Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 22, 2007). Directed by Christopher Hodgkins and Scott Romine; submitted to the Dept. of English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-30, p. 59-64).

Texte remanié de: Diss.--Seattle (Wash.)--University of Washington. / Bibliogr. p. [340]-347. Index.

This thesis examines the international thought of Sir Herbert Butterfield, Arnold J. Toynbee and Martin Wight, commonly portrayed in International Relations as 'realist', 'revolutionist' and 'rationalist' thinkers respectively. Their thought is reconsidered in terms of what they each perceived to be a crisis in the international realm. This perception, it is argued, shaped their distinctive understandings of the contemporary and future state of international relations. In contrast to many of their peers, Butterfield, Toynbee and Wight turned to religion and to history to aid their comprehension of the challenges that international crisis posed, and to help them form and articulate their desired practical responses. This thesis explores in detail both the religious beliefs of each man and their understandings of the nature of the past and historical knowledge, seeking to offer a view of the foundations of their international thought. In the second half, their diagnoses of international crisis are explored, and the responses they put forward to ameliorate it. It is argued that Butterfield, Toynbee and Wight are best not understood as 'realist', 'revolutionist' and 'rationalist', and it is asserted that such categories, far from aiding our understanding of the history of international thought, serve to obscure the nature of each man's work in the field.

At the center of this thesis are seven psalms, commonly known as the Penitential Psalms. The Penitential Psalms were often used in connection to corporeal expressions of the sacrament, and though sacramental practices changed, they retained this association, and even became a catalyst for literary change and experimentation. In this thesis, I will show how these psalms were connected to the sacrament of penance throughout the medieval period, and well into the religiously tumultuous sixteenth century. This thesis explores four texts that take up the Penitential Psalms, adapting, refashioning, and reappropriating them to be used in different ways. The Introduction outlines the history of the Penitential Psalms and their interconnectedness with sacramental theology and practice; it further establishes the cultural and theoretical context within which the four examined texts must be considered. These sacramental ties with the Penitential Psalms are not found only in theological writings, but they also infused lay practice and experience, as I will show in Chapter One, where I examine the staunchly Protestant Actes and Monuments by John Foxe. Additionally, I argue that Foxe's accounts of Marian martyrs point to Psalm 51 both as a text of protest and memorialization. Chapter Two then moves to Sir Thomas Wyatt's A Paraphrase of the Penitential Psalms; there I examine the presence of the male body within the work, placing the text within the setting of a visual history that illustrates David's illicit desire for Bathsheba. With this tradition in mind, I examine trajectories of ocularity within the narrative, tracing the redirection of sexual desire. Anne Lock's Meditation of a Pentient Sinner is the center of Chapter Three. Meditation, when considered in relation to the dedicatory epistle, reveals connections to the standardized penitential process, and I argue that Lock presents a modified form of repentance to her reader. The final chapter looks at The Sidney Psalter's Penitential Psalms, which reveal an incoherent view of the penitential body merging with the body of the dead war-hero, Philip. It is within this penitential affect that the penitent displays and partitions his or her own body slipping into an otherness predicated by sin.

A presente dissertação investiga os limites do Direito, em seus sentidos normativo e descritivo, segundo a Filosofia do Direito de Herbert Hart,com foco nos conceitos de derrotabilidade, vagueza e textura aberta. Mostra que o Direito é permeado por uma indeterminação relativa, resultante da indeterminação da linguagem ordinária e dos limites da cognição humana, temas que estão implicados no problema filosófico clássico da adequação das regras gerais a casos particulares. Objetiva mostrar que o quadro conceitual desenvolvido por Hart dá conta de explicar, adequadamente, a relação entre o Direito, a linguagem e as exceções às regras e ao raciocínio jurídico, esclarecendo a atividade judicial de aplicação do Direito. Conclui que esta indeterminação não é um problema para o positivismo jurídico hartiano, tampouco é incompatível com o ideal do Estado de Direito, dada sua concepção de poder discricionário, restrito aos casos de penumbra e constrangido pelo significado dos termos gerais, que é extraído do contexto da comunidade lingüística relevante, dos objetivos sociais do ordenamento jurídico, bem como da finalidade das regras e das consequências de sua aplicação. / This dissertation investigates the limits of law, in its normative and descriptive sense, according to Herbert Hart’s Philosophy of Law, focusing on his concepts of defeasibility, vagueness and open texture. It shows that law is permeated by a relative indeterminacy, due to ordinary language indeterminacy and to the limits of human cognition, issues implicated in the problem of the adequacy of general rules to particular cases. It aims to show that the conceptual framework developed by Hart is able to correctly explain the relation between law, language and the exceptions to legal rules and legal reasoning, turning light into judicial adjudication. It concludes that legal indeterminacy is not a problem to Hart’s legal positivism, neither incompatible to the ideal of the Rule of Law, given his conception of discretion, restricted to penumbral cases and constrained by the meaning of general terms, extracted from the context of the relevant linguistic community, by the social aims of the legal system and by the purpose of the rules and the consequences of their application.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-10-29. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:18:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000851163.pdf: 390235 bytes, checksum: fd2f166888fbb828a75627fd8406c365 (MD5) / Esta dissertação tem como objetivo analisar o legado do pensamento dialético de Hegel para a Teoria Crítica, e como esta se apropria do conceito de negatividade enquanto um método para a superação das antinomias inerentes à sociedade capitalista, a partir do tema da Filosofia da História, tentando responder a seguinte questão: qual é a importância da negatividade hegeliana na teoria crítica de Marcuse? Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa procurou considerar todo um quadro contextual que apreende o objeto e o ultrapassa. A partir da análise da Filosofia da História de Hegel observou-se certa proximidade dos conceitos por este desenvolvidos com os utilizados pela Teoria Crítica, alguns intermediados pelo materialismo histórico de Marx. Tal proximidade tornou-se mais evidente na análise do texto Razão e Revolução de Marcuse. Como se supôs que a leitura de Marcuse do sistema de Hegel não desconsidera a própria crítica de Marx ao sistema filosófico de seu mestre, isso exigiu que a pesquisa considerasse também o pensamento de Marx para avaliar melhor como ocorreu a apropriação marcuseana de algumas categorias hegelianas. / This thesis aims to analyse the legacy of dialectical thought of Hegel to Critical Theory, and how it appropriates the concept of negativity as a method to overcome the antinomies inherent in capitalist society, based on the theme of Philosophy of History so trying to answer the following question: what is the importance of Hegelian negativity in Marcuse's critical theory? In methodological terms, this research sought to consider a whole contextual framework that captures the object and beyond. From the analysis of Hegel's Philosophy of History was observed near some of the concepts developed in this with those used by Critical Theory, some mediated by the historical materialism of Marx. This closeness has become more evident in the analysis of the Marcuse's Reason and Revolution text. As it was assumed that the reading of Marcuse's Hegelian system does not ignore Marx's own critique of the philosophical system of his master, demanded that this research should also considered the thought of Marx in order to better assess how the Marcuse was the appropriation of Hegelian categories.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-01-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:34:00Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 inada_jf_me_mar.pdf: 397464 bytes, checksum: 62ff18859e480baa58def41e86b5337b (MD5) / Esta pesquisa apresenta um exame crítico do conceito de felicidade em Freud, confrontando-o com o de Marcuse. Na acepção freudiana, felicidade refere-se, por um lado, à realização do programa do princípio de prazer, ou seja, retorno ao inanimado e, por outro, ao desvio da finalidade original das pulsões e domínio racional destas. Em Eros e Civilização, tomando como interlocutores Freud e Marx, Marcuse especula sobre a hipótese de uma civilização não-repressiva. A felicidade é conceituada como a satisfação das verdadeiras necessidades de todos os homens em um contexto de liberdade. A partir desta concepção, analisam-se as críticas e as particularidades do pensamento de Marcuse visando a mostrar que, embora a problemática exposta do ponto de vista de uma leitura ortodoxa de Freud seja pertinente, o conceito de felicidade, para ser compreendido e revelar seu potencial crítico, requer uma análise que contemple a inserção da psicanálise no campo da dialética empreendida por Marcuse / This research shows a critical examination on the concept of happiness according to Freud, face up to Marcuse. In Freudian meaning, happiness refers, on one side, to the accomplishment of pleasure principle program, that is, return to the inanimate and, on the other side, to the deviation from the original purpose of that and rational domain. In Eros and Civilization, by having as interlocutors Freud and Marx, Marcuse speculates about the hypothesis of a non-repressive civilization. Happiness is defined as the real needs of all men in a context of freedom. From these conceptions, the criticism and particularities of Marcuse`s thought were analyzed aiming to show that, although the problem exposed from the point of view of an orthodox reading of Freud, the concept of happiness, in order to be understood and reveal its critical potential, requires an analysis which contemplates the insertion of the psychoanalysis in the field of dialectics undertaken by Marcuse

Orientadora : Profª. Drª. Adriana Sbicca Fernandes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciencias Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa : Curitiba, 31/03/2017 / Inclui referências : f. 102-107 / Resumo: A racionalidade limitada de Herbert Simon traz para a economia uma abordagem para a tomada de decisão individual que incorpora elementos da estrutura cognitiva humana e do ambiente complexo, levando o enfoque para o processo de tomada de decisão. Porém, apresenta dificuldades no entendimento motivacional do indivíduo. Os trabalhos de Amartya Sen relacionados à racionalidade e escolha individual apresentam a proposta de existir múltiplas motivações ligadas à identidade do indivíduo. Assim, este trabalho propõe um rascunho de indivíduo baseado na racionalidade limitada de Herbert Simon enriquecida pela estrutura motivacional de Amartya Sen, o indivíduo Simon-seniano. O primeiro ensaio investiga como os dois autores entendem a tomada de decisão para identificar os principais elementos que as compõem. Neste ensaio é demonstrado que elas se baseiam na consideração do processo de decisão do indivíduo em interação com seu ambiente e aponta que a construção de indivíduo com múltiplos motivos para a escolha, na forma de múltiplos selves, pode contribuir para melhorar o arcabouço motivacional na abordagem da racionalidade limitada. O segundo ensaio foca em uma análise de compatibilidade entre as duas abordagens, a partir da qual é construído o conceito de indivíduo seguindo o critério de identidade de John Davis. O ensaio mostra que o indivíduo de Simon apresenta sua identidade fundamentalmente ligada às capacidades adaptativas em se lidar com o ambiente complexo no qual está inserido. Já o indivíduo de Sen, atende ao critério de identidade por sua escolha racional dependendo fundamentalmente da análise reflexiva que o capacita com a auto individuação. Sen propõe quatro selves com natureza motivacional distinta derivadas das relações de identidade que o indivíduo estabelece com o ambiente social: self-centered welfare, self-welfare goal, self-goal choice e commitments. Vemos que o indivíduo Simon-seniano, ao incorporar essa estrutura motivacional de Sen em um indivíduo com racionalidade limitada indica atender ao critério de identidade de Davis, visto que herda das duas construções dos autores as propriedades que o atendem. Além de ampliar o conceito de indivíduo para a racionalidade limitada, contribuindo para o entendimento das motivações para a tomada de decisão, esse rascunho de indivíduo proposto aponta caminhos para sua aplicação em modelos de simulação baseada em agente. Palavras-chave: Racionalidade Limitada. Indivíduo na economia. Motivação de escolha. / Abstract: Herbert Simon's bounded rationality is an approach to individual decision making that incorporates elements of individual's cognitive structure interaction in complex environments, emphasizing the decision-making process. However, Simon's concept of rationality does not include individual's motivational drives, which are an important aspect of human agency. The concept of motivations is developed in economics by Amartya Sen, who discuss rationality and individual choice and proposes a multiple motivations framework linked to the individual's identity. Therefore, this dissertation aim is to present a sketch of a concept of individual based on the limited rationality of Herbert Simon and enriched by the motivational structure of Amartya Sen - a Simon-Senian individual. In the first essay a review of these two authors understand the decision-making process is presented. The goal of this review is to identify the main elements that compose the decision-making process for Simon and Sen. It concludes that both of the authors base their considerations of individual decision-process in interaction with their environment and points out that the construction of individuals with multiple reasons for choosing in the form of multiple selves can contribute to improve the bounded rationality theories with a motivational framework. The second essay focuses on an analysis of the compatibility of the two approaches, from which is constructed a concept of individual which combine Simon's theory with Sen's concepts using the identity criterion of John Davis. First, the essay shows that the identity of Simon's concept of individual is fundamentally linked to the capacity to deal adaptively with the complex environment in which he is inserted. Second, it shows that Sen's concept of individual meets the criterion of identity for his rational choice depending fundamentally on its capacity of reflexive analysis that enables it to self-individuate. Sen proposes four selves, each one with a distinct motivational nature derived from the relationships between the identity that the individual establishes with its social environment: self-centered welfare, self-welfare goal, self-goal choice and commitments. It is suggested that a Simon-Senian individual, by incorporating the motivational structure of Sen within boundedly rational individual, satisfies Davis's criterion of identity, since it inherits from the concepts of both authors the properties that provide identity to a concept of individual. The development of the sketch of this concept of individual indicates further potential positive developments of the theory as well as the possibility of applications in agent-based simulation models. Key-words: Bounded Rationality. Individuals in Economics. Choice's motivations.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Luiz Repa / Dissertaçao (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Filosofia. Defesa: Curitiba, 28/06/2016 / Inclui referências : f. 74-80 / Área de concentração: Ètica e política / Resumo: Considerando a relevância da psicanálise freudiana na obra de Herbert Marcuse, trata-se de reconstruir três momentos da teoria crítica da sociedade engendrada pelo filósofo, apontando, por um lado, o estatuto da psicanálise em cada um deles, e, por outro, os seus limites e o seu legado a partir da perspectiva de uma conferência de Marcuse de 1963, A Obsolescência da Psicanálise, em que se afirma que a psicanálise estaria caduca. Para tanto, nos voltamos, sobretudo, para o modo como Marcuse aborda os temas da repressão na sociedade de capitalismo tardio, sobre a qual se debruçará, bem como as possibilidades de emancipação vislumbradas a partir da leitura ímpar e da historicização das categorias freudianas realizadas pelo filósofo. Palavras-chave: teoria crítica, psicanálise, repressão, emancipação. / Abstract: Considering the relevance of Freudian's psychoanalysis in the Herbert Marcuse's masterpiece, it is to rebuild three moments of society's critical theory engendered by the philosopher, registering, on the one hand , the psychoanalysis statute in each of them, and, by the other hand , the limits and the legacy from the perspective Marcuse's conference in 1963, Obsolescence of Psycho-Analysis, which affirms that psychoanalysis would be aged. For that, we turn especially to how Marcuse focuses the repression's themes in late capitalist society, on which will search as well as the emancipation possibilities glimpsed from the odd reading and Freudian categories's historicizing carried out by the philosopher. Key-words: critical theory, psychoanalysis, repression, emancipation

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1744.pdf: 1717734 bytes, checksum: 249178f462354b13819185df9f88a5a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / Herbert Marcuse was the author of a controversial critique of the thesis of the neutrality of technology and science, presented mainly in his book published in 1964, One-Dimensional Man: studies in the ideology of advanced industrial society. The aim of the work is an understanding of that critique, and it is divided into three parts. The first one deals with the influence that the philosophical discussions of the 1940 s and 1950 s had on the development of the theme in Marcuse s thought. The second part is a study of the origins of the critique of neutrality in texts written by Marcuse in his youth that brings to light the very peculiar way he articulates philosophy and Marxism, which in turn, as it is shown in the third part, leads to a severe criticism of the advanced industrial societies. The approach to technique, science and politics that follows from that double philosophic and social conception is the basis for the structuring of Marcuse s thought. / Herbert Marcuse foi autor de uma controversa crítica da idéia de neutralidade da técnica e da ciência, desenvolvida principalmente em seu livro de 1964 O Homem Unidimensional: estudos sobre a ideologia da sociedade industrial avançada. Com o objetivo de compreendêla realizamos neste trabalho um estudo em três partes. Na primeira, resgatamos a influência que o debate filosófico ao longo dos anos 40 e 50 teve sobre o desenvolvimento do tema no pensamento de Marcuse. Porém, numa segunda, buscamos nos próprios textos de juventude de Marcuse a gênese dessa crítica da neutralidade, o que permitiu apresentar o modo muito singular como ele articula filosofia e marxismo e que dá origem, tal como mostramos na terceira parte, a uma severa crítica das sociedades industriais avançadas. A abordagem da técnica e da ciência a partir desse duplo referencial filosófico e social revela a unidade entre técnica, ciência e política e possibilita expor as bases a partir das quais Marcuse estrutura seu pensamento.