Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PauloHAH_DISSERT.pdf: 4112425 bytes, checksum: ab842493afe72a340f238b1cac2bc18f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-24 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The Layered Double Hydroxides has become extremely promising materials due to its range of applications, easily obtained in the laboratory and reusability after calcination, so the knowledge regarding their properties is of utmost importance. In this study were synthesized layered double hydroxides of two systems, Mg-Al and Zn-Al, and such materials were analyzed with X-ray diffraction and, from these data, we determined the volume density, planar atomic density, size crystallite, lattice parameters, interplanar spacing and interlayer space available. Such materials were also subjected to thermogravimetric analysis reasons for heating 5, 10, 20 and 25 ? C / min to determine kinetic parameters for the formation of metaphases HTD and HTB based on theoretical models Ozawa, Flynn-Wall Starink and Model Free Kinetics. In addition, the layered double hydroxides synthesized in this working ratios were calcined heating 2.5 ? C / min and 20 ? C / min, and tested for adsorption of nitrate anion in aqueous solution batch system at time intervals 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h and 4h. Such calcined materials were also subjected to exposure to the atmosphere and at intervals of 1 week, 2 weeks and 1 month were analyzed by infrared spectroscopy to study the kinetics of regeneration determining structural called "memory effect" / Os Hidr?xidos Duplos Lamelares tem se tornado materiais extremamente promissores devido a sua gama de aplica??es, f?cil obten??o em laborat?rio e a possibilidade de reutiliza??o ap?s calcina??o, portanto o conhecimento referente ? suas propriedades ? de extrema relev?ncia. Neste estudo foram sintetizados hidr?xidos duplos lamelares de dois sistemas, Mg-Al e Zn-Al, e tais materiais foram submetidos a an?lise com difra??o de raios X e, a partir de tais dados, foram determinados a densidade volum?trica, densidade at?mica planar, tamanho do cristalito, par?metros de rede cristalina, dist?ncia interplanar e espa?o interlamelar dispon?vel. Tais materiais tamb?m foram submetidos ? an?lise termogravim?trica em raz?es de aquecimento de 5, 10, 20 e 25 ?C/min para determina??o de par?metros cin?ticos durante a forma??o das metafases HTD e HTB com base nos modelos te?ricos de Ozawa, Flynn-Wall, Starink e Model Free Kinetics. Al?m disso, os hidr?xidos duplos lamelares sintetizados neste trabalhado foram calcinados em raz?es de aquecimento de 2,5 ?C/min e 20 ?C/min e submetidos a ensaios de adsor??o de ?nion nitrato em solu??o aquosa em sistema de batelada em intervalos de tempo de 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 1h, 2h e 4h. Tais materiais calcinados tamb?m foram submetidos ? exposi??o com a atmosfera e em intervalos de tempo de 1 semana e 2 semanas foram analisados atrav?s de difra??o de raios X para estudo determina??o da cin?tica de regenera??o estrutural denominada efeito mem?ria

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-16T20:54:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroAugustoRodriguesFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3916338 bytes, checksum: 375a323b74f41b291e797b658f9673a0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-19T21:20:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroAugustoRodriguesFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3916338 bytes, checksum: 375a323b74f41b291e797b658f9673a0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T21:20:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PedroAugustoRodriguesFerreira_DISSERT.pdf: 3916338 bytes, checksum: 375a323b74f41b291e797b658f9673a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A atividade s?smica do Nordeste do Brasil tem sidoalvo constante de estudos, uma vez que esta ? regi?o mais ativa do pa?s.Contudo, algumas ?reas possuem seus terremotos relacionados com a??o humana, ouseja, s?o de car?ter induzido. A barragem do A?u constitui um exemplo cl?ssicode sismicidade induzida por reservat?rio e j? foi alvo de diversos estudos.Recentemente, ap?s um consider?vel per?odo sem que houvesse atividade s?smicana barragem, o LabSis/UFRN registrou, por meio de uma esta??o regional, eventosrelacionados com o a?ude, o que motivou a instala??o de uma rede local ao redorda barragem. A partir dos dados provenientes dessa rede, observou-se que aatividade s?smica est? relacionada com uma nova ?rea epicentral dento dabarragem. Os par?metros hipocentrais dessa atividade foram determinados, bemcomo o respectivo mecanismo focal. Verificou-se que eventos estavamrelacionados com a reativa??o do embasamento em uma nova falha subvertical comorienta??o NE-SW subparalela a falha de S?o Rafael. Esses resultados foramutilizados na elabora??o de um artigo cient?fico, o qual discutiu a rela??odessa sismicidade com a geologia da regi?o e tamb?m com o n?vel de ?gua doreservat?rio. O artigo mostrou que a difus?o da press?o de poro foi o mecanismoque controlou o disparo da sismicidade induzida na barragem. / The seismic activity in the Northeastern of Brazil has been a constant target of study, since it is the most active region of the country. However, some areas have their earthquakes related to human action, what means they are induced. The A?u dam is a classic example of reservoir-induced seismicity and it has been the subject of several studies. Recently, after a considerable period of inactivity, the LabSis / UFRN recorded events related to the dam, which led to the installation of a network around the reservoir. From the data provided by this network, it was observed that the seismic activity is related to a new epicental area inside the lake. The epicentral parameters and the focal mechanism were determined. It was found that the events were related to the reactivation of a basement structure in a new seismogenic subvertical fault with NE-SW-striking subparallel to the S?o Rafael Fault. These results were used in the preparation of a scientific paper, which discussed the relationship between this seismicity with the geology of the region and with the reservoir water level. The paper showed that the diffusion of pore pressure was the main mechanism that controlled the triggering of the induced seismicity at the reservoir.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoHXJ_DISSERT.pdf: 772600 bytes, checksum: ee1e03bd76d48cdf6c2db181bd00401a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / Durante as ?ltimas d?cadas, as ind?strias farmac?uticas t?m despertado grande interesse em ?leos vegetais e v?rios extratos de planta por causa da sua baixa toxicidade e alta biodegrabilidade. O ?leo de copa?ba (Cop) ? usado in natura na medicina popular como anti-inflamat?rio e antimicrobiano para tratar v?rias doen?as, tais como inflama??o da garganta, ?lceras e infec??es urin?rias e pulmonares. Emuls?es s?o sistemas dispersos termodinamicamente inst?veis que consistem em dispers?es de got?culas microsc?picas em outro l?quido imisc?vel. O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar diferentes emuls?es de Cop, determinar o EHL cr?tico deste ?leo e avaliar a sua estabilidade, al?m de realizar estudos comparativos entre diferentes m?todos de constru??o de diagramas de fases. As emuls?es foram preparadas pelo m?todo de invers?o de fases variando as propor??es de EHL de 4,7 a 16,7. A estabilidade foi determinada por v?rios m?todos e os diagramas de fases foram produzidos pelo m?todo de titula??o usando diferentes procedimentos de agita??o. As emuls?es a base de Cop com EHL entre 12,7 e 15,7 foram as mais est?veis. As emuls?es apresentaram boa estabilidade em curto e longo prazo, aspecto leitoso e baixos valores de ?ndice de cremagem. Diferentes sistemas coloidais foram produzidos a partir dos diagramas de fases dependendo do processo de agita??o. Baseado nesses m?todos, o valor determinado de EHL do Cop foi 14,8, as emuls?es permaneceram est?veis por mais de um ano e estes resultados indicam que o estudo das emuls?es de Cop pode ser um promissor ve?culo de libera??o t?pica de f?rmacos e ativos cosm?ticos

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-03-02T23:01:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisRodrigoDantasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3337264 bytes, checksum: 12bf45680028c13cc7309fd035a25130 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-04T21:44:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisRodrigoDantasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3337264 bytes, checksum: 12bf45680028c13cc7309fd035a25130 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-04T21:44:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuisRodrigoDantasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 3337264 bytes, checksum: 12bf45680028c13cc7309fd035a25130 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq / O entendimento da ocorr?ncia e fluxo de ?guas subterr?neas em subsuperf?cie ? de fundamental import?ncia na explota??o de ?guas, assim como o conhecimento de toda contextualiza??o hidrogeol?gica associada. Estes fatores s?o controlados essencialmente pela geometria de um determinado sistema poroso, considerando-se aqu?feros de natureza sedimentar. Desta forma, a caracteriza??o microestrutural, assim como a interconectividade do sistema, ? imprescind?vel para o conhecimento das propriedades macros da porosidade e permeabilidade de rochas reservat?rio, nas quais podem ser feitas sobre uma caracteriza??o estat?stica atrav?s da an?lise bidimensional. Esta ?ltima est? sendo realizada em uma plataforma computacional, utilizando-se imagem de l?minas delgadas da rocha reservat?rio, possibilitando a predi??o das propriedades porosidade eficaz e condutividade hidr?ulica. Para o Aqu?fero Barreiras, a obten??o de tais par?metros decorre essencialmente da interpreta??o de testes de aqu?feros, pr?tica que normalmente envolve uma log?stica bastante complexa em termos de equipamentos e pessoal requeridos, al?m de elevado custo de opera??o. Desta forma, a an?lise e processamento digital de imagem apresenta-se como uma ferramenta alternativa para a caracteriza??o de par?metros hidr?ulicos, mostrando-se como um m?todo pr?tico e pouco dispendioso. Essa metodologia est? fundamentada em um fluxograma de trabalho envolvendo amostragem, elabora??o de l?minas delgadas e suas respectivas imagens, segmenta??o e caracteriza??o geom?trica, reconstru??o tridimensional e simula??o de fluxo. Na presente pesquisa, as an?lises computacionais de imagens de l?minas delgadas de rochas do referido aqu?fero tem evidenciado coeficientes de armazenamento variando de 0,035 a 0,12 com m?dias de 0,076, enquanto que seu substrato hidrogeol?gico (associado com o topo da sequ?ncia carbon?tica n?o aflorante na regi?o) apresenta porosidades efetivas da ordem de 2%. Para o regime de transporte, ? constatado que a metodologia apresenta resultados abaixo daqueles encontrados nos dados bibliogr?ficos referentes ? condutividade hidr?ulica, obtendo valores m?dios de 1,04x10-6 m/s, com flutua??es entre 2,94x10-6 m/s e 3,61x10-8 m/s, provavelmente relacionado ao tamanho da escala em estudo e as heterogeneidades do meio pesquisado. / The understanding of the occurrence and flow of groundwater in the subsurface is of fundamental importance in the exploitation of water, just like knowledge of all associated hydrogeological context. These factors are primarily controlled by geometry of a certain pore system, given the nature of sedimentary aquifers. Thus, the microstructural characterization, as the interconnectivity of the system, it is essential to know the macro properties porosity and permeability of reservoir rock, in which can be done on a statistical characterization by twodimensional analysis. The latter is being held on a computing platform, using image thin sections of reservoir rock, allowing the prediction of the properties effective porosity and hydraulic conductivity. For Barreiras Aquifer to obtain such parameters derived primarily from the interpretation of tests of aquifers, a practice that usually involves a fairly complex logistics in terms of equipment and personnel required in addition to high cost of operation. Thus, the analysis and digital image processing is presented as an alternative tool for the characterization of hydraulic parameters, showing up as a practical and inexpensive method. This methodology is based on a flowchart work involving sampling, preparation of thin sections and their respective images, segmentation and geometric characterization, three-dimensional reconstruction and flow simulation. In this research, computational image analysis of thin sections of rocks has shown that aquifer storage coefficients ranging from 0,035 to 0,12 with an average of 0,076, while its hydrogeological substrate (associated with the top of the carbonate sequence outcropping not region) presents effective porosities of the order of 2%. For the transport regime, it is evidenced that the methodology presents results below of those found in the bibliographic data relating to hydraulic conductivity, mean values of 1,04 x10-6 m/s, with fluctuations between 2,94 x10-6 m/s and 3,61x10-8 m/s, probably due to the larger scale study and the heterogeneity of the medium studied.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-23T19:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T19:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EdianaPaulaRebitski_DISSERT.pdf: 5282849 bytes, checksum: f1a7a2f4009a400f77db6f24d30a9596 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-22 / Bionanocomp?sitos s?o materiais nanoestruturados h?bridos org?nico-inorg?nico que envolvem uma contrapartida org?nica de origem biol?gica, por exemplo, um biopol?mero, associado a um s?lido inorg?nico em nanoescala. Materiais bioh?bridos a base de argilominerais (montmorillonita, sepiolita) e s?lidos inorg?nicos (hidr?xidos duplos lamelares) s?o uma boa op??o para diversas aplica??es (tais como biom?dicas) devido ao seu baixo custo, biodegradabilidade e biocompatibilidade. Devido a capacidade de troca i?nica, ?rea espec?fica elevada e a capacidade de adsor??o que esses materiais possuem, ? poss?vel combinar uma grande variedade de esp?cies org?nicas, tais como drogas, na qualidade de transportadoras. Neste contexto, este trabalho apresenta a prepara??o de novos bionanocomp?sitos com base na combina??o dos biopol?meros carboximetilcelulose e ze?na como revestimento do h?brido, argilomineral - antibi?tico e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares-antibi?tico. Para a s?ntese dos materiais bioh?bridos foi utilizado o antibi?tico neomicina de uso t?pico e amoxicilina de uso oral como f?rmacos modelos, o qual, foram incorporados nos argilominerais e hidr?xidos duplos lamelares por processo de intercala??o por troca i?nica e por adsor??o. / Bionanocomposites systems clay base (montmorillonite and sepiolite), layered double hidroxides and biopolymers (carboxymethylcellulose and zein) were evaluated as topical delivery systems with antibacterial activity and as oral delivery systems. For this study, neomycin, a topical antibiotic, indicated mainly for open wound infections. The drug amoxicillin, an antibiotic indicated mainly for throat infections, were also used in this study. Both antibiotics were used as model drugs. Initially, drugs were incorporated directly into the biopolymer matrix, comprising the combination of carboxymethylcellulos and zein, being conformed as movies and balls and evaluated for their antibacterial activity and controlled release simulating gastrointestinal fluids. Moreover, hybrids materials have been prepared where the neomycin drug was incorporated into the lamellar inorganic solids, such as montmorillonite by ion exchange reaction, and the fibrous type, such as sepiolite by adsorption in aqueous solution. But the drug amoxicillin was incorporated into layered double hydroxides by anion exchange and montmorillonite by cation exchange. The resulting hybrids were in turn combined with the biopolymer matrix yielding bionanocomposites shaped materials such as films were tested for their antibacterial activity, and the shaped materials beads were tested for their release in the gastrointestinal fluids. Through the analysis of various physico-chemical techniques, we observed the interactions between the studied materials, the formation of hybrids materials, obtaining the bionanocomposites materials and material efficiency when applied in controlled release of drugs both topical and use oral mainly influenced by the presence of zein, are promising as topical delivery systems and oral drugs.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-20T22:47:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioGuedesMirandaDeAssuncao_DISSERT.pdf: 5531425 bytes, checksum: ce1be7a5114d5ab1a80f64312a354e13 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-24T21:16:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioGuedesMirandaDeAssuncao_DISSERT.pdf: 5531425 bytes, checksum: ce1be7a5114d5ab1a80f64312a354e13 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T21:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DarioGuedesMirandaDeAssuncao_DISSERT.pdf: 5531425 bytes, checksum: ce1be7a5114d5ab1a80f64312a354e13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa e desenvolvimento de t?cnicas cada vez mais eficientes de estimula??o de reservat?rios de hidrocarbonetos, que j? n?o s?o economicamente vi?veis devido ? baixa permeabilidade relativa, atrav?s de faturamento hidr?ulico alavancaram os ?ndices de produ??o mundial nos ?ltimos anos. O monitoramento de eventos micross?smicos, gerados nesse ambiente de produ??o, pode fornecer informa??es importantes a respeito do reservat?rio. A aplica??o do monitoramento micross?smico, relacionado ? inje??o de fluidos (hidrofraturamento), est? sendo cada vez mais recorrente na ind?stria de petr?leo, devido ? capacidade destas informa??es auxiliarem no desenvolvimento do reservat?rio, na decis?o de posicionamento de novas inje??es de fluidos, localiza??o de novas perfura??es, etc. O desenvolvimento e aperfei?oamento de m?todos no monitoramento micross?smico ? uma importante alternativa de pesquisa para auxiliar o desenvolvimento de campos produtores, devido ? aus?ncia de m?todos que apresentem baixo custo e ent?o viabilize a sua utiliza??o em campos de baixa produ??o. Desta forma, propomos neste trabalho uma an?lise de viabilidade computacional e efici?ncia na utiliza??o da t?cnica SSA com poss?vel identificador de onda ?P?, para poss?vel utiliza??o em monitoramento de eventos micross?smicos em ambientes com opera??es de fraturamento hidr?ulico. O processamento computacional foi dividido em tr?s fases, duas com testes em dados sint?ticos e uma com aplica??o em dados reais de tiro de canhoneio. Na primeira fase de testes sint?ticos analisou-se os erros de posicionamento e erros de tempo de origem de um evento (com posi??o real em x=0, y=0 e z=-1km) com 3 e 8 receptores (geometria diferente do dado real), para diferentes dados e par?metros de entrada, por exemplo, dado sem ru?do, dado com ru?do (2, 5 ,10, 20, 30 e 40%), diferentes janelas de RPA/LPA, diferentes quantidades de receptores, etc. Na segunda fase de testes sint?ticos analisou-se os erros de posicionamento de um evento (com posi??o real em x=0, y=0 e z=-0,7km) com 3 e 12 receptores (geometria similar ao dado real), para um ?nico dado com ru?do aleat?rio de 40% e diferentes janelas de RPA/LPA. E na fase de aplica??o em dados reais (13 diferentes eventos posicionados em x=0, y=0 e Z=diferentes profundidades) as analises foram feitas com rela??o aos resultados de posicionamento de cada evento e os tempos de origem encontrados para cada um deles, utilizando uma ?nica janela RPA/LPA. / The research and development of techniques of stimulation of oil reservoirs, that are no longer economically viable due to the low relative permeability, through of hydraulic fracturing, leveraged world production rates in recent years. The monitoring microseismics events, generated in this production environment, can provide important information about the reservoir. The application of microseismic monitoring, related to the injection of fluids, is being increasingly recurrent in the oil industry due to the capacity of this information assist in the development of the reservoir, the placement decision of new injections of fluid, location of new perforations, among others. The development and improvement of methods in microseismic monitoring is an important alternative of search for help in the development of producing oil fields, due to lack of methods that have low cost and so makes possible its use in fields low production. Thus, we propose in this paper an analysis of the computational viability and efficient in the use of the technical SSA with possible P-wave identifier, for possible use in monitoring microseismic events in environments with hydraulic fracturing operations. The computational processing was divided into three phases, two with synthetic data tests and one with real data application of perforating shot (cannonade shot). In the first phase of synthetic tests were analyzed positioning errors and origin time errors of an event (with real position at x = 0, y = 0 and z = -1km) with 3 and 08 receptors (different geometry of the real data) for different data and input parameters, for example, data without noise, data with noise (2, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40%), different windows RPA/LPA, different amounts receptors, etc. In the second phase synthetic test were analyzed the positioning errors of an event (with real position x = 0, y = 0 and z = -0,7km) with 3 and 12 receptors (geometry similar to the real data), for only a data with random noise of 40% and different windows of RPA/LPA. And in the phase of real data test (13 different events positioned at x = 0, y = 0 and Z = different depths) analyzes were made with respect the results for event each positioning and origin times found for each event, using only one RPA/LPA window.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T21:26:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MaraTatianeDeSouzaTavares_TESE.pdf: 3624533 bytes, checksum: fd1f8f479ff20180ca99cd3c488a4834 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-18T21:34:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MaraTatianeDeSouzaTavares_TESE.pdf: 3624533 bytes, checksum: fd1f8f479ff20180ca99cd3c488a4834 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-18T21:34:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MaraTatianeDeSouzaTavares_TESE.pdf: 3624533 bytes, checksum: fd1f8f479ff20180ca99cd3c488a4834 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / Atualmente vem sendo investigada uma nova classe de materiais inorg?nicos que surgem como uma op??o promissora com alto desempenho em diferentes aplica??es, tais como fotocatal?ticas e bactericidas. O Hidr?xido de ?ndio (III) ? um semicondutor que apresenta bom desempenho em propriedades ?ticas e t?m gerado intensas investiga??es para compreens?o de novas aplica??es. A dopagem de semicondutores com diferentes elementos ? conhecida por afetar grandemente muitas das suas propriedades b?sicas. Para obter as propriedades desejadas, atualmente muitos pesquisadores estudam s?ntese de semicondutores puros e dopados, em uma grande variedade de materiais. Neste trabalho, estruturas cristalinas de hidr?xido de ?ndio puro e dopado com ?ons de zinco e ?ons de prata foram sintetizadas pelo m?todo hidrot?rmico assistido por micro-ondas (HM) utilizando patamar de tratamento hidrot?rmico de 30 minutos. As amostras foram caracterizadas por difra??o de raios-X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura com emiss?o de campo (MEV-FEG), fotoluminesc?ncia (FL) e espectroscopia UV-vis?vel (UV-vis). Para verificar a aplicabilidade foram realizados nas amostras de In1-x(OH)3Znx teste fotocatal?tico e nas amostras de In1-x(OH)3Agx teste bactericida. Os resultados de difra??o de raios-X confirmaram a forma??o da fase c?bica de In(OH)3, mesmo com o teor m?ximo de dopantes (0,04 de Zn+2 e 0,04 de Ag+). Imagens de MEV mostraram que as amostras de In(OH)3 puro exibe morfologia na forma de cubos com diferentes tamanhos de part?culas, j? nas amostras dopadas com ?ons de Zn+2 e Ag+ houve altera??es significativas na morfologia apresentando compostos agregadas com diferentes tamanhos de part?culas. Os espectros de fotoluminesc?ncia apresentaram diminui??o na intensidade com o aumento da concentra??o de ?ons de Zn+2 na matriz hospedeira, j? as amostras dopadas com 0,02 e 0,04 de ?ons de Ag+ apresentam um desvio para o vermelho. Os espectros de reflect?ncia de UV-vis indicaram que a dopagem com ?ons de Zn+2 e Ag+ causaram uma diminui??o na banda de gap com o aumento da dopagem de 0 para 0,04 de Zn+2/Ag+. No teste fotocatal?tico das amostras de In1-x(OH)3Znx (x=0,04) o corante rodamina B (RhB) degradou em apenas 16 minutos sob irradia??o UV. As amostras do In(OH)3 puro degradaram o corante ap?s 30 minutos sob irradia??o UV. Estes resultados indicaram que, mesmo sem qualquer dopagem, a efici?ncia desse semicondutor na fotodegrada??o do rodamina B (RhB) ? alta. A atividade bactericida das amostra de In1-x(OH)3Agx foi avaliada utilizando bact?rias Gram negativa (Escherichia coli) e bact?rias Gram positivas (Staphylococcus aureus). A presen?a de uma zona de inibi??o indica claramente o efeito antibacteriano das amostras dopadas com Ag+ para ambos os tipos de bact?rias (E. coli e S. aureus), enquanto as amostras de In(OH)3 puro n?o apresentam qualquer efeito antibacteriano. / Currently is being investigated a new class of inorganic materials occurring as a promising option with high performance in different applications, such as photocatalytic and bactericidal. The Hydroxide of Indium (III) is a semiconductor that performs well in optical properties and have generated intense research to understand new applications. The doping of semiconductors with different elements is known to greatly affect many of their basic properties. To obtain the desired properties, currently many researchers study synthesis of pure semiconductors and doped, in a the wide variety of materials. In this work, crystal structures of pure indium hydroxide and doped zinc ions and silver ions were synthesized by hydrothermal method assisted by microwave (MAH) using hydrothermal treatment level of 30 minutes. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, with field emission (SEM-FEG), photoluminescence (PL) and UV-visible (UV-vis). To verify the applicability were conducted on samples In1-x(OH)3Znx photocatalytic test and samples the In1-x(OH)3Agx bactericidal test. The results of X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of cubic phase of In(OH)3 even with the maximum level of doping (0,04 Zn2+ and 0,04 Ag+). SEM pictures showed that the samples of pure In(OH)3 exhibits morphology in the form of cubes with different sizes of particles, since at the samples doped with Zn2+ and Ag+ ions were no significant changes in morphology compounds having aggregate with different sizes of particles. The photoluminescence spectra show decrease in intensity with increased concentration of Zn2+ ions in the host matrix, since the samples doped with 0,02 and 0,04 Ag+ ions have a redshift. The reflectance spectra of UV-vis indicated that doping with Zn2+ and Ag+ ions caused a decrease in the band gap with increasing doping of 0 to 0,04 Zn2+/Ag+. In the photocatalytic test sample of In1-x(OH)3Znx (x=0,04) the rhodamine dye (RhB) degraded in about 16 minutes under UV irradiation. The samples pure In(OH)3 dye degraded after 30 minutes under UV irradiation. These results indicated that even without doping, the efficiency of this semiconductor in photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) is high. The bactericidal activity of the sample In1-x(OH)3Agx was evaluated using Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus). The presence of a zone of inhibition clearly shows the antibacterial effect of Ag+ doped samples for both types of bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus), while samples of pure In(OH)3 show no antibacterial effect.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlineAApdf.pdf: 2403213 bytes, checksum: dfc50c5f35575298ed9005c5d3fb4f7b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In this paper, the Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) type hydrotalcite were synthesized, characterized and tested as basic heterogeneous catalysts for the production of biodiesel by transesterification of sunflower oil with methanol. The synthesis of materials Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH s) by co-precipitation method from nitrates of magnesium and aluminum, and sodium carbonate. The materials were submitted to the variation in chemical composition, which is the amount of Mg2+ ions replaced by Al3+. This variation affects the characteristic physico-chemical and reaction the solid. The molar ratio varied in the range of 1:1 and 3:1 magnesium / aluminum, and their values between 0.2 and 0.33. This study aims to evaluate the influence of variation of molar ratio of mixed oxides derived from LDH s and the influence of impregnation of a material with catalytic activity, the KI, the rate of conversion of sunflower oil into methyl esters (biodiesel) through transesterification by heterogeneous catalysis. .The catalysts were calcined at 550 ? C and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (SEM / EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and test basicity. The transesterification reaction was performed for reflux is a mixture of sunflower oil and methanol with a molar ratio of 15:1, a reaction time of 4h and a catalyst concentration of 2% by weight. The physical-chemical characterization of sunflower oil and biodiesel obtained by the route methyl submitted according NBR, EN, ASTM. Subsequently, it was with the chromatographic and thermogravimetric characterizations of oils. The results of chromatographic analysis showed that the catalysts were effective in converting vegetable oil into biodiesel, in particular the type hydrotalcite KI-HDL-R1, with a conversion of 99.2%, indicating the strong influence of the chemical composition of the material, in special due to presence of potassium in the structure of the catalyst / Neste trabalho, hidr?xidos duplos lamelares tipo hidrotalcita foram sintetizados, caracterizados e testados como catalisadores heterog?neos b?sicos para a produ??o de biodiesel por transesterifica??o de ?leo de girassol com metanol. A s?ntese dos materiais de hidr?xidos duplos lamelares (HDLs) procedeu-se pelo m?todo de co-precipita??o, a partir de nitratos de magn?sio e de alum?nio, carbonato de s?dio e hidr?xido de s?dio. Os materiais foram submetidos ? varia??o na propor??o qu?mica, que equivale ? quantidade de ?ons Mg2+ substitu?dos por Al3+. Essa varia??o afeta as propriedades f?sico-qu?micas do material. A raz?o molar variou na propor??o de 1:1 e 3:1 de magn?sio/alum?nio, estando seus valores entre 0,2 e 0,33. Realizou-se um estudo de impregna??o de iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura dos HDLs, a fim de verificar se ocorre um aumento da basicidade nesses materiais. Os catalisadores obtidos foram calcinados ? 550 ?C e caracterizados por difra??o de raios X (DRX), microscopia eletr?nica de varredura e espectroscopia por energia dispersiva de raios X (MEV/EDS), an?lise termogravim?trica (TG) e teste de basicidade. A rea??o de transesterifica??o foi realizada refluxando-se uma mistura de metanol e ?leo de girassol com uma raz?o molar de 15:1, tempo de rea??o de 4h e uma concentra??o de 2% em massa de catalisador. A caracteriza??o f?sico-qu?mica do ?leo de girassol e dos biodieseis obtidos atrav?s da rota met?lica apresentou-se de acordo com as normas da NBR, EN, ASTM. Realizaram-se tamb?m as caracteriza??es cromatogr?ficas e termogravim?tricas dos biocombust?veis obtidos. Os resultados das an?lises cromatogr?ficas mostraram que os catalisadores foram eficientes na convers?o de ?leo vegetal em biodiesel, em especial o tipo hidrotalcita KI-HDL-R1, com uma convers?o de 99,2%, indicando a forte influ?ncia da composi??o qu?mica do material, particularmente com a presen?a do iodeto de pot?ssio na estrutura do catalisador

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MarcosPSG_DISSERT.pdf: 1772497 bytes, checksum: df93ce17acaae55571d307fc84ed5f3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-20 / Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte / A partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a copolymer composed of acrylamide and sodium acrylate. Due to its wide range of applications there are different methods for its quantification and characterization in solution systems. Evaluation of C* is important to describe the transition from dilute to semi-dilute, behavior, when the solution will have its characteristic viscosity at concentrations above C*. This dissertation describes the determination of the critical concentration of overlap C* by potentiometry of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide - HPAM under acidic conditions. Based on the law of mass action and the proper treatment of the constant of aggregate formation, polymer molecular weight, degree of polymerization and hydrolysis were calculated. The inflection point was determined by the intersection of the resulting equation and mathematical development, statistically satisfy the experimental points relating the number of moles of monomers (n), equilibrium constant of formation of the entanglements (K*), pH, C* and acidity constant of the polymer (Ka). The viscometric parameters of C* showed a percentage difference compared to potentiometers. The results for the determination of C*, and degree of copolymerization molar mass proved to be a simple alternative for the characterization of polymers with protonated monomers and water soluble / A poliacrilamida parcialmente hidrolisada (HPAM) ? um copol?mero formado por acrilamida e acrilato de s?dio. Em fun??o de sua ampla faixa de aplica??o existem diferentes m?todos para a sua quantifica??o e caracteriza??o em solu??o. A avalia??o de C* ? importante para descrever a transi??o do regime dilu?do para o semi dilu?do, isto ?, quando a solu??o ter? sua viscosidade caracter?stica, em concentra??es acima de C*. Este trabalho descreve a determina??o da concentra??o cr?tica de overlap C* por potenciometria da poliacrilamida parcialmente hidrolisada HPAM em meio ?cido. Baseando-se na lei de a??o das massas e no tratamento adequado da constante de forma??o do agregado polim?rico foram calculados a massa molar, grau de hidr?lise e de polimeriza??o da HPAM empregada. O ponto de inflex?o foi determinado pelo m?todo da interse??o e a equa??o resultante do desenvolvimento matem?tico, satisfez estatisticamente os pontos experimentais, relacionando o n?mero de mols de mon?meros (n), constante de equil?brio de forma??o do novelo (K*), pH do meio, C* e constante de acidez do pol?mero (Ka). Os par?metros viscosim?tricos de C* apresentaram uma diferen?a percentual em rela??o aos potenciom?tricos. Os resultados para determina??o da C*, grau de copolimeriza??o e massa molar se mostraram uma alternativa simples para caracteriza??o de pol?meros com mon?meros proton?veis e sol?veis em ?gua

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2018-11-29T17:12:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Renata Silva Cabral de Souza.pdf: 1753830 bytes, checksum: 2dff8752eb3f7974e34f8809d059f126 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-29T17:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013 - Renata Silva Cabral de Souza.pdf: 1753830 bytes, checksum: 2dff8752eb3f7974e34f8809d059f126 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-23 / CAPES / The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of protein concentration in bovine whey proteins by ultrafiltration process and subsequently the protein hydrolysate obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis to produce bioactive peptides with potential antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. For concentration process was used a ceramic ultrafiltration membrane with a molecular range cut-off of 10-20 kDa, transmembrane pressure of 5 bar and, temperature of 30 ?C, 40 ?C and 50 ?C . The optimum temperature condition was at 40 ?C. The Volume Concentrate Factor (VCF) parameter was used as a end-point of the ultrafiltration process and fixed at 2, corresponding on concentrating the initial volume twice, in volume. At the temperature of 40 ?C, VCF had a correspondence on final protein concentration on the concentrated fraction by ultrafiltration and confirmed by Bradford method. Two commercial enzymes were tested Alcalase, Flavourzyme and an equivalent mixture of both 50:50 (w/w) in the hydrolysis reaction. The hydrolysis conditions were determined according to manufacturer instructions and confirmed by other studies: 60 ?C and pH 8 for Alcalase; 50 ?C and pH 7 for Flavourzyme; 50 ?C and pH 8 for enzyme mixture with enzyme / substrate ratio (w / w) 5/100 for all enzymes. The reaction was monitored by pH Stat method. The final Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) achieved was 15%, 52% and 63% for Flavourzyme, Alcalase and enzyme mixture, respectively. Five aliquots were collected along the hydrolysis for each enzyme reaction corresponding to differents DH in order to evaluatethe antioxidant activity by ORAC and ABTS assays with final values between 597- 1092 m? TE (ABTS) and from 1615 to 2920 ?M TE (ORAC) for Flavourzyme; 998-6290 ?M TE (ABTS) and 3092-7567 ?M TE ( ORAC) for Alcalase and finally 913-2678 ?M TE (ABTS) and 2547-5903 ?M TE (ORAC) for the enzyme mixture. The samples from all hydrolysates showed no antimicrobial activity against strains of Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) and Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 9117). / A proposta do presente trabalho foi avaliar a concentra??o das prote?nas do soro de leite bovino por ultrafiltra??o e posterior obten??o de hidrolisados proteicos deste concentrado via hidr?lise enzim?tica visando obter pept?deos bioativos com potencial atividade antimicrobiana e antioxidante. Para concentra??o das prote?nas do soro foi utilizada membrana cer?mica de ultrafiltra??o com massa molar de corte de 10-20 kDa, press?o aplicada ? membrana de 5 bar, temperaturas testadas (30 ?C, 40 ?C e 50 ?C) . A temperatura ?tima selecionada foi de 40 ?C. O Fator de Concentra??o Volum?trica foi o par?metro utilizado para indicar o final do processo de ultrafiltra??o sendo fixado em duas vezes o volume inicial da alimenta??o. Na temperatura de 40 ?C foi obtida correspond?ncia entre a concentra??o volum?trica e a concentra??o proteica final na fra??o retida pela UF, que tamb?m foi o dobro da encontrada na fra??o alimenta??o, avaliada pelo m?todo de Bradford. Foram testadas duas enzimas comerciais: Alcalase, Flavourzyme e uma mistura equivalente de ambas, na propor??o 50:50 (m/m) na rea??o de hidr?lise. As condi??es de rea??o enzim?tica foram determinadas de acordo com instru??es do fabricante e corroboradas por outros estudos em: 60 ?C, pH 8 para Alcalase; 50 ?C, pH 7 para Flavourzyme; 50 ?C, pH 8 para mistura enzim?tica e rela??o enzima/substrato (g/g) foi de 5/100 para todas as enzimas. A rea??o de hidr?lise foi monitorada pelo m?todo pH Stat. Os Graus de Hidr?lise (GH) finais alcan?ados foram de 15 %, 52 % e 63 % para Flavourzyme, mistura enzim?tica e Alcalase, respectivamente. Foram coletadas cinco al?quotas correspondentes a diferentes GH ao longo da rea??o para cada condi??o enzim?tica utilizada e avaliadas quanto a atividade antioxidante pelos m?todos ABTS e ORAC tendo valores entre 597 a 1092 ?M TE (ABTS) e 1615 a 2920 ?M TE (ORAC) para Flavourzyme, 998 a 6290 ?M TE (ABTS) e 3092 a 7567 ?M TE (ORAC) para Alcalase e por fim, 913 a 2678 ?M TE (ABTS) e 2547 a 5903 ?M TE (ORAC) para a mistura enzim?tica. Nenhuma das amostras de hidrolisado com diferentes GH apresentou atividade antimicrobiana contra cepas de Salmonella choleraesuis subsp. Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) e Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC 9117).