This thesis discusses the Soviet mass deportation historical culture narrative formation and their use of history in contemporary Latvia. Looking to find research answer to question of: How are the Soviet mass deportations of 1941 and 1949 used in, and forms Latvian historical culture, in the novel Five Fingers and the film Chronicles of Melanie? The analysis is done via three connected parts using concepts of use of history, cultural and social memory. First, the paper gives an analysis of socio-historical context giving the historical background of mass deportations and the emerging historical culture use in society since 1986. The second part of the paper focuses on two separate narrative analysis of Latvian cultural expressions. The book “Five fingers” by Mara Zalite and the film “Chronicles of Melanie” dir. Viesturs Kairish. Both works analysed by their portrayed story narrative of deportation experience and how they form cultural narratives and use history within the work. The last part of the paper is interpretation- reinterpretation of socio-historical and narrative analysis together. To see the role of the novel and film, have in the use of historical culture, and how they help form the historical narrative in society. Analysing the broader context via social media responses book and film received from the public and seeing how cultural works are forming historical culture in Latvia. The thesis concluded that the novel and film are moral and existential uses of history, as they discuss topics censored during the Soviet period. The authors feel a duty to bring accounts of the past back to the centre of attention in order for people not to forget. Additionally, both works are playing a part in forming new narrative within historical culture, by moving away from identifying as the victim of soviet deportations to survivors of the past. Thus, playing an important role in Soviet mass deportation historical culture in Latvia.

This work is about processing of historical maps, especially their digitizing and vectorization. The main focuses of this project are maps from the second historical military mapping and finding methods useful for removing texts from these maps.

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Through the process of historical linguistics it is possible to determine approximate dates of authorship and meaning that establish the conventions of a particular genre. To accomplish such a study, elements of phonology, morphology, and syntax are compared and the results create a field of descriptors representative of a style of writing of a period. By using the method on eight well-known Christmas carols, four were determined to have been written prior to the dates previously speculated, possibly originating in the Middle Ages. The remaining four were written based on the conventions set by the earlier medieval carols.

SammanfattningHuvudsyftet med detta arbete är att få en inblick i hur två skilda förortsskolor med helt olika elevsammansättning i Malmö använder sig av närområdet (lokalhistoria) i historieundervisningen. Vilka olikheter finns mellan dessa två skolor? Vilka är skillnaderna och om det finns skillnader, vad beror detta i så fall på? Jag har även velat få kunskap om hur elevernas intresse för historia/lokalhistoria ser ut. Vilka för- och nackdelar det finns med att använda sig av lokalhistoria? Den ena skolan är belägen i Malmös södra del i stadsdelen Hyllie. Här är majoriteten av eleverna svenska. Den andra skolan är belägen i Malmös östra del i stadsdelen Rosengård, där majoriteten av eleverna har invandrarbakgrund. Själva undersökningen har jag genomfört i form av enkäter som gått ut till tre lärare respektive tre nionde klasselever på de båda skolorna. De skillnader som finns på dessa skolor rör sig främst om sättet att lägga upp undervisningen på. I Hyllie arbetar historielärarna på ett mer traditionellt vis där lärobokens innehåll styr mycket av undervisningen. Där är det upp till varje lärare att använda sig av lokalhistoria. På Rosengård arbetar lärarna med tema i undervisningen som är tematiskt upplagd. Eleverna där arbetar mycket självständigt i en tidrymd på 5-6 veckor, dessutom arbetar de i årskurs sex med Malmö och deras närområde. De olika sätten att lägga upp undervisningen på, tycker jag avspeglar sig i elevernas intresse för ämnet. / AbstractThe main purpose with this essey is to get an insight in how two different suburbpreschools with totaly different pupilcompostion in Malmö is using the immediate surroundings (local history) in their historyeducation. What differences are there between these schools? What are the distiction and if there are any, and in that case, why ? I have also wanted to get some knowledge about how the pupils interest are on history/ localhisory now a days. What advantages and disadvanteges there are of using localhistory? One of the school is located in Malmös south district Hyllie. The majority of the pupils here are Swedish. The other school is located in Malmös east district Rosengård, were the majority of the pupils has a foreign background. The examination in it self I’ve done trough questionnaires wich I gave to three teachers in three 9th grades in both schools. The differences that exist in these schools are mostly the way that they plan their education. In Hyllie the teachers works in a more traditionell way, were the textbok controls a lot of the teaching. I’ts up to each and everyone of the teachers to use localhistory there. In Rosengård the teachers works with themes in their education wich is thematic inclined and the pupils work independent in a period of 5-6 weeks, in addition to that the 6th graders are reading about Malmö and their immediat suroundings. I think that the different ways they plan the education reflects in the pupils interest.

This essay looks at the connection between the design and techniques of longswords. The longsword is perhaps the most iconic weapon of the late medieval and early modern period. However, there are few academic studies on how longswords were used. As well as the use of longswords in general the essay seeks to understand how certain characteristics like blade design or decor can offer clues to how specific swords may have been used. To find out how this kind of weapon was used 10 longswords from northern and central Europe was analysed in terms of design. As well as the longswords four historical fencing manuals from the holy roman empire were studied. The source material was chosen to reflect my own experience whit Germanic medieval/renaissance fencing. Combining study of artifacts and written sources gives this essay the opportunity to explore the several attributes pertaining to the use longswords. As well as examining the books and swords several of the techniques in the manuals have been tested by me and Fencers of Wisby historiska fäktskola.  The study of the source material as well as the tests of the techniques reveal the construction of a sword had an impact on how it can be used. Certain design like the shape of the blade, crossguard and pommel change what techniques are more effective with a particular type of longsword. The early longwords for example seem to have had an emphasis on cutting whilst the later swords became more adapted for thrusting to combat armour. Some of the examined longswords appear to be ornamental and not intended for combat. The more ornamental longswords could however possibly have functioned as a weapon and a symbol at the same time. Sometimes the symbolism is emphasised but even in those cases the swords could often have been used as a weapon if desired or needed.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the 2021 video game The Forgotten City from a historical didactical theoretical framework. The study aims to highlight how the game can contribute to the players historical consciousness with its digital recreation of ancient Rome. The method used for analyzing the video game was a playthrough of the game with careful notetaking that was then analyzed with a qualitative method. The result of this analysis found many interesting aspects of how the game can contribute to the players historical consciousness. The game utilized moral-philosophical debates, an epistemological immersion in the game world, and a digital museum like presentation of history. The main problems that were identified was that there is no clear distinction between pure fiction and history which can lead to players without a historical framework of ancient Rome to assume that fiction is historical fact. Finally, the study presents a use case for how a video game like The Forgotten City can be used in a Swedish classroom setting.

The following chapters attempt to show the work that has been done toward restoration, preservation, and marking of historic spots in Texas by patriotic societies, individuals, civic groups, the Centennial Commission, and other agencies. It has not been the purpose of the writer to go into details regarding every one of the sites and individual markers, especially in instances in which several of the same type were erected. In such cases a general description of the markers is given, together with a general idea of the type of inscription that appears on them. Since so much was done by the Centennial Commission, more attention has been devoted to its activities than to those of other organizations unable to carry out such an extensive program...in many instances it has been necessary to rely upon information from magazines, newspapers, Chamber of Commerce bulletins, pamphlets, and personal letters, because of lack of recorded materials. The information obtained, however, has been weighed and carefully compared with other sources on the same subject until its authenticity is assured.

This knowledge overview, known as SAG, aims to answer questions regarding what the national and international research in didactics shows about how history teachers in secondary and upper secondary schools reflect, plan, and teach about genocide. The methods used for this overview were a systematic search of relevant research and the processing of chosen research articles. Our results show that teachers consider genocide to be significant but also a complex subject. Furthermore, teachers aim to not only teach about genocide as a historical factual phenomenon but also open the door to discussions among learners regarding moral aspects of genocide throughout history.  Prominent strategies that teachers use was shown through research on teaching about different narratives about genocide, but also getting learners actively involved in studying history, emphasizing human rights, and highlighting the consequences when these rights are ignored. In addition, research also shows the absence of certain aspects, such as the absence of explicit aims for teaching and too much focus on the political, ideological, and economic perspectives when teaching about genocide. To conclude, teaching about genocide should be a subject that teachers approach with carefulness and explicit strategies to make learners more engaged in the diverse historical contexts being discussed in the classroom and develop historical consciousness and narrative competence.

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