The aim of the present research is to investigate three factors, namely perceptions of fairness in intergroup situations, ingroup identification and spatial dimensions that are assumed to contribute to why individuals participate in violence against the police in soccer stadiums. In Study 1 perceptions of fairness, identification and spatial perspective were manipulated and the results indicated a significant interaction effect between identification and spatial perspective. This interaction effect had a significant influence on negative behavioural tendencies towards police. In Study 2, identification and spatial perspective were manipulated and once again the interaction effect between identification and spatial perspective was found. A main effect of identification was found in that participants who identified lower with fans showed significantly more positive attitudes towards police. The results of the two studies highlight the importance of looking beyond the inherent nature of the crowd itself when analysing situations of police/fan conflict, and also the need to further investigate the spatial dimension and how it influences social judgment and decision making.

The goal of the diploma thesis is insight into the problematics of spectator's violence at football stadiums and elaboration of proposal of the precautions which would lead to elimination of football hooliganism. Theoretical part contains general characteristic of football hooliganism, history of destructive behaviour at football stadium and activities regarding ensuring security during football matches. Practical part includes marketing research, benchmarking and proposal of the precautions which would solve problematics of spectator's violence at football stadiums in the Czech Republic.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate two Swedish, national newspapers and their depiction of football related violence. Through a critical discourse analysis this essay aims to illuminate the discourse practices that are being reproduced in media and also how the discourses have changed over time. The essay analysis articles around two casualties in Sweden (2002 & 2014) that are a direct result of football violence. The material contains of twenty-four analyzed articles from Aftonbladet and Expressen. A critical discourse analysis has been used for both the theoretical framework and method, with Fairclough’s three-dimensional model as analytical tool.   The result shows that both Aftonbladet and Expressen depict football violence through a wide perspective and describes the problem with the help of multiple agents that have varied experience on the subject. The main discourses that have been distinguished have been named; The discourse of responsibility, The discourse of amendment and The discourse of security. Another less recurrent discourse that have been distinguished is the discourse of the victim. In the analysis it is manifested that the order of discourses has changed over time and that some discourses have been more or less established.

The highest Swedish football division, Allsvenskan, is not known for playing the best football or having the best players in the world on the pitch. However, Allsvenskan has one of the worlds’ best average audience rates and is well known globally for their large supporter culture. Thus, the topic of supporter culture and supporter related violence are a frequently discussed matter in Swedish media and has inspired the research topic for this study. The aim has been to study Swedish medias’ representation of football supporters and supporter related violence and if it perhaps has occurred a discursive change between the years 2014-2022. Traditional news articles published online within the chosen years, from several different newspapers, have been analyzed through a critical discourse analysis. Accompanied by critical discourse analysis, the study has used a theoretical framework consisting of media power, media hegemony and moral panic to analyze and conclude the results. The results provided three distinct discourses existing in Swedish media about football supporters being; supporters are a threat against the nuclear family, the supporter culture is a threat against society and lastly, medias’ large representation of moral panic as a response to supporters and supporter related violence. In addition, the study shows how there has been a discursive change in medias’ representation of supporters over time which confirms how media truly has the power to control society and its attitudes as well as determining and maintaining its ‘status quo’.

This study was made by two students for their bachelor theses in Tourism Studies at Södertörns högskola in Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate the social aspects of football tourism from a sustainable perspective. The study investigated what's essential for football travellers when they travel both abroad, but also in Sweden, to see a football game. Another factor that was investigated was how the locals, especially those living near a arena, are influenced by the behavior of the football travelers when a football event is taking place. The problems that may arise with a football trip are that locals and travelers can end up in conflicts that can lead to social consequences at the destination as well as reduce social sustainability. This study investigated this phenomenon and by identifying the problems which arise with a football trip, it can help to increase the social sustainability of the destination.  The method which was used to investigate the phenomenon of this study consisted of interviews with football travelers, the locals around Friends Arena, employees at Friends Arena and a football organizer. This was considered to contribute to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon and also give an understanding from different perspectives. At the same time, an observation was also performed on a football game to increase knowledge and understanding of a football event, but also to gain insight into the behavior of football travelers. The material that was gathered in form of interviews was then combined with theories to get a better perception of the phenomenon. The result of the study showed that the biggest motive for a football trip was to get and feel belonging with other supporters. It was the feeling of identity with other travelers that mattered the most. The result also showed that football travelers end up in a free zone where everything is allowed, which contributed to changing their behavior during the trip. Alcohol turned out to be a big part of this belonging with others and a significant part of the travel, especially in Sweden. This contributed that the local population, especially the older group, felt worried when there was a football event. It also turned out that because of this they had to adapt their personal needs and could not be near the arena when there was a football event. This also contributed to social conflicts among football travelers and locals and reduced social sustainability at the destination.  The problems surrounding football tourism proved to arise among the locals when they felt worried and had to adapt to a football event. Football travelers didn't see this as a problem because they ended up in a free zone and ignored individuals around them. Sustainable tourism should satisfy the needs of the tourist while not having to destroy the need of the local population. This was not achieved in this case, which also makes the social sustainability of football tourism difficult to achieve. / Denna studie genomfördes av två studenter för deras examensarbete inom Turismvetenskap på Södertörns högskola i Sverige. Syftet med studien var att undersöka fotbollsturismens sociala aspekter utifrån ett hållbart perspektiv. Därav undersöktes vad som är väsentligt för fotbollsresenärer när de väljer att resa både utomlands, men även inom Sverige, för att se en fotbollsmatch. En annan faktor som undersöktes var hur lokalbefolkningen, speciellt de som bor nära en arena, blir påverkade av fotbollsresenärernas beteende när det pågår ett fotbollsevent. Problematiken som kan uppstå med en fotbollsresa är att lokalbefolkningen och resenärer kan hamna i konflikter och detta kan leda till sociala konsekvenser på destinationen samt minska den sociala hållbarheten. Studien undersökte fenomenet och genom att identifiera vilka problem som uppstår med en fotbollsresa kan det även leda till att öka den sociala hållbarheten på destinationen.  Metoden som användes för att undersöka fenomenet i studien bestod i form av intervjuer med fotbollsresenärer, bofasta kring Friends Arena, anställda på Friends Arena samt en fotbollsarrangör. Vilket bidrog till en fördjupad förståelse för fenomenet och som kunde bidra till en förståelse utifrån olika perspektiv. Samtidigt utfördes även en observation på en fotbollsmatch för att öka kunskap och förståelse kring hur ett event går till, även för att få en insikt kring fotbollsresenärers beteende. Det materialet som samlades in i form av intervjuer sammanfogades sedan med teorier för att få en bättre uppfattning om fenomenet.  Resultatet i studien visade att det största motivet för en fotbollsresa är att känna en gemenskap med andra supportrar. Resultatet visade även att fotbollsresenärer hamnar i en frizon där allt är tillåtet, vilket bidra till att deras beteende under resan förändras. Alkohol visade sig vara en del av gemenskapen och en väsentlig del av resorna, speciellt inom Sverige. Detta bidrog till att lokalbefolkningen, speciellt den äldre gruppen, kände oroligheter när ett fotbollsevent pågick. Det visade sig även att på grund av detta var de tvungna att anpassa sina personliga behov och inte kunde visa sig inom arenaområdet. Detta bidrog även till att sociala konflikter uppstod bland fotbollsresenärer och lokalbefolkningen och minskade den sociala hållbarheten på destinationen. Problematiken kring fotbollsturism visade sig uppstå bland lokalbefolkningen, då de kände oroligheter och tvingades anpassa sig efter ett fotbollsevent. Fotbollsresenärerna såg inte detta som ett problem då de hamnade i en frizon och förbisåg individer runtomkring sig. Hållbar turism ska tillfredsställa turistens behov samtidigt som behoven inte ska förstöra för lokalbefolkningen. Detta stämmer inte i det här fallet vilket bidrar till att den sociala hållbarheten inom fotbollsturismen blir svår att uppnå.

Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd / Smetanovo nábřeží 6, 110 01 Praha 1 info@fsv.cuni.cz, tel: 222 112 111 www.fsv.cuni.cz Dle čl. 4 Opatření rektora č. 6/2010 o Zpřístupnění elektronické databáze závěrečných prací http://www.cuni.cz/UK-3470.html a čl. 1 Opatření děkana 29/2010 se z časového hlediska závěrečné práce dělí do tří skupin: a. "nové práce", tj. práce odevzdávané k obhajobě počínaje 29. 9. 2010, b. "starší práce", tj. práce odevzdané k obhajobě od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010, c. "práce před rokem 2006", tj. práce odevzdané k obhajobě před 1. 1. 2006. V tomto případě jde o "starší práci" odevzdanou k obhajobě od 1. 1. 2006 do 28. 9. 2010. Omlouváme se, ale dokument není v elektronické verzi k dispozici.

The following thesis titled Zavedené nepořádky: Českoslovenští fotbaloví fanoušci v letech pozdního státního socialismu thematises Czechoslovak football hooliganism from a historical point of view with a special emphasis on the contextualisation of the whole phenomena into the field of the Czechoslovak contemporary history. It is specifically concerned with detailing various aspects of this specific community's everyday life but it also thematises broader questions about the community's members relation to the social order in which they themselves lived and were surrounded by. On one hand, the thesis accepts some basic aspects from the subcultural theory, but at the same time it offers interpretative alternatives inspired by the concepts of socialist everydayness. The whole thesis is thus not only a description of a very specific community of football hooligans in the era of late state socialism but also a contribution to a broader discussion on the character of late state socialism in the last years of its duration. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Amidst the countless and seminal contributions by Stuart Hall to discourses around race, representation, politics and identity, it is easy to overlook the equally countless essays about ‘minor’ fields in which he covered a broad range of related topics. One of these texts is an article about football hooliganism from 1978, entitled “The Treatment of ‘Football Hooliganism’ in the Press” from a volume edited by Hall and his colleagues Roger Ingham, John Clarke, Peter Marsh and Jim Donovan. The collection of essays is based on a conference held that previous year at the University of Southampton about football fans and violence, a topic that had become a major concern in the British public and that in consequence became a mainstay for research in the field of sociology. As this is Hall’s only text dealing with violence around football, the essay fills only a minor niche in his oeuvre. Within the field of hooligan studies, however, his contribution to the discipline is still seen as an important addition.

This study is about the factors that motivate individuals to engage in football hooliganism in Stockholm, Sweden. These individuals are often seen as problem makers and a threat to Swedish football. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding and knowledge about the phenomenon of football hooliganism in Sweden.  The question that has been answered is: What motivates individuals to engage in organized football hooliganism, and examine how these factors can be understood from Pierre Bourdieu's theory about habitus and capital?. Through this we hope to provide further knowledge about this phenomenon and understanding of why some individuals are drawn to this form of supporter culture. The method used for this study was semi-structured-interviews with former hooligans and the interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis. We found that there are five main themes that are correlated to why individuals are  drawn into football hooliganism and motivated to engage in the phenomenon. These are Belonging, togetherness, community and friendship, Life experiences and social environment, Respect and status, Violence and the “Kick” and The feelings for the football club. We also found that these themes can be explained through Bourdieu's theory about habitus and capital. This study has shown that there are some central themes, or aspects to help explain why individuals are drawn into football hooliganism that are related to motivation and Pierre Bourdies theory about habitus and capital.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate to what extent executive functioning has an impact on aggressive and violent behavior contextualized within football supporters. The sample consisted of 142 (111 males and 31 females) football supporters, between 16-71 years old (M=34,58, SD=12,53) who, during the 2022 season of the Swedish football league “Allsvenskan” visited at least one game. Results showed an association between aggressive and violent behavior contextualized within football supporters and certain aspects of executive functions, as well as self-control. The association did not significantly differ depending on frequency of game-day attendance, thus indicating the presence of the association for various subgroups of supporters. The results are in line with previous research on the association between executive functions and aggressive and violent behavior. The present study is one of the few studies adopting a bio-/neurological perspective on football violence. Thus indicating that more research is warranted on this specific topic, as well as a need for a re-evaluation of strategies preventing football violence. / Syftet med studien var att undersöka i vilken utsträckning exekutiva funktioner hos fotbollssupportrar har en inverkan på aggressivt och våldsamt beteende kontextualiserat inom fotbollen. Urvalet bestod av 142 (111 män och 31 kvinnor) fotbollssupportrar mellan 16–71 år (M=34,58, SD=12,53) som under säsongen 2022 i den svenska fotbollsserien “Allsvenskan” besökte minst en match. Resultaten påpekade en association mellan aggressivt och våldsamt beteende inom fotbollen och särskilda aspekter av exekutiva funktioner samt självkontroll. Associationen skiljde sig inte signifikant beroende på besöksfrekvens vid matcher, vilket pekar på att associationen existerar hos flertalet olika typer av supportrar. Resultaten går i linje med tidigare studier som undersökt associationen mellan exekutiva funktioner och aggressivt och våldsamt beteende. Den aktuella studien är en av få studier som applicerat ett bio-/neurologiskt perspektiv på våld inom fotbollen. Detta pekar på behovet av fortsatt forskning inom ämnet samt ett behov av att omvärdera strategierna ämnade att förhindra våld inom fotbollen.