In recent years, the sport of women's ice hockey is growing fast worldwide. Upon winning the bid to host the 2022 Winter Olympics, women's ice hockey in China started to develop rapidly. However, the development of women's ice hockey in China has encountered numerous challenges. These challenges include addressing traditional Chinese culture, gender norms, and the process of sport reform. This study used a qualitative case study methodology to examine the perspectives of Chinese women ice hockey players, coaches, club administrators, government administrators, and the parents of youth hockey players to understand how women's ice hockey navigated itself within the institutional complexity to gain legitimacy, and how the different institutional logics impacted the identities of organizations within women's ice hockey in China. An abductive grounded theory approach was used to analyze the transcriptions and archived documents. Findings indicated that there were challenges for the development of women's ice hockey in China at macro level, meso level, and micro level. Actors such as hockey administrations, professional clubs, and ice hockey coaches and players at different levels adopted multiple forms of institutional work to find out ways to incorporate institutional structures that mitigated the fact that there were multiple logics. In addition, influenced by competing logics, the organizations created collective identities to balance those logics. This study provides insights into how the actors within sport organizations create a more satisfactory environment to gain legitimacy.

La préférence manuelle est l'utilisation préférentielle de l'une des deux mains lors d'activité où une seule main est requise, des « activités unimanuelles ». La préférence latérale est l'attribution préférentielle de chaque main à un rôle lors d'activités où les deux mains sont requises et ont des rôles complémentaires, des « activités bimanuelles asymétriques ». Si la première a reçu beaucoup d'attention des chercheurs, ce n'est pas le cas de la seconde. Pourtant, la dernière est importante pour le développement global des enfants. Des études démontrent que la préférence latérale est dépendante de l'activité bimanuelle asymétrique exécutée, ce qui implique qu'elle devrait être étudiée pour chacune de ces activités. Le hockey sur glace est un cas intéressant dans ce domaine d'étude, car les déterminants de sa préférence latérale sont particulièrement nébuleux, même en comparaison avec les autres activités bimanuelles asymétriques. Ainsi, l'objectif de l'étude était de documenter la trajectoire développementale de la préférence latérale au hockey sur glace : quand elle apparait et quels sont les facteurs qui l'influencent. L'échantillon était composé de 106 enfants de trois à six ans. Leur préférence latérale préférée au hockey sur glace, leurs performances de maniement de rondelle selon les deux prises de bâton possibles et leur préférence manuelle étaient collectées. Ces mêmes variables étaient mesurées chez l'un de leurs deux parents, à la différence que la préférence latérale était déterminée par questionnaire et que ce parent devait, en plus des autres variables, identifier les facteurs déterminants de la préférence latérale au hockey sur glace de son enfant. Les résultats d'une régression linéaire segmentée et d'analyses catégorielles n'ont pas permis de cibler un âge précis de détermination de la préférence latérale dans la tranche d'âge observée, mettant en évidence la complexité de cette habileté. Néanmoins, certains résultats, pris indépendamment des autres, pourraient appuyer la position selon laquelle le développement de cette préférence pourrait commencer vers l'âge de cinq ans. De plus, en postulant que la préférence latérale pour le hockey sur glace est déterminée en fonction de la familiarité avec le sport au lieu de l'âge, la présente étude appuie l'hypothèse d'un effet de la culture sur les proportions de préférence latérale au hockey sur glace. Finalement, outre l'observation, la préférence manuelle et l'influence parentale qui ont toutes reçu un soutien relatif dans la présente étude, les résultats ont surtout révélé qu'un déterminant important de la préférence latérale au hockey sur glace est le choix de l'enfant. / Manual preference is the preferential use of one of the two hands in activities where only one of them is required, "unimanual activities". Lateral preference is the preferential manual distribution of roles in activities where both hands are required to play complementary roles, "asymmetrical bimanual activities". While the former has received much attention from researchers, the latter has not. Yet the latter is important to children's overall development. Some studies show that lateral preference is highly task-specific, which implies that it should be studied for each asymmetrical bimanual activity. Ice hockey is an interesting case on the topic as the determinants of its lateral preference are particularly unclear, even in comparison with other asymmetrical bimanual activities. Thus, the aim of the study was to document the developmental trajectory of lateral preference in ice hockey: when it appears and what factors influence it. The sample consisted of 106 children aged three to six. Their preferred lateral preference in ice hockey, their stick-handling skills with each of the two possible stick grips and their manual preference were all collected. In addition, one of their two parents was also measured on these variables, but their lateral preference was measured by questionnaire and they had, in addition, to identify the determinants of their child's lateral preference for ice hockey. The results of segmented linear regression and categorical analyses failed to identify, within the observed age range, a precise age of determination of lateral preference, highlighting the complexity of this skill. Nevertheless, some results, taken independently from the others, could support the argument that the development of this preference could begin around the age of five. Moreover, by postulating that ice hockey's lateral preference is determined based on familiarity with the sport instead of age, the present study supports a hypothetical cultural effect on the proportions of lateral preference in ice hockey. Finally, in addition to observation, manual preference and parental influence, all of which received relative support in the present study, the results primarily identified children's choice as one of the important determinants of lateral preference for ice hockey.

Att folk inte förstår vad man säger beror på flera olika anledningar. En självklar orsak till att detta är till exempel givetvis om man inte talar samma språk. Men även om man skulle begripa varandra i en konversation betyder inte det att sändarens budskap tolkas på önskat sätt av mottagaren. Kommunikationen är avgörande för att en förståelse mellan två parter ska kunna skapas. Stuart Hall (1973) problematiserar kommunikationsprocessen och kedjan från det att meddelandet produceras till dess distribution och slutliga konsumtion. Kommunikationen mellan kodare och avkodare är aldrig given i sin överenskommelse. Att man talar samma språk betyder följaktligen inte att man förstår varandra fullt ut. Det finns många andra faktorer som påverkar hur meddelandet avkodas av mottagaren. Vi har valt att undersöka hur två hockeyklubbar kommunicerar med sina supportrar. Studiens syfte är att göra en jämförelse mellan de två varumärkena. I respektive varumärkes identitet och image söks likheter och olikheter. Den eventuella varumärkeskongruensen studeras ur ett kommunikativt perspektiv.   Intentionen är att ta reda på hur kommunikativa processer kan påverka varumärkens identitet och image och relationen mellan dem. Det teoretiska ramverk som använts består av marknadskommunikation, encoding och decoding och varumärkesteori. Under varumärkesteorin följer kompletteringar om sport och varumärken, varumärkesidentitet och varumärkesimage. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ och en kvantitativ metod. Den kvalitativa metoden består av gruppintervjuer som utförts för att fastställa varumärkenas identiteter medan den kvantitativa metoden utgörs av enkäter som identifierar varumärkenas image. En av de slutsatser som presenteras i studien är att det både finns kongruens och skillnader angående överensstämmelsen mellan varumärkesidentitet- och image. Sammanfattningsvis går det att konstatera att resurser utgör den stora skillnaden klubbarna mellan i förutsättningen för att mottagarna ska kunna tillgodoses på ett bra sätt. / The reason people don’t understand what others are saying can depend on a lot of things. One obvious reason would be that two individuals don’t speak the same language. Even if the two individuals would understand the words in a conversation, it’s not certain that the meaning of the message reaches the receiver the intended way. The communication settles the agreement for understanding between two parts. Stuart Hall (1973) problematizes the communication process and the chain from when the message is created and coded with meaning, through its distribution until its consumption. The communication between an encoder and a decoder are not ever certain. To not speak the same language is the same as not understanding each other. There are many other factors that influence how the receiver decodes a message.   This thesis aims to identify the brand congruence related to two Swedish ice hockey brands. The intention is to examine how communicative processes can influence the differences between how the brand identity and brand image are interpreted. The theory frame used in the thesis concludes of the following theories; Marketing Communication, Encoding and Decoding and Brand Theory. The Brand Theory is specified within the areas of Sports and Brands, Brand Identity and Brand Image.  The thesis includes both a qualitative and a quantitative method. The qualitative interviews are used to establish the brand identities while the quantitative questionnaire study aims to define the brand images. One of the major conclusions is that there are both congruence and differences in the comparison within both of the brands. Another conclusion is that the differences in how substantial the congruence is relates to resources and the brands background.

Thesis (MScSportSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: There is a lack of research in the sport of field hockey, specifically where monitoring of fatigue and recovery is concerned. The primary aim of the study was thus to monitor the accumulative fatigue and recovery state of elite field hockey players during the different phases of a competitive season. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the changes in heart rate recovery of elite hockey players; to determine the changes in perceptual fatigue; to determine the relationship between players’ perceptions of recovery and stress; and to determine the relationship between the objective and subjective measures of recovery and fatigue over different phases during a competitive season. Elite female hockey players (n = 15) from Stellenbosch University were monitored over 23 weeks. This group comprised of players from the first team (Maties) and second team (VICS) of the club. The following tests were administered: the Heart rate Interval Monitoring System (HIMS) test with the use of SUUNTO heart rate monitors and SUUNTO Team Manager, the Perceptual Fatigue questionnaire (on a weekly basis), and the Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport 76) (during each phase of their normal competition cycle). There were a number of significant findings (p<0.05) relating to the aim and objectives of the study. One of the main findings was that there were significant differences between the phases with regard to the measured variables. Players experienced significantly more Fatigue, Lack of Energy and Pressure during the first Competition phase. With regard to the HIMS, players performed the best during the second Competition phase, following the university holidays. Even though not all the differences were statistically significant, collectively the results indicate that these monitoring tools can be used for teams. An added advantage with all three monitoring tools is that each person can be used as their own baseline. In a team setting it gives the coach and support team the opportunity to individualise training programmes and recovery methods. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Daar is ‘n tekort aan navorsing in hokkie, en spesifiek in die monitering van vermoeienis en herstel by spelers. Die hoofdoel van die studie was dus om akkumulerende vermoeienis en die hersteltoestand van elite hokkiespelers gedurende verskillende fases van die kompetisie seisoen te monitor. Die spesifieke doelwitte van die studie was om die verandering in hartspoed herstel van die hoë vlak spelers te bepaal; om veranderinge in perseptuele vermoeienis te bepaal; om die verwantskap tussen die spelers se persepsies van herstel en stress te bepaal; om die verwantskap tussen die objektiewe en subjektiewe van herstel en vermoeienis oor die verskillende fases tydens die kompetisie seisoen te bepaal. Elite vroue hokkie spelers (n = 15) van Stellenbosch was oor 23 weke gemonitor. Hierdie groep het uit spelers van die eerste span (Maties) en die tweede span (VICS) van die klub bestaan. Die volgende toetse was uitgevoer: Die Hartspoed Interval Monitering Sisteem (HIMS) toets met behulp van die SUUNTO hartspoed monitors en die SUUNTO span administrasie sisteem; en die Perseptuele Vermoeienis vraelys was op ‘n weeklikse basis voltooi, terwyl die Herstel Stres vraelys vir Sportmense (RESTQ-Sport 76) gedurende elke fase van hul oefensiklus voltooi is. Daar was ‘n aantal betekenisvolle bevindings (p<0.05) wat verband hou met die doel en doelwitte van die studie. Een van die hoof bevindings was dat daar betekenisvolle verskille tussen die fases was met betrekking tot die veranderlikes. Spelers het beduidend meer Vermoeienis, Gebrek aan Energie en Druk gedurende die eerste Kompetisie fase ervaar. Met betrekking tot die HIMS het spelers die beste presteer gedurende die tweede Kompetisie fase, na afloop van ‘n rus periode gedurende die universiteitsvakansie. Hoewel al die verskille nie statisties beduidend was nie, is daar aangedui dat die moniterings instrumente geskik is vir gebruik by spanne. ‘n Verdere voordeel by al drie moniterings instrumente is dat elke persoon as sy eie basislyn kan dien. In ‘n spanopset bied dit aan die afrigter en ondersteuningspan die geleentheid om oefening en herstelmetodes te individualiseer.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Title: Comparison of the individual skills and game situation between mini and regular ice hockey rink at 9 - 10 years old players. Objectives: To find out and compare frequency of individual skills and game situations between mini and regular ice rink at 9 - 10 old players. Methods: The research was carried out and analyzed with video recording of 16 ice hockey games - 6 mini hockey and 10 regular ice hockey games during the season 2014/2015. The research has been made up by 6 players born 2005/2006 from HC Sparta Praha. Gained data have been entered into table and subsequently statistically evaluated and compared using the range of scatter analysis (ANOVA). Results: The diference between avarage frequency of followed individual skills (puck kontrol, passing and receiving and shooting) comparing mini and regular ice hockey ring has been in all cases in benefit of mini hockey. There has been one exception - the unsuccessful receiving puck, where both areas had been equally qualified. The statistical significance of following parametrs, according to ANOVA, have been in all cases confirmed, except receiving puck. Mini hockey has always been in benefit, in following situation (1 - 1, 2 - 0, 2 - 1), however 2 - 1 situation, according to ANOVA has never been relevant. Key words: ice hockey, individual...

Title: Czechs and Slovaks in the first season of the second century of NHL Abstract The theme od the thesis are Czechs and Slovaks in the first season of the second century of NHL. The main aim of my work is to analyze the course of the season 2017-2018. In my work I will focus on the Czech and Slovak players and their comparison with players from the other European countries and with USA and Canada ice hockey superpowers. The comparison will be focused on the number of players, Canadian points, players' productivity in the 2017 NHL Entry Draft, their average age, and the players' age versus productivity. I will also focus on the team statistics (representation of Czechs, Slovaks and Europeans in each team). Key words Ice hockey, NHL, ice hockey players, Czechs, Slovaks, Europeans, goals, points

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever como ocorreu a trajetória da modalidade hóquei sobre a grama e indoor no estado do Rio Grande do Sul com base nas ações realizadas no primeiro mandato da Federação de Hóquei sobre a Grama e Indoor do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FHERS) entre os anos 2010 e 2014. Esta pesquisa histórico-documental foi feita por meio de revisão bibliográfica e pela análise de documentos e de fontes orais. Foram realizadas seis entrevistas com fundadores e dirigentes do primeiro e segundo mandatos da FHERS. As fontes revelaram que a trajetória da modalidade no estado está vinculada a clubes, escolas, projetos sociais e universidades. Estas instituições foram o alicerce para o desenvolvimento de cursos, oficinas, workshops, vivências e para a realização de atividades permanentes, tais como a prática nas aulas de educação física e em projetos de extensão (escolar e universitário), a criação da disciplina eletiva da modalidade na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e a realização de festivais e campeonatos da modalidade. Em razão de o Brasil sediar os Jogos Pan-Americanos e os Jogos Olímpicos, a FHERS encontrou um ambiente propício para a implantação desse esporte no território sul-rio-grandense, visto que estavam disponíveis recursos financeiros tanto da esfera nacional quanto estadual, além da visibilidade dada ao esporte devido a esses megaeventos. / The study describes how the historical trajectory of the sport Field Hockey and Indoor Hockey occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul through the actions accomplished in the first mandate of the Rio Grande do Sul State Field Hockey and Indoor Hockey Federation (FHERS) between 2010 and 2014. The historical documentary research was carried out through literature review, document analysis and oral sources. Six interviews were conducted with founders and leaders of the first and second mandate of FHERS. The sources revealed that the history of the sport in the state is linked to clubs, schools, social projects and Universities, which were the foundation for the development of courses, workshops, field work and the performance of ongoing activities, such as the practice in Physical Education classes and extension projects (school and University level), the creation of the elective subject at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the organization of festivals and championships. The FHERS found a favorable environment for the implementation of the sport in the Rio Grande do Sul State territory due to the incentive available in the national and state level as the resources and visibility given to the sport due of the Pan American and Olympic Games.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever como ocorreu a trajetória da modalidade hóquei sobre a grama e indoor no estado do Rio Grande do Sul com base nas ações realizadas no primeiro mandato da Federação de Hóquei sobre a Grama e Indoor do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (FHERS) entre os anos 2010 e 2014. Esta pesquisa histórico-documental foi feita por meio de revisão bibliográfica e pela análise de documentos e de fontes orais. Foram realizadas seis entrevistas com fundadores e dirigentes do primeiro e segundo mandatos da FHERS. As fontes revelaram que a trajetória da modalidade no estado está vinculada a clubes, escolas, projetos sociais e universidades. Estas instituições foram o alicerce para o desenvolvimento de cursos, oficinas, workshops, vivências e para a realização de atividades permanentes, tais como a prática nas aulas de educação física e em projetos de extensão (escolar e universitário), a criação da disciplina eletiva da modalidade na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) e a realização de festivais e campeonatos da modalidade. Em razão de o Brasil sediar os Jogos Pan-Americanos e os Jogos Olímpicos, a FHERS encontrou um ambiente propício para a implantação desse esporte no território sul-rio-grandense, visto que estavam disponíveis recursos financeiros tanto da esfera nacional quanto estadual, além da visibilidade dada ao esporte devido a esses megaeventos. / The study describes how the historical trajectory of the sport Field Hockey and Indoor Hockey occurred in the state of Rio Grande do Sul through the actions accomplished in the first mandate of the Rio Grande do Sul State Field Hockey and Indoor Hockey Federation (FHERS) between 2010 and 2014. The historical documentary research was carried out through literature review, document analysis and oral sources. Six interviews were conducted with founders and leaders of the first and second mandate of FHERS. The sources revealed that the history of the sport in the state is linked to clubs, schools, social projects and Universities, which were the foundation for the development of courses, workshops, field work and the performance of ongoing activities, such as the practice in Physical Education classes and extension projects (school and University level), the creation of the elective subject at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) and the organization of festivals and championships. The FHERS found a favorable environment for the implementation of the sport in the Rio Grande do Sul State territory due to the incentive available in the national and state level as the resources and visibility given to the sport due of the Pan American and Olympic Games.