Ce mémoire présente, dans une première partie, une étude détaillée de la mortalité adulte des Canadiens-français nés entre 1620 et 1749. Des résultats inédits sont présentés sous forme de tables de mortalité abrégées avec entrées échelonnées. La comparaison de celles-ci permet de décrire les différences de comportement observées entre les hommes et les femmes, les populations de régions urbaines et rurales ainsi que trois groupes de générations s’étant succédé au cours de la période étudiée. Dans une deuxième partie, une étude de cas visant à confirmer l’influence du caractère familial sur la longévité est présentée. Une famille se distinguant par les durées de vie exceptionnellement longues de plusieurs de ses membres est comparée à une famille fictive de référence, représentative de la population moyenne de l’époque. Les résultats opposant ces deux familles consistent en des âges moyens au décès et des proportions de survivants à différents âges. Cette deuxième étude s’inscrit dans le prolongement des recherches effectuées avec les ascendances de Jeanne Calment et Marie-Louise Meilleur. Les informations tirées des registres paroissiaux du Québec ancien et consolidées informatiquement par le Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) dans une base de données appelée Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA) constituent la source exploitée pour la réalisation des deux parties du mémoire. / This thesis presents, in the first part, a detailed study of adult mortality of French-Canadians born between 1620 and 1749. New time published results are presented in the form of abridged life tables with staggered entries. The life tables are compared to ascertain behavioural differences between men and women, between residents of urban and rural regions and across three generations during the period studied. In the second part, the thesis presents a case study conducted to test the influence of inheritance on human longevity. A family distinguished by the exceptional longevity of several of its members is compared to a reference fictional family representative of the average population of the time. Evidence provided on these two families consists of mean ages at death and proportions of survivors at different ages. This case study builds on research conducted with the ancestry of Jeanne Calment and Marie Louise Meilleur. Information drawn from the parish registers of old Quebec computerized by the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) in a database called Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA) is the primary source used for the life tables and case study.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce mémoire présente une analyse indirecte détaillée des niveaux de la fécondité de la population canadienne au XIXe siècle. L’exploitation des recensements canadiens de 1852 et 1881 est rendue possible grâce au Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) constituant ainsi la source de données sur laquelle s'appuie ce mémoire. Une analyse critique du recensement canadien de 1852 établit qu’il est représentatif pour ce qui est de l’âge des individus, du sexe, de l’état matrimonial, du lieu de naissance et du type de maison habitée, malgré la destruction de près d’un tiers de ses manuscrits avant d’avoir été transposés sur microfilm. De plus, l’impact de l’absence totale ou partielle des données pour les villes est mitigé, car moins de 10 % de la population était établi en ville cette année-là. L’utilisation de micro-données censitaires permet d’élaborer différentes mesures de la fécondité, telles que le rapport enfants par femme et la méthode des enfants propres. Des résultats inédits sont d'ailleurs présentés, notamment à l’aide du recensement de 1852, car ces données n’ont pas encore été exploitées, permettant ainsi d’allonger dans le temps l’analyse de la fécondité.Une analyse différentielle du risque qu’ont les femmes mariées âgées entre 40 et 49 ans vivant avec un enfant de moins de 5 ans a démontré que la fécondité effective était plus élevée chez les femmes catholiques nées au Canada, appartenant au groupe d’âge plus jeune (40-44 ans), vivant en zone rurale et ayant un mari cultivateur. Nous concluons que ces associations sont évidentes autant en 1852 qu’en 1881. / This mémoire presents a detailed, indirect analysis of fertility levels of the Canadian population in the nineteenth century. The use of Canadian censuses of 1852 and 1881 is made possible through the Programme de recherche en démographiehistorique (PRDH) and is the source of data on which this mémoire is based. A critical analysis of the 1852 Census of Canada, one-third of which was destroyed prior to microfilming, establishes that it is representative with respect to the gender, the age, the marital status, the place of birth and the sort of house; the total or partial absence of data on cities is mitigated by the fact that less than 10% of the population in 1852 was city-dwellers. The use of census microdata allows the opportunity to elaborate different measures of fertility, including child-woman ratios and own-child measures of effective fertility. The use of the 1852 census allows us to extend this analysis backward to the mid-nineteenth century. A differential analysis of the risk that married women aged 40 to 49 lived with children aged 0 to 4 years demonstrates that effective fertility was highest among Canadian-born Catholics, aged between 40 and 44, living in a rural area and married to a farmer. We conclude that these associations were evident both in 1852 and in 1881.

Neste trabalho buscou-se contribuir para a compreensão da história biogeográfica das florestas da Região Neotropical e, em particular, da Floresta Atlântica a partir de estudos de diversificação inter e intra-específica de grupos de aves. Para investigar a história biogeográfica das florestas da região neotropical foram sequenciados genes mitocondriais (citb, ND2 e ND3) e nucleares (Fib7) de 102 amostras das seis espécies que compõem o gênero Sclerurus, S. mexicanus, S. rufigularis, S. guatemalensis, S. caudacutus, S. albigularis e S. scansor. Por outro lado, para o estudo de diversificação intra Floresta Atlântica, foram utilizadas seqüências dos mesmos marcadores de 86 indiíduos de S. scansor e de 57 de A. leucophthalmus. As análises que envolveram o gênero Sclerurus indicam que as seis espécies que o compõem são reciprocamente monofiléticas e que a diversificação do grupo se deu nos últimos 10 Ma. A origem dos padrões associados às áreas de endemismo do neotrópico, por outro lado, tiveram suas origens durante o Plioceno Superior e Pleistoceno. A congruência verificada na distribuição das linhagens associada à incongruência das relações entre linhagens indicam que histórias evolutivas distintas podem ter dado origem a padrões de distribuição de linhagens similares. Verifica-se, ainda, que populações associadas a diferentes regiões da Amazônia apresentam histórias demográficas distintas. Os estudos filogeográficos e de demografia histórica realizados com Scleurus scansor e Automolus leucophthalmus evidenciam histórias distintas associadas à Floresta Atlântica. Apesar do tempo de divergência entre essas espécies e as linhagens irmãs associadas à Amazônia serem similares, em S. scansor foi verificada marcante estruturação filogeográfica, enquanto em A. leucophthalmus não foi identificado qualquer sinal de estruturação. A partir destes resultados são analisadas as hipóteses biogeográficas propostas para explicar a origem dos padrões de diversidade biológica no Neotropico e, em particular, na Floresta Atlântica. / This work attempts to contribute to the understanding of biogeographic history of the neotropical forest domains, based on studies of inter and intra-specific diversification of birds. For this I sequenced mitochondrial (citb, Nd2 and ND3) and nuclear (Fib7) genes of 102 samples from all Sclerurus species, S. mexicanus, S. rufigularis, S. guatemalensis, S. caudacutus, S. albigularis and S. scansor. For the study of diversification intra Atlantic Forest, I used sequences of the same genes from 86 specimens of S. scansor and 57 of A. leucophthalmus. The analyses involving Sclerurus indicated that the six species are reciprocally monophyletic and that the diversification of the group took place in the last 10 Ma. The origin of the patterns associated with neotropical areas of endemism, on the other hand, is recent, during the Upper Pliocene and Pleistocene. The geographic congruence in lineage distribution associated with incongruity of the relationship between them indicate that distinct evolutionary histories may have shaped similar geographic patterns. Besides, populations associated with distinct regions of the Amazon exhibit different demographic histories. The phylogeographic and historical demographic studies performed with Scleurus scansor and Automolus leucophthalmus show different histories associated with Atlantic Forest. Despite of the congruence on divergence times between these species and their Amazonian sisters, in S. scansor a deep phylogeographic structure was identified, while in A. leucophthalmus no population was observed. From these results I analyzed the biogeographic hypotheses proposed to explain the origins of biodiversity patterns associated to the Neotroical Region and, in particular, to the Atlantic Forest.

Em Angra dos Reis, a população local, na primeira metade do século XIX, dedicava-se ao autoconsumo e ao mercado interno. Desenvolveram-se o comércio e os transportes, pois seus portos foram um dos principais meios de escoamento do café do vale do Paraíba fluminense e paulista, dinamizando a vida econômica. Entretanto, ao longo da segunda metade do Oitocentos, instalou-se, gradativamente, um quadro de transformações econômicas e demográficas, resultante do término do tráfico de escravos e da diminuição do movimento portuário em função da chegada da estrada de Ferro D. Pedro II ao vale. Diante desse panorama, analisamos as características e o grau de estabilidade das famílias escravas, entre 1801 e 1888, e de que forma foram atingidos na segunda metade do século XIX. Tais reflexões tiveram como parâmetro os dois núcleos básicos familiares: os formados pelo casal sem ou com filhos e aqueles constituídos por mães solteiras e filhos. As fontes principais utilizadas foram os inventários post-mortem e os registros de batismo e de casamento. Avaliamos, também, temas como, o matrimônio, a maternidade, o intercurso sexual, as famílias extensas, as famílias fraternas e o compadrio. Realizamos um mapeamento econômico, verificando o evolver da estrutura de posse de escravos e os tipos de produções encetados; bem como o perfil demográfico da população livre e cativa. Para isso, manuseamos documentos como, o Jornal do Commércio, o Almanak Laemmert, os recenseamentos de 1840, 1850 e de 1856, o Censo Nacional 1872 e os relatos de viajantes e cronistas. Portanto, com o presente estudo, desejamos contribuir para a produção do conhecimento sobre a escravidão e o litoral sul-fluminense, trazendo à tona a história das famílias cativas / In Angra dos Reis, in the first half of the XIX century, the local population was devoted to the selfconsumption and internal market. The commerc and transportation grew, as its ports were one of the main means of outlet of the coffee from the vleey of the Paraiba river in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, making the economy more dynamic. However, during the second half of XIX century, a panel of economic and demographic transformations was gradually settedresulting from the end of slave-traffic and the decreasing of the port activity due to the arrival of the D. Pedro II Raiboad to the valley. In face of this panorama, we analysed the characteristics and the degree of stability of the slave families between 1801 and 1888 and in which way they were affected in the second half of the XIX century. Such reflexions had as a paramater the two basic nuclei of family: the ones composed of the compe with or without children and those composed of urmarried mothers and their children. Post-mortem inventories and baptism and weddingregisters were the main sources used. We also evaluated themes like the wedding, the motherhood, the sexual intercourse, the big families yhe fraternal families and the baptism, We carried out a map of the economy verifying the evolving of the structure of slaves ownership, the types of productions initiated, as well as the demographic profile of the free and captive populations. For this, we handled docunments like the Jornal do connercio, the Almmanak Laemmert, the 1840, 1850 and 1856 census, the 1872 National Census and the reports of travelers and chroniclers. Therefore, with the present study, we wish to contribute to the production of Knowledge about slavery and the coast in the south osf Rio de Janeiro, bringing the history of the captive families to light

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo entender como o crescimento econômico paulista a partir da década de 1760, provocado a partir das medidas do Morgado de Mateus, refletiu-se na economia, na população, nos domicílios e na distribuição da riqueza em Santos, o principal porto da capitania de São Paulo. Também buscamos relacionar os grandes escravistas santistas a fim de acompanhar suas atividades econômicas e suas inter-relações. É neste período que houve medidas de monopólio a favor do porto santista, a melhora da estrada da Serra do Mar, com a construção da Calçada de Lorena, e a ampliação do comércio portuário, de abastecimento e exportação, instigado pela expansão da lavoura canavieira no Oeste Paulista. Para mensurar as características santistas, primeiramente o perfil portuário é delineado e, a seguir, comparado com o restante da capitania/província a fim de identificar as suas especificidades. / This thesis has the objective to understand how Sao Paulo economic growth of the 1760s, triggered from the measurements of the Morgado de Mateus, was reflected in the economy, population, households and the distribution of wealth in Santos, the main port of capitania of São Paulo. We also seek to relate the large slaveholders santistas to monitor economic activities and their interrelationships. It was on that moment that were monopoly measures for the port of Santos, the improvement of the road to Serra do Mar, with the construction of the Calçada de Lorena, and expansion of port commerce, supply and export, instigated by the expansion of sugar production in Oeste Paulista. To measure the characteristics of Santos, firstly the port profile is delineated and, then, compared with the rest of capitania/província to identify the specific characteristics.

No description available.

Ce mémoire présente, dans une première partie, une étude détaillée de la mortalité adulte des Canadiens-français nés entre 1620 et 1749. Des résultats inédits sont présentés sous forme de tables de mortalité abrégées avec entrées échelonnées. La comparaison de celles-ci permet de décrire les différences de comportement observées entre les hommes et les femmes, les populations de régions urbaines et rurales ainsi que trois groupes de générations s’étant succédé au cours de la période étudiée. Dans une deuxième partie, une étude de cas visant à confirmer l’influence du caractère familial sur la longévité est présentée. Une famille se distinguant par les durées de vie exceptionnellement longues de plusieurs de ses membres est comparée à une famille fictive de référence, représentative de la population moyenne de l’époque. Les résultats opposant ces deux familles consistent en des âges moyens au décès et des proportions de survivants à différents âges. Cette deuxième étude s’inscrit dans le prolongement des recherches effectuées avec les ascendances de Jeanne Calment et Marie-Louise Meilleur. Les informations tirées des registres paroissiaux du Québec ancien et consolidées informatiquement par le Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) dans une base de données appelée Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA) constituent la source exploitée pour la réalisation des deux parties du mémoire. / This thesis presents, in the first part, a detailed study of adult mortality of French-Canadians born between 1620 and 1749. New time published results are presented in the form of abridged life tables with staggered entries. The life tables are compared to ascertain behavioural differences between men and women, between residents of urban and rural regions and across three generations during the period studied. In the second part, the thesis presents a case study conducted to test the influence of inheritance on human longevity. A family distinguished by the exceptional longevity of several of its members is compared to a reference fictional family representative of the average population of the time. Evidence provided on these two families consists of mean ages at death and proportions of survivors at different ages. This case study builds on research conducted with the ancestry of Jeanne Calment and Marie Louise Meilleur. Information drawn from the parish registers of old Quebec computerized by the Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) in a database called Registre de la population du Québec ancien (RPQA) is the primary source used for the life tables and case study.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Ce mémoire présente une analyse indirecte détaillée des niveaux de la fécondité de la population canadienne au XIXe siècle. L’exploitation des recensements canadiens de 1852 et 1881 est rendue possible grâce au Programme de recherche en démographie historique (PRDH) constituant ainsi la source de données sur laquelle s'appuie ce mémoire. Une analyse critique du recensement canadien de 1852 établit qu’il est représentatif pour ce qui est de l’âge des individus, du sexe, de l’état matrimonial, du lieu de naissance et du type de maison habitée, malgré la destruction de près d’un tiers de ses manuscrits avant d’avoir été transposés sur microfilm. De plus, l’impact de l’absence totale ou partielle des données pour les villes est mitigé, car moins de 10 % de la population était établi en ville cette année-là. L’utilisation de micro-données censitaires permet d’élaborer différentes mesures de la fécondité, telles que le rapport enfants par femme et la méthode des enfants propres. Des résultats inédits sont d'ailleurs présentés, notamment à l’aide du recensement de 1852, car ces données n’ont pas encore été exploitées, permettant ainsi d’allonger dans le temps l’analyse de la fécondité.Une analyse différentielle du risque qu’ont les femmes mariées âgées entre 40 et 49 ans vivant avec un enfant de moins de 5 ans a démontré que la fécondité effective était plus élevée chez les femmes catholiques nées au Canada, appartenant au groupe d’âge plus jeune (40-44 ans), vivant en zone rurale et ayant un mari cultivateur. Nous concluons que ces associations sont évidentes autant en 1852 qu’en 1881. / This mémoire presents a detailed, indirect analysis of fertility levels of the Canadian population in the nineteenth century. The use of Canadian censuses of 1852 and 1881 is made possible through the Programme de recherche en démographiehistorique (PRDH) and is the source of data on which this mémoire is based. A critical analysis of the 1852 Census of Canada, one-third of which was destroyed prior to microfilming, establishes that it is representative with respect to the gender, the age, the marital status, the place of birth and the sort of house; the total or partial absence of data on cities is mitigated by the fact that less than 10% of the population in 1852 was city-dwellers. The use of census microdata allows the opportunity to elaborate different measures of fertility, including child-woman ratios and own-child measures of effective fertility. The use of the 1852 census allows us to extend this analysis backward to the mid-nineteenth century. A differential analysis of the risk that married women aged 40 to 49 lived with children aged 0 to 4 years demonstrates that effective fertility was highest among Canadian-born Catholics, aged between 40 and 44, living in a rural area and married to a farmer. We conclude that these associations were evident both in 1852 and in 1881.