Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka vad den horisontella kommunikationen har för roll inom systemförvaltning, och att undersöka vad en effektiv sådan har för påverkan på förvaltningsarbete. Då systemförvaltning är kostsamt är det viktigt för organisationer att det sker effektivt. Effektiviteten i organisationers arbete påverkas av kommunikationen och för att uppnå en effektiv kommunikation krävs en förståelse för horisontell kommunikation. Men inom styrning av systemförvaltning ligger inte fokus på kommunikation. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Förvaltningsledningar på en organisation vars förvaltningsarbete styrs av förvaltningsmodellen pm3 studerades. Uppsatsens resultat visar på att en horisontell kommunikation utspelar sig inom förvaltningsarbete, det krävs en kommunikation mellan vissa arbetsroller. Den horisontella kommunikationen har också en betydande roll, då den kan hjälpa till att upprätta enhetliga arbetssätt. Resultatet visar dock att den horisontella kommunikationens funktion inte alltid utnyttjas till fullo. När den inte är effektiv kan det bidra till duplicerat arbete, förlorad och utelämnad information, samt att medarbetares kunskap förbises. Allt detta påverkar i slutändan arbetets produktivitet. Uppsatsens resultat visar att desto effektivare den horisontella kommunikationen är inom förvaltningsarbete, desto effektivare blir arbetet. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine what role lateral communication within the work in software maintenance has, and to examine how an effective lateral communication influences the maintenance work. Software maintenance is costly, therefore it is important for organizations that it is efficient. Organization’s efficiency is influenced by their communication. To attain an effective communication there needs to exist an understanding for lateral communication. Within the guiding of software maintenance there is a lack of regard to the importance of communication. The thesis was conducted using qualitative research. The research is based on semi-structured interviews with solution managers at an organization that has their software maintenance guided by the swedish maintenance management model pm3. The result of this study shows that a lateral communication occurs within the work with software maintenance, communication is required between certain roles. Lateral communication also has a significant role since it can help to uniform the work. However, the results show that the potential of lateral communication is not always used to its full extent. When it is not effective it can result in duplicated work, lost and excluded information, and coworkers’ knowledge can be overlooked. In the end the productivity of the work is affected. The study shows that the more effective the lateral communication is within the work in software maintenance, the more effective the work will become.

The purpose of this study is to explore the roles of social-emotional-oriented communication and work-oriented communication in enhancing organizational commitment in the context of the People’s Republic of China. Literature regarding the functions of different types of communication was reviewed and the human relations theory was applied as the main guidance of the current research. The study utilized the statistical method to analyze the data collected from questionnaires. A total of 69 employees working in a Chinese local governmental organization participated in the research. Horizontal and vertical social-emotional-oriented communication were examined separately by four indicators: employee’s perceived quantity of social interaction with peers (superiors) within the department, quantity of social interaction with peers (superiors) outside the department, quality of these interactions, and emotional coloring of the interactions. Work-oriented communication was measured by three indicators: employee’s perceived quantity of the organization’s strategic information regarding the policies and development, the employee’s perceived quantity of vertical interaction with management (downward and upward), and the employee’s satisfaction with management’s responsiveness to the upward feedback. Organizational commitment was tested by the three components model: affective commitment, continuance commitment, and normative commitment. The findings from regression analyses revealed that social-emotional-oriented communication between subordinates and superiors is a positive predictor of affective commitment, and the perceived quantity of organizational strategic information and vertical interaction with management; and that work-oriented communication is a strong positive predictor of affective commitment and normative commitment. However, the results failed to prove the effects of horizontal social-emotional-oriented communication. The conclusion is that in Chinese governmental organizations, vertical communication and communication regarding work-related topics help to make employees want to stay with and contribute to the employing organization; and the better social-emotional-oriented communication the employees have with superiors, the better work-oriented communication they have at work.

This thesis contains an overview of a new standard IEC 61850. Parts of the standard are described particularly. More space is devoted to the analysis of communication in substations and to features of horizontal GOOSE messages. The other part is devoted to testers of protection and their use in testing of communication in substations according with IEC 61850. The last part is a practical example of using the tester and software for communication network monitoring and measurement of reaction of the system which is controlled with GOOSE messages.

The aim of this dissertation was firstly to review and analyze an effectiveness of a current marketing strategy within the selected company FCD s.r.o. in Kosmonosy by Mladá Boleslav and secondly to try to find and suggest an own solution in order to improve the marketing area. The company runs a business in very specific area of car diagnostic consulting. In the first part of this work you can find an analyses of the current stage of marketing activities. The company which entered the market in 2005 has already gained the respect of many respected authorities for its quality and wide range of provided services. The strenghts of the company are by my opinion primarily in very good functioning, interesting vision and clever strategy of the company. Very good example of all this is functioning of the FCD s.r.o.` s portal which is by my personal view perfectly timed. On the other hand I find the level of the marketing activities (and marketing functioning at all) as very unsatisfying, mostly due to a lack of marketing planning. It is also quite obvious that the company has very big reserves in marketing research and uses a wrong horizontal communication within the company. As far as a second part of the project is concerned there has been suggested an own alternative way of handling the marketing activities. There have been suggested some changes in following areas: 1. It is an absolute necessity to elaborate a marketing plan of the company 2. It is necessary to name a person who will be in charge of the marketing activities of the company 3. To improve marketing information system (starting from more effective data collection) 4. To improve horizontal communication within the company 5. To improve company{\crq} s Intranet and it{\crq} s usage by individual employees in order to expand an awareness of marketing and marketing activities across the whole company

¡mAbstract¡n This research examines six presses of Kaohsiung journalists', China Times, Liberty Times, United Daily News, Taiwan Times, Taiwan Shin Wen Daily News, and Public Daily News, the intra-organization media usage for Media Richness and Social Influence Model. It tests four media which are face to face, telephone, e-mail, and written document, and tests which one is suitable for Kaohsiung journalists use in formal communication and informal communication. The result is that the most journalist use face to face as their intra-organization media. Not only testing media usage, this research is also examining the prediction of media usage by Media Richness and Social Influence Model. The result is except downward communication media usage which lacks sufficient samples, the other communication flows' media usage prediction are Media Richness explanation of predicting media usage is better than Social Influence Model. For each press, face to face is the main choice for six presses' journalists in upward communication, horizontal communication and downward communication flow. However, United Daily News' journalists use written document as the main media in informal communication, but the other presses' still use face to face The finding in formal and upward communication, the prediction of media usage by Media Richness and Social Influence Model in Liberty Times doesn¡¦t have significant level. Meanwhile, Liberty Times and Taiwan Shin Wen News' prediction of media usage in horizontal communication don¡¦t have significant level. At last, there are only Liberty Times and Public Daily News's media usage prediction have significant level in informal communication. Keywords:intra-organization, media usage, face to face, telephone, e-mail, written document, formal communication, informal communication, upward communication, horizontal communication, downward communication, Media Richness, Social Influence Model.

Submitted by Cláudia Bueno (claudiamoura18@gmail.com) on 2015-11-13T19:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Quézia de Alcântara Guimarães Leite - 2015.pdf: 2572126 bytes, checksum: acd3459da6c1a5cdbe98e832bcbd97a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-11-16T09:36:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Quézia de Alcântara Guimarães Leite - 2015.pdf: 2572126 bytes, checksum: acd3459da6c1a5cdbe98e832bcbd97a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T09:36:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Quézia de Alcântara Guimarães Leite - 2015.pdf: 2572126 bytes, checksum: acd3459da6c1a5cdbe98e832bcbd97a9 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / Today the new communication environment, the internet, heavily affects social mobilization. At this environment, considered the New Virtual Public Sphere, individuals interact and generate collective actions never seen before. Some authors refer to this process as Horizontal Communication, while others simply name it as an exercise of citizenship. Because of the intersection of the three terms: Horizontal Communication, Public Sphere and Social Mobilization, there is the new concept of Public Citizen Communication. This concept is the process of dialogue between social actors functioning in the public area of contemporary society. In order to verify if the process really occurs, a textual analysis based on Grounded Theory was applied on the communicative actions of the group “Frente de Luta Goiás Contra o Aumento da Passagem de Ônibus”. The group was part of the demonstrations and street protests on the “Outono Brasileiro” in 2013 against the readjustment of public transportation fare in the main cities of the country. Social Networks had substantial part on these demonstrations. This lead to significant analysis by many intellectuals, academics and society in general, regarding the potential of communication involved in social networks. The verification was that in the communicative actions of the activist group “Frente de Luta Goiás”, social networks were in fact used instrumentally. What happened was a scathing mobilization that proved the existence of opinion leadership and social mediation that could be responsible for the collective action of nearly 70,000 people in Goiânia, similarly to the national level demonstrations with more than 1,400,000 people at 200 Brazilian cities on 20th of July of 2013. / As mobilizações sociais, na atualidade, estão sendo impactadas pela nova ambiência da comunicação, a internet. Nesta ambiência, considerada como a nova Esfera Pública Virtual, ocorre interações entre sujeitos que geram participação em ações coletivas nunca antes vistas. Alguns autores denominam tal processo de Comunicação Horizontal e outros como exercício da cidadania. Da interseção dos três binômios: Comunicação Horizontal, Esfera Pública e Mobilização Social nasce a Comunicação Pública Cidadã – processo de diálogo entre atores sociais que atuam na arena pública da sociedade contemporânea. Para verificar se ocorre de fato tal fenômeno foi realizada Análise Textual embasada na Teoria Fundamentada (TF) das ações comunicativas do grupo Frente de Luta Goiás Contra o Aumento da Passagem de Ônibus. Este foi um dos grupos que participou das manifestações durante o Outono Brasileiro no ano de 2013, visando barrar o reajuste da tarifa do transporte público nas principais cidades do país. Em tais mobilizações sociais as redes sociais on-line tiveram destacada participação, o que levou intelectuais, acadêmicos e a sociedade em geral a questionar qual seria o potencial comunicativo que tais plataformas de redes sociais possuíam. Nas ações comunicativas do grupo ativista Frente de Luta Goiás verificou-se que as plataformas de redes sociais da internet foram utilizadas de forma instrumental. Houve igualmente e de forma contundente um processo de mobilização que destacou a existência dos líderes de opinião ou mediadores sociais que podem ter sido os responsáveis pela mobilização de um sujeito composto por cerca de 70 mil manifestantes em Goiânia, à semelhança do que ocorreu no país com a presença de mais de 1 milhão 400 mil pessoas nas ruas de mais de 200 cidades do Brasil, no dia 20 de junho de 2013.

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling word die aard van kommunikasie van die Lugmagbasis (LMB) Swartkop onder die loep geneem. Die outeur toon aan dat daar nie altyd duidelikheid is oor die aard van kommunikasie in militere instellings nie. Dit het die prikkeling gebied om die aard van kommunikasie in 'n militere installing te bepaal - in hierdie geval, LMB Swartkop. Die rede vir die studie is om kommunikasie as 'n interne organisatoriese reeling by die LMB Swartkop te ondersoek. Om die agtergrond tot die navorsing te bied, word die ekonomiese- en politieke redes vir verandering by die LMB Swartkop kortliks weergee. Die redes hoekom hierdie Lugmagbasis as fokusgebied gebruik word vir die navorsing, word ook aangevoer. Daar word met die navorsing gefokus op vertikale kommunikasie, horisontale kommunikasie, diagonale kommunikasie, asook enkele interne organisatorieseen omgewingsfaktore. Enkele aspekte ten opsigte van eksterne faktore, soos byvoorbeeld die 1994-verkiesing en die nuwe Grondwet, wat kon lei tot verbetering van kommunikasie te Lugmagbasis Swartkop en die houding van die personeel jeens kommunikasie word ook aangeraak. Die bevindinge van die navorsing wentel rondom die feit dat vertikale, horisontale en diagonale kommunikasie 'n definitiewe bydrae maak om werk op die Lugmagbasis Swartkop effektief te verrig. Hierdie kommunikasie vind hoofsaaklik plaas wanneer daar formeel en informeel oor werk gekommunikeer word. / In this dissertation, the nature of communication of the Air Force Base Swartkop is being put under the magnifying glass. The author indicates that the nature of communication in military organisations is not clear This provided the incentive to study the nature of communication of a military organisation and in this case, Air Force Base Swartkop. The reason for the study is to determine how the nature of communication as an internal organisational arrangement contributes to the effective functioning of the base. This study focuses on vertical, horizontal and diagonal communication as well as internal organisational, external and environmental factors. Aspects such as the personnel's attitude towards communication is discussed as well. The findings of the study centre on the fact that vertical, horizontal and diagonal communication make a definite contribution to the effective functioning of the base. This communication mainly occurs when personnel communicate formally and informally on work. / Public Administration / M.Admin. (Public Administration)

Text in Afrikaans / In hierdie verhandeling word die aard van kommunikasie van die Lugmagbasis (LMB) Swartkop onder die loep geneem. Die outeur toon aan dat daar nie altyd duidelikheid is oor die aard van kommunikasie in militere instellings nie. Dit het die prikkeling gebied om die aard van kommunikasie in 'n militere installing te bepaal - in hierdie geval, LMB Swartkop. Die rede vir die studie is om kommunikasie as 'n interne organisatoriese reeling by die LMB Swartkop te ondersoek. Om die agtergrond tot die navorsing te bied, word die ekonomiese- en politieke redes vir verandering by die LMB Swartkop kortliks weergee. Die redes hoekom hierdie Lugmagbasis as fokusgebied gebruik word vir die navorsing, word ook aangevoer. Daar word met die navorsing gefokus op vertikale kommunikasie, horisontale kommunikasie, diagonale kommunikasie, asook enkele interne organisatorieseen omgewingsfaktore. Enkele aspekte ten opsigte van eksterne faktore, soos byvoorbeeld die 1994-verkiesing en die nuwe Grondwet, wat kon lei tot verbetering van kommunikasie te Lugmagbasis Swartkop en die houding van die personeel jeens kommunikasie word ook aangeraak. Die bevindinge van die navorsing wentel rondom die feit dat vertikale, horisontale en diagonale kommunikasie 'n definitiewe bydrae maak om werk op die Lugmagbasis Swartkop effektief te verrig. Hierdie kommunikasie vind hoofsaaklik plaas wanneer daar formeel en informeel oor werk gekommunikeer word. / In this dissertation, the nature of communication of the Air Force Base Swartkop is being put under the magnifying glass. The author indicates that the nature of communication in military organisations is not clear This provided the incentive to study the nature of communication of a military organisation and in this case, Air Force Base Swartkop. The reason for the study is to determine how the nature of communication as an internal organisational arrangement contributes to the effective functioning of the base. This study focuses on vertical, horizontal and diagonal communication as well as internal organisational, external and environmental factors. Aspects such as the personnel's attitude towards communication is discussed as well. The findings of the study centre on the fact that vertical, horizontal and diagonal communication make a definite contribution to the effective functioning of the base. This communication mainly occurs when personnel communicate formally and informally on work. / Public Administration and Management / M.Admin. (Public Administration)