Le dopage sportif est un phénomène reconnu dans le monde du sport et pose divers problèmes en matière d'éthique, mais engendre également des effets négatifs sur la santé des athlètes qui consomment des substances interdites. Pour contrer ce problème de la pratique sportive, la prévention est identifiée comme une avenue prometteuse. Diverses stratégies sont ainsi employées pour prévenir le dopage sportif et dissuader les athlètes de consommer des substances interdites. Parmi ces stratégies, on retrouve la réalisation de tests antidopage, de même que l'éducation antidopage (Agence mondiale antidopage, 2021b). À ce jour, les athlètes sont les premiers à bénéficier de l'éducation antidopage. Or, il a été récemment reconnu que l'éducation antidopage pourrait également s'adresser aux personnes qui ont une relation de proximité avec les athlètes. Les entraîneurs sont parmi les personnes identifiées à titre d'individus ayant une relation de proximité auprès des athlètes et bénéficiaires de l'éducation antidopage. Les résultats de recherches suggèrent qu'à ce jour, peu est connu quant aux croyances, aux connaissances et à l'attitude des entraîneurs envers la prévention du dopage sportif. De surcroit, peu de formations s'adresseraient à eux. La présente thèse de doctorat a ainsi pour principal objectif d'améliorer les connaissances à l'égard de la prévention du dopage sportif selon la perspective des entraîneurs, c'est-à-dire comprendre et identifier les facteurs et les déterminants qui incitent ou encore qui freinent les entraîneurs à intervenir pour prévenir le dopage sportif. Ce nouvel éclairage sur ce problème de la pratique sportive pourrait permettre de convaincre les entraîneurs d'intervenir pour le prévenir. Pour ce faire, la théorie du comportement planifié a été retenue pour cadre théorique afin de comprendre ce qui incite les entraîneurs à prévenir le dopage sportif auprès des athlètes qu'ils encadrent. Pour y parvenir, une série de trois études ont été réalisées. La première étude avait pour but de valider une échelle de mesure du comportement de prévention du dopage sportif par les entraîneurs. Les résultats de cette étude sont présentés dans le premier article et suggèrent une bonne validité de l'échelle composée de neuf items. Cette échelle a donc été utilisée dans la seconde étude, dont les résultats sont présentés au second article. En utilisant la théorie du comportement planifié comme cadre de référence, cette seconde étude avait pour but d'identifier les déterminants de l'intention comportementale, de même que les déterminants du comportement de prévention du dopage sportif. Les résultats indiquent que l'intention comportementale est prédite par la norme sociale descriptive, de même que par l'attitude et que seule l'intention comportementale permet de prédire le comportement des entraîneurs d'intervenir auprès des athlètes encadrés pour prévenir le dopage sportif. Également, quelques croyances s'avèrent corrélées à leur construit respectif. À l'aune de ces déterminants et de ces croyances, une formation a donc été conçue pour tenter de les modifier ou de les renforcer. Cette formation avait pour but non seulement d'augmenter les connaissances d'entraîneurs de hockey sur glace à l'égard du dopage sportif, mais également d'augmenter la fréquence de réalisation de comportements de prévention chez les entraîneurs. L'évaluation de cette formation est l'objet du troisième article de cette thèse. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent l'effet, en faveur de la formation, comparativement au groupe sans formation, sur les déterminants de l'intention comportementale, soit l'attitude et la norme sociale injonctive, mais que cet effet favorable est moindre sur l'intention, de même que sur le comportement. La présente thèse porte sur la prévention du dopage sportif auprès d'entraîneurs du Québec. Malgré l'influence démontrée de l'entraîneur auprès des athlètes qu'il encadre, peu d'études se sont intéressées à son opinion relativement à la prévention du dopage et à sa formation en matière de prévention de ce phénomène auprès des athlètes. Les résultats des études menées dans le cadre de cette thèse permettront donc d'améliorer les connaissances en ce sens. / Doping in sport is a recognized phenomenon in the world of sport and leads to various ethical problems, as well as adverse health effects in athletes who use prohibited substances. Prevention is identified as a promising avenue to overcome this problem. Various strategies are used to prevent doping in sport and to dissuade athletes from using it. These strategies include doping control and anti-doping education (Agence mondiale antidopage, 2021b). To date, athletes are the primary beneficiaries of anti-doping education. However, it has recently been recognized that anti-doping education could also be oriented to those who have a close relationship with athletes. Coaches are among those individuals and benefit from anti-doping education. Research findings suggest that little is known about coaches' beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes towards doping prevention. Furthermore, there are few anti-doping educations aimed at coaches. Therefore, the main objective of this doctoral thesis is to improve knowledge about coaches' doping prevention in sport. That is, to understand and identify the factors and determinants that encourage or hinder coaches from preventing doping in sport. This new insight into this problem of sports practice could help to convince coaches to intervene in order to prevent it. To this end, the theory of planned behaviour was used as a theoretical framework to understand what motivates coaches to prevent doping in sport among the athletes they coach. Three studies were conducted to achieve this. The objective of the first study was to validate a scale to measure coaches' sports doping prevention behaviour. The results of this study are presented in the first article and suggest good validity of the nine-item scale. Therefore, this scale was used in the second study, for which results are presented in the second article. The second study used the theory of planned behaviour as a framework and aimed to identify behavioural intention and doping prevention behaviour determinants. The results indicate that behavioural intention is predicted by descriptive social norm and attitude and behavioural intention were the only predictors of coaches' behaviour to intervene with supervised athletes to prevent sports doping. Also, some beliefs were correlated with their respective constructs. Based on these determinants and beliefs, an educational course was developed to modify or reinforce them. This educational course aimed to increase the knowledge of ice hockey coaches about doping and increase the frequency with which coaches carry out preventive behaviours. The evaluation of this training is the subject of the third article of this thesis. Although the results of this study show that the education course had a favourable effect on behavioural intention determinants (i.e., attitude and injunctive social norms), this effect was less pronounced on intention and behaviour, compared to the control group. This thesis focuses on the prevention of doping in sport among Quebec coaches. Despite the proven influence of coaches on the athletes they supervise, few studies have examined their opinions on doping prevention and their training in preventing doping among athletes. Therefore, the results of the studies carried out in this thesis will help to improve knowledge in this area.

Le nationalisme est souvent présenté comme étant civique ou ethnique. En réalité, toute nation se définit avant tout par sa culture. Les États, le plus souvent composés de deux ou plusieurs nations, sont le théâtre permanent d'une guerre culturelle. Inspiré par le cadre théorique défini par le post-structuralisme et le post-colonialisme, l’objectif de la recherche est de montrer que le sport en tant qu’agent culturel actif a historiquement été instrumentalisé pour alimenter la guerre culturelle au sein des États. L'analyse critique des différents écrits académiques touchant au Canadien de Montréal montre comment la guerre culturelle s’est déployée sur le territoire du Québec à travers les pratiques discursives qui ont sculpté les représentations symboliques de cette équipe de hockey. / The theory of nationalism is often delineated by its civic or ethnic counterparts. In fact, every nation is defined by its culture. Therefore, the state is permanently under siege in a culture war of the nations. The aim of this research is to show in a historical perspective how sport as a cultural agent can be instrumentalised in the conduct of the culture war. Critical analysis of the discursive practices surrounding the hockey club Montreal Canadiens show how the culture war took place on the territory of Québec. Post- structuralism and post-colonialism are used as a theoretical framework.

The thesis "Media image of nine ice hockey world championships in the Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in the contemporary press" focuses on reporting on nine ice hockey world championships hosted by the Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic in media. This is done by qualitative analysis of articles in the contemporary press in both specialized sports daily or weekly papers and general papers. The goal of this thesis is to prove how the style of reporting changed since the first championship in 1933 through seven decades to the last one in 2004. Apart from analyzing the degree and target of critique and style of reporting, it also focuses on the influence of current political climate and propaganda in the period between world wars, after the World War II, 1968 Russian occupation and shortly after the Velvet revolution. The reporting period was set at one month before the start of each tournament and two weeks after it's end. In case of 1933 and 1938 championships, the thesis analyzes the following papers: Rudé právo, České slovo, Národní politika. In later years: Československý sport, Mladá fronta, Rudé právo, Svobodné slovo (all daily), Stadión and Gól (both weekly). After the Velvet revolution: Sport, Právo, MF Dnes (all daily). The analysis focuses mostly on the content of the reporting.

Title: Methodology for development of skating technique on a skatemill Goals: The objective of the present study is to compile available methodology knowledge re-garding the improvement of skating technique using a skatemill, and to analyse the pro-gress of skating technique in selected ice-hockey players during a comprehensive train-ing programme, where a skating simulator is used. Keywords: Ice Hockey, skatemill, kinematic analysis, hockey skills, motoric skills, ska-ting, modern aids. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Title: Comparison of performance in test of skating with and without the puck among the Extraleague U16 competition defensemen and forwards Objectives: The aim of this diploma thesis is to compare basic ice hockey skills of defensemen and forwards in a skating test carried out with and without the puck. We would like to analyze the data we receive, draw conclusions about the skills of players and come up with practice recommendations for defensemen and forwards. Methods: The diploma thesis was written from a methodological point of view based on experiment, which resulted in a comparative analysis by using different statistical methods. The testing was done on ice hockey stadiums of HC Hvězda Praha, HC Slavia Praha and HC Letci Letňany. The tested group of ice hockey players came from HC Hvězda Praha, HC Slavia Praha and HC Letci Letňany who play in the Extraleague U16 competition. Results: From the results and comparison of average performances of the U16 players we can conclude that the defensemen did not dominate over the forwards in backward skating, tests carried out with the puck. The difference performances of backward skating without the puck was 0,12sec (in favor of the forwards) and in backward skating with the puck 0,69sec (in favor of the forwards). And not even when comparing deficient...

Title: The influence of two different lower limb exercises on the speed of skating during dry land training in young ice hockey players aged 17 to 20. Aim: The aim of this study was comparation of the effect of two variations in preseason pre preparation on speed of skating. Methods: The hockey players in the age from 17 to 20, who have been training ice hockey for 12 - 14 years, have been watched. The hockey players have been divided into two groups on the base of the technology of the skating. The speed of the skating, have been measured at all hockey players at the beginning of the watching. Then the hockey players have absolved the summer preparation. The capacity of the training has been the same for both groups (the amount of the lessons, frequency, etc.). The difference was in the way of performing of some exercises, mainly the exercising of the legs. The first group has been doing the exercises in the "speed" form, while the second group has been doing the exercises in the " strength" form. The effect of the used training has been controlled by the motoric tests. The speed of the ice skating has been evaluated again before the beginning of the playing season. The results have been statistically elaborated and compared. The results: Both training systems have significantly improved...

Title: Rytiri Kladno hockey match benefits for spectrators Objectives: Analysis and description of benefits, taken from the visiting Rytiri Kladno hockey game to spectators in the season 2012/2013. Finding satisfaction with individual benefits and propose measures that could lead to increased satisfaction and increase attendance. Methods: observation, electronic survey, written interview, personal interview Results: Proposals and recommendations to improve spectator satisfaction and increased attendance. Keywords: Rytiry Kladno, marketing research, ice hockey, hockey match benefits, spectator satisfaction

Title: Process of motional abilities for under 16 ice hockey players in preliminary term Author: Bc. Branislav Lobotka Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Jiří Suchý, Ph.D. Objective: The aim of this thesis was to design and implement a training program for development of motor skills of junior ice hockey players and it's subsequent verification in practice during preparation period 2011/2012. This thesis is based and builds on author's Bachelor thesis, in which the author analysed fitness preparation of juniors in preparation period 2010/2011. In the thesis are both fitness programs compared and analysed. As for scientific research, the author worked with hockey team HK Dukla Trencin. Conclusions and hypothesis are listed in the conclusion of the thesis. Methods: In thesis was used method of research, the method of observation, methods of literary sources, method of interview and method of measurement and testing. Results: The obtained results should form a basis for further development of fitness plans for junior ice hockey players' preparation periods. Key words: ice-hockey, athletic phase, motional abilities, U16 ice-hockey players, training, tests.

O ambiente competitivo atual tem colocado pressão no processo de tomada de decisão no mundo corporativo. Os trade-offs das prioridades competitivas discutidos na elaboração da estratégia como custo, qualidade, serviço e flexibilidade já não são suficientes. Estes trade-offs, embora importantes no curto prazo, devem ser compatibilizados de modo que as empresas que tenham o melhor balanço entre eles devam ter resultado superior. Um dos trade-offs bastante discutido é o equilíbrio entre serviço e estoque. A percepção é que seja improvável alcançar excelência no serviço sem ter um considerável nível de estoque. Deste cenário nasce então o paradoxo do uso de sistemas MRP (Material Requirement Planning) versus sistemas JIT (Just in Time), ou melhor, sistemas empurrados versus puxados, já que a escolha por um ou outro sistema tem ligação íntima com a gestão de estoque. Se por um lado os sistemas MRP são largamente utilizados, via softwares ERP, por outro sistemas JIT têm trazido importantes melhorias nos resultados. Embora muitas empresas considerem a adoção exclusiva de um ou outro sistema, algumas delas têm adotado um processo híbrido com o objetivo de tirar o melhor de cada sistema e gerar assim desempenho superior. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar como as empresas inseridas em mercados caracterizados pela concentração de demanda no final do mês (fenômeno conhecido como hockey-stick), e baixo acerto nas previsões de demanda, estão aplicando suas estratégias de planejamento de produção e seus ERP. Se por um lado a baixa acurácia nas previsões causa um problema na aplicação de estratégias empurradas de planejamento, pois requer um alto estoque de segurança associado, por outro a concentração de embarque dificulta a adoção de uma estratégia puramente puxada, já que o sistema não tem a estabilidade necessária. Para cumprir com este objetivo seis estudos de caso foram conduzidos e os resultados encontrados, suportados pela teoria, sugerem o aparecimento de um modelo híbrido eficaz para planejamento no ambiente estudado assim como o aparecimento de um sistema DSS (Decision Support System). Outra contribuição desta pesquisa foi identificar, em um dos casos, uma empresa que conseguiu atacar de maneira eficaz o fenômeno em sua causa raiz neutralizando assim seus efeitos. / The highly competitive environment of modern times has put pressure on the decision-making process in the corporate world. The trade-offs of competitive priorities such as cost, quality, service and flexibility are no longer enough. These trade-offs, albeit important in the short term, must be matched so that companies that have the best balance between them should have superior results. One of the tradeoffs widely discussed is the balance between service level and inventory. The perception is that excellence is not likely to be achieved in service without having a significant level of inventory. From this scenario comes the paradox of using MRP systems (Material Requirement Planning) versus JIT systems (Just in Time), or rather \"pushed\" systems versus \"pulled\" systems since the option for one or the other system has a close connection with inventory management. On the one hand, MRP systems are widely used in industry through ERP software; on the other hand, JIT systems have obtained better results. While many companies consider adopting one or another system, some of them adopt a hybrid process with the goal of taking the best of each system and generate superior performance. The purpose of this research is to investigate how companies inserted in markets characterized by sales peak at the end of the month (hockey-stick phenomenon), and low accuracy in demand forecasts, are applying their production planning strategies and their ERP. Low forecast accuracy causes a problem in applying pushed strategies as it requires a high safety stock associated. Conversely, the sales peak hinders the adoption of a purely pull strategy since the system does not have the necessary stability. To meet this goal, six case studies were conducted and the results found and supported by the theory suggest the emergence of an effective hybrid model for planning in the environment studied as well as the appearance of a DSS (Decision Support System). Another contribution of this research was to identify in one of the cases a company that managed to effectively tackle the phenomenon in the root cause, neutralizing its effects.

<p>Background: There has been a movement of power towards customers in most markets which puts higher demands upon the customer orientation of organizations to survive competition. In general the opinion is that satisfied customers also are profitable for the organization. Even though a consciousness exists about this connections importance for the organization there exists no prominent economical theory showing how a organization should work with customer adaptation and how management should be shaped for success in this area. In the field of competitive sports clubs a similar trend is discernible since the field is increasingly commercialized.</p><p>Purpose: The purpose of this study is to adapt The Balanced Scorecard as a model to the demands on management that customer orientation causes and to use the knowledge created during the study to show how customer orientation in a competitive sports club could look.</p><p>Realization: The study first takes the form of a literature study which emerges into a theoretic development. Above that a case study of Linköpings Hockey Club has been accomplished so that knowledge created from the literature study could be used on competitive sports clubs. Information to the case study has been gathered through interviews.</p><p>Results: A development of the Balanced Scorecard takes place so that the model is better adapted for customer orientated organizations and for practical use of the model. The development is based on the demands on management caused by the customer adaptation process the authors find necessary for a customer orientated organization. Thanks to usage of the developed Balanced Scorecard competitive sports clubs may improve their prerequisites for customer orientation.</p> / <p>Bakgrund: En förskjutning av makten på marknaden har skett till kundernas fördel vilket ställer högre krav på organisationer att vara kundinriktade för att överleva. Generellt är synen att kunder som är tillfredsställda också är lönsamma för organisationen vanlig. Trots medvetenhet om detta sambands betydelse finns egentligen ingen framstående ekonomisk teori som visar hur organisationen ska arbeta med kundanpassning och hur organisationen ska styras för att nå dit. En liknande trend går att urskilja även inom den allt mer kommersialiserade idrottsrörelsen, framförallt på elitnivå.</p><p>Syfte: Syftet med studien är att anpassa det balanserade styrkortet som modell till de krav på ett styrsystem som en kundinriktad verksamhet medför samt att använda den i studien genererade kunskapen till att visa hur kundinriktningen i en elitidrottsförening kan se ut.</p><p>Genomförande: Studien bygger på en litteraturstudie som mynnar ut i en teoriutveckling. Därutöver har en fallstudie av Linköpings Hockey Club genomförts för att kunna tillämpa kunskap från litteraturstudien på elitidrottsföreningar. Information till fallstudien har samlats in genom intervjuer.</p><p>Resultat: En utveckling av det balanserade styrkortet har utförts för att modellen ska vara bättre anpassad till kundinriktade organisationer och för att förenkla ett praktiskt användande av modellen. Utvecklingen grundas på de krav som uppstår genom den kundanpassningsprocess vi anser vara nödvändig för en kundinriktad organisation. Elitidrottsföreningar kan genom tillämpning av utvecklingen av det balanserade styrkortet få bättre förutsättningar att agera kundinriktat.</p>