A população negra, principalmente a sua juventude, é a maior vítima de homicídios no Brasil. Na cidade de São Paulo o fenômeno se repete e revela uma concentração dos homicídios nos distritos mais vulneráveis socialmente. Nestes territórios vive a maioria da população negra, corroborando uma articulação perversa entre vulnerabilidade à morte e raça no espaço urbano da cidade. São Paulo tem suas origens na segregação socioespacial e nas políticas de exclusão do escravismo tardio. A maior vitimização por homicídios da população negra nos territórios mais vulneráveis da capital paulista não é um fato pontual, episódico, mas foi construído sistematicamente / The black people, especially its youth is the biggest victim of homicide in Brazil, in the city of São Paulo, the phenomenon is repeated. The concentration of homicides occurs in places with greater social vulnerability, in that places lives the majority of black people. There is a perverse link between vulnerability to death and race in the urban space of São Paulo city, which had been created in the urban segregation and the exclusion policies of the late slavery, the homicides in black people on the most vulnerable areas of São Paulo It isnt only an isolated fact, but was built systematically

從元、清兩代之建國簡史來對照，發現了一相似的共點：蒙古族與滿族完全進入中國江北、江南地區，統治另一個不相同文化體系之漢族農業社會。若仍以蒙古族及滿族在未入主中原前之簡陋律令，欲治理廣大漢族居住之地區，必會有「捉襟見肘」之窘境，故有繼受之舉。而漢族地區歷代政權頒行之刑律中，「六殺」之「誤殺」一項，更能反映出漢族地區刑律思想中，對不同「誤殺」樣態，有高度區別能力之一面。為探究蒙古族及滿族統治者，面臨較細緻之漢族刑律責任思想時，有何不同之繼受態度，分析元律與清律中之「誤殺」類型與型態。全文共有五章。

La présente recherche vise à élaborer une perspective nouvelle d'analyse de la scène de crime sérielle selon un paradigme psycho-criminologique. A cette fin, il sera fait usage d'une méthodologie à plusieurs niveaux, combinant approche phénoménologique, avec analyse de données statistiques, et ce, de façon comparative. Les discours se positionnant sur la scène et son analyse seront d'abord identifiés et présentés, qu'il s'agisse du discours légal, du discours médico-légal, du discours policier, du discours « psy », du discours politique ou encore du discours médiatique. Puis des scènes de morts, violentes et non violentes, criminelles, et non criminelles, codées lors de séjours de recherches dans deux instituts médico-légaux (l'un en France, l'autre aux Etats-Unis) seront utilisées de façon statistique comme illustration de la complexité phénoménologique de la scène. Ces mêmes scènes seront ensuite analysées qualitativement, afin de donner du relief aux analyses statistiques

The focus of the thesis is on violent offenders with schizophrenia and their relatives. The aims were to explore incidence of violent crimes, the extent to which family members were victims, to investigate individual background factors among violent offenders, and to identify psychotic symptoms and triggering factors associated with fatal violence. In addition, parents were interviewed to build an understanding of their experiences and emotional reactions. One study examined all 369 male individuals who had committed a violent crime (assault, homicide or attempt to any of these crimes), who in a pre-trial forensic psychiatric evaluation (FPE) during 1992-2000 were diagnosed with schizophrenia, and who were referred to forensic psychiatric treatment. Although the majority of the 615 victims was unacquainted to the offenders, family members or male acquainted were most at risk of being severely injured or killed as victims. Background factors were studied for the 207 Swedish offenders who for their first time were subjects of a FPE during the study period. There were indications that those offenders who targeted family members had an earlier onset and more severe course of their mental illness. During the study period, 48 offenders committed homicides. Of the 52 victims, 83% were family members or acquainted to the offender. Those who killed a family member had more often delusions and/or hallucinations, were less often intoxicated, had to a lesser extent committed a previous violent crime and they were younger at the time of the homicide. Parents, who were interviewed, were very emotionally involved in their adult sons, although they were not living together. Ignorance regarding the diagnosis of their son and his criminality negatively influenced the contacts, both between parent and son and between parent and professionals in psychiatry. However, the referral to forensic psychiatric treatment gave the parents hope for a positive development.

Extant literature, while plentiful on the topic of serial homicide in general, does not adequately examine the phenomena of healthcare professionals who serially murder their patients. Using a sample of 58 healthcare serial killers located within North America, South America and Europe between the years of 1970-2010, this study examines notable pre- and post-offence behaviours of healthcare serial killers. Patterns related to offender etiology, victim cultivation, crime scene behaviour and techniques of evasion were explored. The findings from this study suggest that the pre- and post-offence behaviours of healthcare serial killers can be examined from the theoretical framework of confidence men or ‘con men.’ The findings from this study also suggest that healthcare serial killings and offenders who perpetrate them continue to be elusive and warrant additional scholarly attention to reduce their likelihood of engaging in homicide undetected for extended periods of time. Policy implications are also discussed. / UOIT

La présente recherche qualitative explore l'histoire des familles dans lesquelles s'est produit un homicide-suicide de type conjugal. Les familles étudiées sont celles de la personne ayant tué(e) son ou sa conjoint(e) pour ensuite se suicider. C'est devant le constat de la représentation sociale que nous renvoient les médias de ces drames que nous avons été amené à nous intéresser au phénomène. En effet, devant l'aspect spectaculaire du geste, des images médiatiques se dégagent souvent en lien avec une monstruosité où le geste et la personne ayant commis le geste peuvent se confondre et devenir associés dans la représentation sociale. Mais qu'en est-il du contexte en réalité? Le milieu dans lequel ont évolué ces hommes et ses femmes nous a semblé un lieu à étudier. Sur une année consécutive, les familles ayant vécu des drames d'homicides-suicides de type conjugal ont été rencontrées. Lorsque cela était possible, plusieurs membres de générations différentes d'une même famille ont participé aux rencontres. Celles-ci ont donné lieu à des entrevues de style « trajectoire de vie » qui nous ont permis d'avoir accès à l'histoire familiale et de construire leurs génogrammes. À partir des instruments de recherche utilisés, l'analyse des génogrammes a été faite selon la méthode proposée par McGoldrick et Gerson (1990). Par égard pour le lecteur et dans un souci éthique face aux familles rencontrées, il a été choisi de ne donner que très peu de détails sur les lieux et événements de vie. Ainsi, la discussion sur les données engendre certaines omissions afin de protéger les familles qui ont accepté de participer à cette étude. De l'analyse et de la discussion ont émergé certains points communs à l'ensemble de ces familles, en lien avec les notions d'emprise et de transmission entre les générations. De cela a surgi un élément de surprise permettant de comprendre ces famiIles moins en terme de violence que selon une dynamique relationnelle particulière. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Génogramme, Homicide, Suicide, Relation familiale, Relation conjugale, Emprise, Transmission intergénérationnelle, Transgénérationnel.

Increasingly individuals are coming into contact with the criminal justice system. For millions of Americans this contact is mediated by the victimization or offense of a loved one. This study focused on exploring what the family members of victims and offenders identify as their needs and concerns in relation to the criminal justice system, assessing if the system is effective in addressing these needs and concerns, and understanding how these families' lives are shaped by interaction with the system. Grounded theory method was used to analyze the narratives posted on two on-line message boards, one for victims' families and one for offenders' families. The results from this study suggest that both groups express the same frustrations and concerns about the criminal justice system, and that both groups develop similar coping strategies to assist them in negotiating the system after initial incarceration or victimization.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-98). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1999. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-98). Also available on the Internet.

This thesis examines child death data in an effort to assist in prevention and intervention, as well as, to provide quantitative and qualitative analysis to improve and enhance policy development around child deaths due to abuse and neglect in florida. The data reviewed consisted of aggregate data for all incidents of child deaths (N = 266) in Florida where the primary caregiver was the alleged perpetrator of a child fatality for children under age 18. All data examined were recorded and stored in the Department of Children and Families' Child Safety Assessment database between 1998 and 2000. According to national and state data on maltreatment deaths, the number of physical abuse deaths are slightly higher than fatalities categorized as due to neglect (51% and 43%, respectively), and the remaining 6% are attributed to both abuse and neglect. The data suggest that mothers account for the greatest percentage of child deaths due to neglect, while fathers and other male careg ivers are responsible for the greatest percentage of child fatalities due to physical abuse. There was no significant difference between child fatalities committed by biological fathers as opposed to other male caregivers, which suggests that policies around caregiver relationship has had limited impact on child safety. Describing and defining different kinds of maltreatment requires that attention be paid to historical and cultural environments. Policies for preventing or reducing child deaths requires understanding of risk factors and protective factors at the level of the individual, the family, the community, and the society. Whereas men and women differ in types of maltreatment they are likely to commit, the difference in rate of child fatalities committed by biological fathers as opposed to other male caregivers is insignificant. These findings suggest that policies that focus on caregiver relationship have limited impact on child safety. Anthropological holistic insight on the d omains and factors that contribute to the increase in child deaths due to maltreatment may help to develop new policy initiatives. Until research advances our knowledge and that knowledge is used to set policies, and those polices properly implemented, children will continue to fall victim to maltreatment fatalities.