a taxa de mortalidade cujas principais causas foram os danos físicos e dessecamento. Para os 13% de indivíduos danificados em um ano, houve destaque para danos ligados à extração de palmito. Apenas os danos físicos naturais apresentaram diferença entre ambientes, com grandes clareiras sendo as mais danosas. No geral e entre as 25 espécies avaliadas separadamente, houve uma tendência de crescimento maior com o aumento da incidência luminosa. Clareiras pequenas a médias tiveram significativamente maior riqueza, diversidade e menor dominância de espécies que o sub-bosque. Clareiras grandes com bambu tiveram menor riqueza e diversidade, mas contribuíram com a manutenção da diversidade beta da parcela permanente. / In a 10.24 ha permanent plot of Tropical Lower Montane Atlantic Rain Forest in the Carlos Botelho State Park (Sete Barras, SP, Brazil), this study aimed to describe the canopy disturbance regime and to assess natural regeneration under different light regimes. In order to do so, the plot was completely surveyed for canopy gaps that were measured and had their approximate age estimated. Then, 42 10x10 m plots were established to evaluate natural regeneration under three light regimes: understory (18 plots), small to medium canopy gaps (11 plots) and large gaps abundant in Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth (13 plots). The light regime was characterized through hemispherical photographs taken at each plot center. Natural regeneration was dived into: herb stratum (i.e., herbs below one meter in height) assessed through soil coverage using the line intercept method; and shrub stratum or all plant individuals taller than one meter high and thinner than 5 cm in diameter at breast height. All individuals were identified to species and measured for diameter, height, crown height and area, besides notes on the presence of reproductive structures and germination substrate. Information on growth form, dispersal syndrome and ecological group were also obtained for each species. After one year, one reevaluation was made to assess mortality, damages, recruitment and growth. Although 67% of gaps were smaller than 150 m2 , the plot disturbance regime was atypical mainly by the contribution of gaps bigger than 750 m2 and by the average and total gap area that varied respectively from 419 to 799 m2 , and from 26 to 49% depending on the gap delimitation method. Gap density was 6 gaps.ha-1 and the turnover rate varied from 91 to 220 years depending on the gap method employed. There was significant difference between environments among the light index, especially for total incident radiation with means varying from 909 and 2,400 mols.m-2.y-1. It was found significant differences on herb soil coverage between environments, although the results varied among species. In the shrub stratum, species composition and abundance was significantly different, even between small to medium canopy gaps and the understorey. Herb and shrub densities were bigger in the more enlightened environments, as well as pioneer and early secondary species densities. Recruitment over the year (16%) was different between environments with large gaps accounting for 63% of all recruits. Similar difference was not found for mortality rate that had physical damage and desiccation as main death causes. Amid the 13% of damage individuals in the course of one year, there was noticeable contribution of damages linked to illegal extraction of palm-heart. Differences between environments were present only for physical damages with large gaps being the most damaging environment. In general and among the 25 species evaluated separately, there was a tendency of bigger growth with enhancement in light incidence. Small to medium gaps had significantly higher species richness and diversity, and lower dominance compared to the understorey. Large gaps had lower richness and diversity, but they contributed to maintain beta diversity of the permanent plot.

Abstract An experimental method was developed that demonstrated the size effects in forming thin sheet metals, and a finite element model was developed to predict the effects demonstrated by the experiment. A universal testing machine (UTM) was used to form aluminum and copper of varying thicknesses (less than 1mm) into a hemispherical dome. A stereolithography additive manufacturing technology was used to fabricate the punch and die from a UV curing resin. There was agreement between the experimental and numerical models. The results showed that geometric size effects were significant for both materials, and these effects increased as the thickness of the sheets decreased. The demonstration presents an inexpensive method of testing small-scale size effects in forming processes, which can be altered easily to produce different shapes and clearances.

Em uma parcela permanente de 10,24 ha na Floresta Pluvial Atlântica Submontana do Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho (Sete Barras, SP, Brasil), este estudo teve o intuito de descrever o regime de distúrbio do dossel e avaliar a regeneração natural sob diferentes regimes de luz. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento de todas as clareiras da parcela, que foram mensuradas e tiveram sua idade aproximada estimada. Em seguida, foram instaladas 42 parcelas de 10x10m para avaliar a regeneração natural em três regimes luminosos: dossel contínuo (18 parcelas), clareiras pequenas a médias (11) e clareiras grandes com abundância de Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth (13). O regime de luz foi caracterizado por fotografias hemisféricas tomadas ao centro das parcelas. O estudo da regeneração natural foi divido em: estrato herbáceo (i.e., ervas menores que um metro de altura), avaliado através da cobertura do solo estimada pelo método de interceptação de linha; e estrato arbustivo, avaliado através dos indivíduos com altura maior que 1m, e com diâmetro à altura do peito menor que 5cm. Para estes indivíduos anotou-se a espécie, diâmetro, altura total e área de copa, além da presença de partes reprodutivas e substrato de germinação. Informações sobre hábito, grupo sucessional e síndrome de dispersão das espécies também foram obtidas. Após um ano, uma reavaliação permitiu analisar a mortalidade, danos, recrutamento e crescimento. Apesar de 67% das clareiras terem sido menores que 150 m2 , o regime de distúrbio foi atípico, principalmente pela contribuição de clareiras maiores que 750 m2 , e pela área média e total que variaram respectivamente de 419 a 799 m2 , e de 26 a 49%, dependendo do método de delimitação de clareira. A densidade foi de 6 clareiras.ha -1 e a taxa de recorrência variou entre 91 e 220 anos, dependendo dos métodos. Houve diferença significativa entre os ambientes para a maioria dos índices de luz, especialmente para a radiação total incidente com médias entre 909 e 2.400 mols.m-2.ano-1. Observou-se diferença significativa entre ambientes na cobertura por ervas, porém os resultados variaram entre espécies. No estrato arbustivo, houve diferença significativa na composição e abundância das espécies, inclusive entre clareiras médias e sub-bosque. A densidade de ervas e arbustos foi maior nos ambientes mais iluminados, assim como a densidade de pioneiras e secundárias iniciais. O recrutamento em um ano (16%) apresentou diferenças nos ambientes, com 63% dos recrutas apenas nas grandes clareiras. O mesmo não ocorreu com a taxa de mortalidade cujas principais causas foram os danos físicos e dessecamento. Para os 13% de indivíduos danificados em um ano, houve destaque para danos ligados à extração de palmito. Apenas os danos físicos naturais apresentaram diferença entre ambientes, com grandes clareiras sendo as mais danosas. No geral e entre as 25 espécies avaliadas separadamente, houve uma tendência de crescimento maior com o aumento da incidência luminosa. Clareiras pequenas a médias tiveram significativamente maior riqueza, diversidade e menor dominância de espécies que o sub-bosque. Clareiras grandes com bambu tiveram menor riqueza e diversidade, mas contribuíram com a manutenção da diversidade beta da parcela permanente. / In a 10.24 ha permanent plot of Tropical Lower Montane Atlantic Rain Forest in the Carlos Botelho State Park (Sete Barras, SP, Brazil), this study aimed to describe the canopy disturbance regime and to assess natural regeneration under different light regimes. In order to do so, the plot was completely surveyed for canopy gaps that were measured and had their approximate age estimated. Then, 42 10x10 m plots were established to evaluate natural regeneration under three light regimes: understory (18 plots), small to medium canopy gaps (11 plots) and large gaps abundant in Guadua tagoara (Nees) Kunth (13 plots). The light regime was characterized through hemispherical photographs taken at each plot center. Natural regeneration was dived into: herb stratum (i.e., herbs below one meter in height) assessed through soil coverage using the line intercept method; and shrub stratum or all plant individuals taller than one meter high and thinner than 5 cm in diameter at breast height. All individuals were identified to species and measured for diameter, height, crown height and area, besides notes on the presence of reproductive structures and germination substrate. Information on growth form, dispersal syndrome and ecological group were also obtained for each species. After one year, one reevaluation was made to assess mortality, damages, recruitment and growth. Although 67% of gaps were smaller than 150 m2 , the plot disturbance regime was atypical mainly by the contribution of gaps bigger than 750 m2 and by the average and total gap area that varied respectively from 419 to 799 m2 , and from 26 to 49% depending on the gap delimitation method. Gap density was 6 gaps.ha-1 and the turnover rate varied from 91 to 220 years depending on the gap method employed. There was significant difference between environments among the light index, especially for total incident radiation with means varying from 909 and 2,400 mols.m-2.y-1. It was found significant differences on herb soil coverage between environments, although the results varied among species. In the shrub stratum, species composition and abundance was significantly different, even between small to medium canopy gaps and the understorey. Herb and shrub densities were bigger in the more enlightened environments, as well as pioneer and early secondary species densities. Recruitment over the year (16%) was different between environments with large gaps accounting for 63% of all recruits. Similar difference was not found for mortality rate that had physical damage and desiccation as main death causes. Amid the 13% of damage individuals in the course of one year, there was noticeable contribution of damages linked to illegal extraction of palm-heart. Differences between environments were present only for physical damages with large gaps being the most damaging environment. In general and among the 25 species evaluated separately, there was a tendency of bigger growth with enhancement in light incidence. Small to medium gaps had significantly higher species richness and diversity, and lower dominance compared to the understorey. Large gaps had lower richness and diversity, but they contributed to maintain beta diversity of the permanent plot.

The master thesis is focused on the field of heat exchangers. Theoretical part makes the reader familiar with heat exchangers. Practical part is focused on design of chamber, which is part of heat exchanger. Practical part consists of strength calculation by standard ČSN EN 13445. Dimensions of tube sheet are gained in program Visual vessel design. Those parameters are used for creating of 3D model with accurate dimensions which is analyzed in ANSYS Workbench. Output of this analysis is evaluation by stress classification. Practical part is supplemented by drawing of heat exchanger.

Orientador: Antonio Maria Garcia Tommaselli / Resumo: A combinação de duas lentes com FOV hiper-hemisférico em posição opostas pode gerar um sistema omnidirecional (FOV 360°) leve, compacto e de baixo custo, como Ricoh Theta S e GoPro Fusion. Entretanto, apenas algumas técnicas e modelos matemáticos para a calibração um sistema com duas lentes hiper-hemisféricas são apresentadas na literatura. Nesta pesquisa, é avaliado e definido um modelo geométrico para calibração de sistemas omnidirecionais compostos por duas lentes hiper-hemisféricas e apresenta-se algumas aplicações com esse tipo de sistema. A calibração das câmaras foi realizada no programa CMC (calibração de múltiplas câmeras) utilizando imagens obtidas a partir de vídeos feitos com a câmara Ricoh Theta S no campo de calibração 360°. A câmara Ricoh Theta S é composto por duas lentes hiper-hemisféricas fisheye que cobrem 190° cada uma. Com o objetivo de avaliar as melhorias na utilização de pontos em comum entre as imagens, dois conjuntos de dados de pontos foram considerados: (1) apenas pontos no campo hemisférico, e (2) pontos em todo o campo de imagem (isto é, adicionar pontos no campo de imagem hiper-hemisférica). Primeiramente, os modelos ângulo equisólido, equidistante, estereográfico e ortogonal combinados com o modelo de distorção Conrady-Brown foram testados para a calibração de um sensor da câmara Ricoh Theta S. Os modelos de ângulo-equisólido e estereográfico apresentaram resultados melhores do que os outros modelos. Portanto, esses dois modelos de projeção for... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The arrangement of two hyper-hemispherical fisheye lenses in opposite position can design a light weight, small and low-cost omnidirectional system (360° FOV), e.g. Ricoh Theta S and GoPro Fusion. However, only a few techniques are presented in the literature to calibrate a dual-fisheye system. In this research, a geometric model for dual-fisheye system calibration was evaluated, and some applications with this type of system are presented. The calibrating bundle adjustment was performed in CMC (calibration of multiple cameras) software by using the Ricoh Theta video frames of the 360° calibration field. The Ricoh Theta S system is composed of two hyper-hemispherical fisheye lenses with 190° FOV each one. In order to evaluate the improvement in applying points in the hyper-hemispherical image field, two data set of points were considered: (1) observations that are only in the hemispherical field, and (2) points in all image field, i.e. adding points in the hyper-hemispherical image field. First, one sensor of the Ricoh Theta S system was calibrated in a bundle adjustment based on the equidistant, equisolid-angle, stereographic and orthogonal models combined with Conrady-Brown distortion model. Results showed that the equisolid-angle and stereographic models can provide better solutions than those of the others projection models. Therefore, these two projection models were implemented in a simultaneous camera calibration, in which the both Ricoh Theta sensors were considered i... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

This thesis presents research towards enabling micromachined millimeter and submillimeter wave focal plane arrays (FPAs). The FPAs operate under the following principle: a switch network consisting of microelectromechanical (MEMS) switches, integrated with micromachined waveguides, is used to feed an array of antenna elements, located in the focal plane of a high-gain quasi-optical system. Hence, it is possible to switch between a set of narrow beams in different directions. Such beam steering systems are needed for future millimeter and submillimeter wave imaging and communication systems. The contributions to future MEMS-switchable FPAs presented here are organized in three papers, as described below. Paper I presents a criterion on the spacing between adjacent FPA elements which results in -3 dB overlap between the switched beams, for the special case when an extended hemispherical dielectric lens is used as the optical system. A key step towards this criterion is a closed-form relation between the scan angle and the FPA element's position, which results in an expression for the effective focal length of extended hemispherical lenses. A comparison with full-wave simulations demonstrates an excellent agreement with the presented theoretical results. Finally, it is shown that the maximum feasible FPA spacing when using an extended hemispherical lens is about 0.7 wavelengths. Paper II presents a numerical study of silicon-micromachined planar extended hemispherical lenses, with up to three matching regions used to reduce internal reflections. The effective permittivity of the matching regions is tailor-made by etching periodic holes in the silicon wafer. The optimal thickness and permittivity of the matching regions were determined using TRF optimization, in order to yield the maximum wide-band aperture efficiency and small side-lobes. We introduce a new matching region geometry, referred to as shifted-type matching regions, and it is demonstrated that using three shifted-type matching regions results in twice as large aperture efficiency as compared to using three conventional concentric-type matching regions. Paper III presents a submillimeter-wave single-pole single-throw (SPST) 500-750 GHz MEMS waveguide switch, based on a MEMS-reconfigurable surface inserted between two waveguide flanges. A detailed design parameter study is carried out to select the best combination of the number of horizontal bars and vertical columns of the MEMS-reconfigurable surface, for achieving a low insertion loss in the transmissive state and a high isolation in the blocking state. A method is presented to model the non-ideal electrical contacts between the vertical cantilevers of the MEMS surface, with an excellent agreement between the simulated and measured isolation. It is shown that the isolation can be improved by replacing an ohmic contact by a new, capacitive contact. The measured isolation of the switch prototype is better than 19 dB and the measured insertion loss is between 2.5 and 3 dB. / Denna avhandling presenterar forskning som syftar till att möjliggöra fokalplans-gruppantenner (FPAs) för våglängder i millimeter och submillimeterområdet. Principen för en sådan FPAs funktion är följande: ett nätverk bestående av mikroelektromekaniska (MEMS) switchar, används för att välja mellan de olika antenn-elementen i en gruppantenn, som placerats i fokalplanet av ett optiskt system. Därmed blir det möjligt att välja från en uppsättning av smala lober i olika riktningar. Sådana lob-styrningssystem behövs för framtida radar- och kommunikationssystem i millimeter och submillimeterområdet. Resultaten är uppdelade i tre vetenskapliga artiklar, som beskrivs nedan. I den första artikeln (Paper I) presenteras ett villkor för avståndet mellan närliggande FPA-element som resulterar i -3 dB överlappning mellan de switchade loberna, för specialfallet då en förlängd hemisfärisk lins används som optiskt system. Det viktigaste steget mot att hitta detta villkor är att bestämma en analytisk relation mellan avsökningsvinkeln och FPA-elementens position. Detta resulterar i ett uttryck för den effektiva fokallängden för denna typ av lins. En utmärkt överensstämelse har funnits mellan dessa relationer och simuleringar. Slutligen visas det att de största möjliga FPA-avstånden för en förlängd hemisfärisk lins är ungefär 0.7 våglängder, vilket uppnås för linser med låg permittivitet. I den andra artikeln (Paper II) presenteras en numerisk studie av plana förlängda hemisfäriska linser, som kan produceras från en kiselskiva. Linserna har upp till tre matchningsregioner, som används för att reducera interna reflektioner. Den effektiva permittiviteten av de matchande regionerna skräddarsys genom etsning av periodiska hål i kiselskivan. Den optimala tjockleken och permittiviteten av de matchande regionerna har bestämts med hjälp av TRF-optimering, för att ge maximal bredbandig direktivitet och minimala sidlober. En ny geometri introduceras för matchningsregionerna, som vi kallar matchningsregioner av skiftad typ. Vi visar att användning av tre matchningsregioner av skiftad typ resulterar i en dubbelt så hög apertur-effektivitet, jämfört med att använda tre konventionella matchningsregioner av koncentrisk typ. I den tredje artikeln (Paper III) presenteras en MEMS-switch för rektangulära vågledare, för frekvensområdet 500-750 GHz. Baserat på en designparameterstudie har den bästa kombinationen av antalet horisontella rader och vertikala kolumner hos den MEMS-konfigurerbara ytan valts ut, för att uppnå låga förluster i det öppna tillståndet och hög isolation i det blockerande tillståndet. I artikeln presenteras en metod för att modellera icke-perfekta elektriska kontakter mellan de fixerade och de rörliga delarna i MEMS-ytan. Denna metod uppvisar en utmärkt överensstämmelse mellan den simulerade och den uppmätta isolationen. Vi visara att isolationen kan förbättras med hjälp av en ny typ av kapacitiv kontakt. Den uppmätta isolationen hos den presenterade switch-prototypen är högre än 19 dB, och den uppmätta förlusten är mellan 2.5 och 3 dB. / <p>QC 20161206</p>

No description available.

Gyroscopes are inertial sensors that measure the rate or angle of rotation. One of the most promising technologies for reaching a high-performance MEMS gyroscope has been development of the micro-hemispherical shell resonator. (μHSR) This thesis presents the electronic control and read-out interface that has been developed to turn the μHSR into a fully functional micro-hemispherical resonating gyroscope (μHRG) capable of measuring the rate of rotation. First, the μHSR was characterized, which both enabled the design of the interface and led to new insights into the linearity and feed-through characteristics of the μHSR. Then a detailed analysis of the rate mode interface including calculations and simulations was performed. This interface was then implemented on custom printed circuit boards for both the analog front-end and analog back-end, along with a custom on-board vacuum chamber and chassis to house the μHSR and interface electronics. Finally the performance of the rate mode gyroscope interface was characterized, showing a linear scale factor of 8.57 mv/deg/s, an angle random walk (ARW) of 34 deg/sqrt(hr) and a bias instability of 330 deg/hr.

Ce travail porte sur le développement de nouvelles méthodes de caractérisation in-situ basées sur les spectroscopies électroniques XPS et MM-EPES associées à des calculs théoriques obtenus grâce à des simulations Monte-Carlo afin de réaliser des études quantitatives fines et précises. La première partie de ce travail, a été consacrée à l’analyse quantitative de signaux XPS et MM-EPES. Pour cela, dans un premier temps, la fonction de correction de l’analyseur hémisphérique (HSA) qui est une combinaison de l’aire d’analyse (A) et de la transmission (T) a été déterminée en utilisant une nouvelle méthode basée sur des images élastiques. Pour la première fois, la dépendance de A en énergie cinétique des électrons a été mise en évidence. Avec l’utilisation de cette nouvelle fonction, une méthode de caractérisation in situ basée sur la modélisation théorique des signaux XPS et MM-EPES a été développée. Cette méthode a permis d’étudier le dépôt d’un film d’or sur un substrat de silicium oxydé et a montré une grande précision dans le cas de très faibles quantités de matière déposée (< 2 nm) alors que les techniques microscopiques classiques se sont révélées inefficaces. La deuxième partie a porté sur le développement d’une nouvelle technique d’imagerie in-situ appelé MM-EPEM qui consiste à scanner la surface par un faisceau d’électrons et de collecter les électrons rétrodiffusés élastiquement afin de construire une image en intensité de la surface. Les étapes d’obtention des images MM-EPEM et les procédures d’exploitation de ces dernières ont été décrites et optimisées. Ensuite, cette technique a été utilisée pour l’étude de l’état de surface de dépôts d’or sur différents substrats. Cette technique s’avère être non destructive et très sensible aux éléments présents à la surface. Et elle permet de déterminer la cartographie chimique et la nano-organisation de la surface. / This thesis focuses on the development of new in-situ methods of characterization based on the electron spectroscopies (XPS and EPES) coupled with theoretical calculations obtained through Monte-Carlo simulations in order to perform very precise quantitative studies. The first part of this thesis was devoted to quantitative studies of XPS and MM-EPES measurements. Firstly, the correction function of a hemispherical analyzer (HSA) which is a combination of the analysis area (A) and the transmission (T) was determined using a new method based on the elastic images. For the first time, the dependence of A on the kinetic energy of electrons was highlighted. Using this function, an in-situ method based on the combination of XPS and MM-EPES modeling was setting up. This method was used to determine the organization of gold film deposed on oxidized silicon substrate. Measurements show that this method is able to determine surface parameters when the microscopy techniques do not give any information in the case of a small quantity of gold deposit (less than 2 nm). The second part of this work was directed towards developing a new generation of microscopy called MM-EPEM which is based on the detection of elastic electrons. The stages required to obtain these images are well described and optimized here. The MM-EPEM images processing was used to study gold growth on different substrates. This technique is a non-destructive method and allows the operator to construct chemical tomography and to determine the nano-organization of the surface.

Forests can be considered as one of the most important Earth's ecosystems not only because of oxygen production and carbon sequestration via photosynthesis, but also as a source of many natural resources (such as wood) and as a habitat of many specific plants and animals. Monitoring of forest health status is thus crucial activity for keeping all production and ecosystem functions of forests. The main aim of the thesis is development of an alternative approach for forest health status based on airborne hyperspectral data (HyMap) analysis supported by field sampling. The proposed approach tries to use similar vegetation parameters which are used in case of the current methods of forest health status assessment based on field inspections. It is believed that importance of such new methods will significantly increase in the time when the planned satellite hyperspectral missions (e.g. EnMap) will move into operational phase. The developed forest health monitoring approach is practically demonstrated on mature Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst) forests of the Sokolov lignite basin which were affected by long-term coal mining and heavy industry and therefore high variability of forest health status was assumed in this case. Two leaf level radiative transfer models were used for simulating spectral...