The effect of changes in employment hours on changes in household task hours was studied. Data were used from the National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH) waves one and two. Wave one was a probability sample of 13,017 age 19 and older in the United States who were interviewed in person in 1987-88. Wave two consisted of the original NSFH sample who were reinterviewed five years later in 1992-94. A subsample of 1233 men and women was created by selecting employed men and women who were continuously married to the same spouse, lived in the same household, and had a least one biological child under 18 living in the household at wave one and wave two. After controlling for age in years, education in years, race, wage rate, and age of youngest child, the subsample was used to determine if changes in employment hours caused changes in household task hours. Household task hours were categorized by feminine, masculine, and neutral, as well as total household task hours. Lag regression analysis without gender interaction effects found that a one hour increase in employment hours caused a sixteen minute decrease in total household tasks hours, a twelve minute decrease in feminine household task hours, and a two minute decrease in neutral household tasks among married men and women with children. Lag regression analysis with gender interaction effects found that a one hour increase in employment hours caused a sixteen minute decrease in total household tasks hours and a fourteen minute decrease for married women with children only. No statistically significant relationship between changes in employment hours and changes in any category of household tasks hours was found for married men with children when gender interactions were controlled. The results of this study supports the interaction of time availability and gender in explaining changes in household tasks hours. / Graduation date: 2001

One purpose of our study was to investigate if equality in work time and parental leave in a relationship affect the time that parents spend with their children. Our first hypothesis was that increased equality in work time and parental leave leads to a reduction of the parents’ total time with their children, ie the children spend more hours in pre-school and begin pre-school earlier. In order to test our hypothesis, we investigated the relationship between the woman’s and the man’s work time and parental leave and the time that the children spend in pre-school as well as at what age they began pre-school by using two surveys. Our study showed a significant coherence between both working women’s work time and the children’s time in pre-school as well as women’s parental leave and the children’s age at start in pre-school. We did not find any corresponding coherence for men. This indicates that it is the women’s work situation which, to a large degree, determines the children’s time in pre-school and at what age they start pre-school. Hence, increased equality in work life, meaning that women work more, probably has the consequence that the children spend more time in pre-school and also start pre-school earlier. The second purpose of our study was to investigate parents’ own experience of the equality in their relationship, compared to their actual equality regarding work time, parental leave, housekeeping, time with their children and own time. Our second hypothesis was that couples feel much more equal than their actual division of work time, parental leave, housekeeping, time with the children and own time indicates. We found some coherence between experienced equality and especially division of work time and housekeeping. Our study showed, however, that most couples feel that they have equality, despite an unequal division of work time and parental leave. / Ett syfte med vår studie var att undersöka huruvida jämställdhet i arbetstid och föräldraledighet i ett parförhållande påverkar den tid föräldrar tillbringar med sina barn. Vår första hypotes var att ökad jämställdhet i arbetstid och föräldraledighet leder till att föräldrars totala tid med barnen minskar, dvs. att barnen tillbringar fler timmar i förskolan och inskolas tidigare. För att testa denna hypotes undersökte vi, med hjälp av två enkätstudier, sambanden mellan kvinnans och mannens arbetstid och föräldraledighet, och den tid som barnen tillbringar i förskolan samt vid vilken ålder de skolades in i förskolan. Våra studier visade ett signifikant samband mellan såväl yrkesarbetande kvinnors arbetstid och barnens antal timmar i förskolan som mellan kvinnors föräldraledighet och barnens ålder vid förskolestart. Motsvarande samband för männen saknades. Detta indikerar således att det är kvinnornas arbetssituation som till betydande del avgör barnens närvarotid i och ålder vid start i förskolan. Ökad jämställdhet i arbetslivet, innebärande att kvinnor arbetar mer, leder sannolikt till att barnen tillbringar mer tid i förskolan och inskolas tidigare. Ett andra syfte med vår studie var att undersöka föräldrars egen upplevelse av jämställdhet i sin parrelation, i förhållande till deras jämställdhet i arbetstid, föräldraledighet, fördelning av hemarbete, tid med barnen och egen tid. Vår andra hypotes var att par upplever sig som betydligt mer jämställda än vad fördelning av arbete, föräldraledighet, hemarbete, tid med barnen och egen tid indikerar. Vi fann i vår studie att det finns ett visst samband mellan upplevd jämställdhet och framförallt fördelning av arbetstid och hemarbete. De flesta par upplever sig dock som jämställda, trots en relativt ojämlik fördelning av arbetstid och föräldraledighet.

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Productivity advances generated from ‘lean manufacturing’ are self–evident. Plants that adopt ‘lean’ are more capable of achieving shorter lead times, less waste in the system and higher quality levels. The goal of this study was to ascertain which ‘lean’ tools and techniques are available for use. A matrix was constructed with a summation of the authors who agree that specific ‘lean’ tools will reduce cycle time. It was found that reduced set–up time and waste elimination are most affected by the implementation of ‘lean’ tools and techniques. An empirical study was conducted to confirm the results of the literature study. The respondents’ knowledge on the ‘lean’ tools was also tested. It was found that respondents have a sound understanding of set–up time; they agree that it must be reduced in the plant. Pre–scientific evidence and the response from the empirical study confirm that there is a substantial amount of waste in the factory. A current state value–stream map was drawn from a single welded part Product X. The value–stream was analysed to reduce the cycle time in the process, with the focus on set–up time reduction and waste elimination. The future state value–stream map was drawn, displaying astonishing results. A continuous improvement (kaizen) programme will help reduce the cycle time even further by making use of the other ‘lean’ tools discussed in this study. This programme forms part of the procedure to optimise cycle time. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Productivity advances generated from ‘lean manufacturing’ are self–evident. Plants that adopt ‘lean’ are more capable of achieving shorter lead times, less waste in the system and higher quality levels. The goal of this study was to ascertain which ‘lean’ tools and techniques are available for use. A matrix was constructed with a summation of the authors who agree that specific ‘lean’ tools will reduce cycle time. It was found that reduced set–up time and waste elimination are most affected by the implementation of ‘lean’ tools and techniques. An empirical study was conducted to confirm the results of the literature study. The respondents’ knowledge on the ‘lean’ tools was also tested. It was found that respondents have a sound understanding of set–up time; they agree that it must be reduced in the plant. Pre–scientific evidence and the response from the empirical study confirm that there is a substantial amount of waste in the factory. A current state value–stream map was drawn from a single welded part Product X. The value–stream was analysed to reduce the cycle time in the process, with the focus on set–up time reduction and waste elimination. The future state value–stream map was drawn, displaying astonishing results. A continuous improvement (kaizen) programme will help reduce the cycle time even further by making use of the other ‘lean’ tools discussed in this study. This programme forms part of the procedure to optimise cycle time. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. / Title from PDF title page screen. Advisor: Karen Weyler; submitted to the Dept. English. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-38 , p. 66-68).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on October 25, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Hiolanda Rêgo (hiolandarego@gmail.com) on 2018-02-05T14:14:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_ ROCHA, D. J. P. G..pdf: 4034030 bytes, checksum: 7085be9f2fda81bc8248196d4b4e6988 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-05T14:14:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_ICS_ ROCHA, D. J. P. G..pdf: 4034030 bytes, checksum: 7085be9f2fda81bc8248196d4b4e6988 (MD5) / CNPQ / O método mais comum de normalização em ensaios de quantificação relativa da expressão gênica por PCR quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR) faz uso de um gene de referência, que deve manter sua expressão estável sob diferentes condições experimentais. Em uma meta-análise da literatura e banco de dados de experimentos de análise de expressão gênica em bactérias, os genes gyrA (DNA gyrase subunidade A), gyrB (DNA gyrase subunidade B), dnaG (DNA primase), era (GTPase era) e secA (translocase proteica subunidade secA), figuram entre os mais estáveis em diversas condições experimentais. Neste cenário, este estudo se propõe a desenvolver e construir um conjunto de primers universais para esses genes de referência a partir de organismos modelo de grupos bacterianos de interesse clínico e biotecnológico. As ferramentas de alinhamento, ClustalOmega e PCR virtual, Primer-Blast foram utilizadas para encontrar regiões conservadas entre os genes candidatos em diferentes organismos bacterianos. Dentro do complexo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, todos os genes apresentaram homologia suficiente para o desenho de primers universais, enquanto que em outros grupos bacterianos a homologia de sequência foi restrita a algumas espécies. Potenciais primers universais foram desenhados para diferentes grupos bacterianos e os primers para a família Enterobacteriaceae foram validados por RT-qPCR em Escherichia coli; os resultados foram comparados contra o gene comumente usado, 16S rRNA. Os primers testados apresentaram eficiências de amplificação dentro dos limites esperados e as expressões dos genes de referência foram estáveis nas condições estudadas, tendo sido o gene dnaG o mais estável, de acordo com os softwares NormFinder e RefFinder. Conclui-se que é possível desenhar primers universais funcionais para normalização de RT-qPCR em grupos bacterianos específicos, contudo o baixo nível de conservação gênica de determinados genes pode limitar suas utilizações.

Methodology suggested in the diploma thesis presents the education proposal of the three thematic spheres namely Design and designing, World of work, Activity and maintenance of housekeeping of the educational area Man and world of work. This process is starting by comparison of the Educational program of the Junior school with the education area Man and world of work in the General education program for elementary education. It continues by proposal of methods, by determination of education forms and by their projection into the educational plan. This process includes also the methodology suggestion of the education of the thematic sphere Design and designing and proposal, how to make education of the thematic spheres World of work and Activity and maintenance of housekeeping more attractive. It contains a practical verification of part of this educational program proposal for the educational area Man and world of work on junior school. Methodology provides instruction, how to acquaint pupils with technical materials also in case that the school is not fitted with apprenticeship workshop

Orientador: Maria Cecilia Cardoso Benatti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T20:56:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martarello_NortondeAssumpcao_M.pdf: 1239894 bytes, checksum: 9f841ac08e240a5f84f698053370e474 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: A pesquisa de caráter descritivo, retrospectivo, utilizou-se de questionários já validados para estudar uma categoria de trabalhadores de um serviço de higiene hospitalar que se expõe a uma imensa diversidade de riscos ocupacionais. O serviço de assistência à saúde pesquisado foi um hospital público municipal de urgência, emergência e de ensino. Os trabalhadores analisados são os agentes de higiene hospitalar, responsável pelo serviço de limpeza e higiene do ambiente. Muito já se estudou sobre o trabalho, o processo saúde-doença e, a partir da década de oitenta, o ambiente hospitalar. No entanto, pouco tem sido investigado sobre esses trabalhadores, que desenvolvem tarefas em todos os locais e setores existentes, na maioria das vezes com baixíssima qualificação, sem habilitação adequada, sem nenhum treinamento e sem equipamentos apropriados. As atividades desses trabalhadores geram impactos na condição geral do ambiente. Quando realizadas de forma inadequada podem se tornar potenciais transmissoras de infecções e de acidentes do trabalho. Os resultados encontrados confirmam a existência de problemas de saúde e qualidade de vida principalmente nos segmentos corporais: ombros, região torácica, cervical, lombar, punhos e mãos. A diferença das médias dos Domínios do SF-36 entre os grupos que apresentaram sintomas osteomusculares e os sem sintomas, no último ano, revelou significância nos Domínios de Capacidade Funcional, Dor, Estado Geral de Saúde, Vitalidade e Saúde Mental, podendo-se inferir que quem apresenta sintomas osteomusculares terá provavelmente diminuída sua qualidade de vida. Deverão ser objetos de futuras pesquisas medidas para evitar esses problemas, aprimorar a formação permanente e continuada desses trabalhadores, estabelecer procedimentos e rotinas seguras, oferecer equipamentos e acessórios adequados e realizar o acompanhamento de sua saúde / Abstract: This research, of descriptive and retrospective property, used already accredited dictionaries to study a group of workers of a hospital housekeeping service who are exposed to an extensive diversity of occupational risks. The health assistance center researched was a public municipal emergency and first-aid school hospital. The workers examined are hospital hygiene agents, responsible for the environment's housekeeping. Much has been studied about work, the health-sickness process and, from the eighties on, the hospital environment. However little has been investigated about these workers who perform their tasks in all the existing hospital departments and spaces, often with very little qualification, no appropriate qualification, training or equipment. These workers activities engender an impact in the environment's overall conditions. When performed inadequately they may become potential infection transmitters and cause accidents. Results were found that confirm the existence of health and life quality disorders mainly in body parts like shoulder, chest, back, spinal column, wrist and hands. The difference in the averages of Domains of SF-36 between groups that presented musculoskeletal symptoms and those without symptoms, last year, presented important significance in the Domains of Functional Capacity, Pain, General Health Condition, Vitality e Mental Health, allowing the conclusion that those who have musculoskeletal symptoms will most likely have their life quality decreased. Future researches must aim to study measures to avoid those problems, create a permanent and continuos instruction of these workers, establish safe routine and procedures, offer adequate equipment and accessories and perform their health follow-u / Mestrado / Enfermagem e Trabalho / Mestre em Enfermagem