Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:10:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValeskaSSP_DISSERT.pdf: 1719910 bytes, checksum: a382c3b69b1e4909a64666f4822bff10 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-25 / Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are among the largest public health problems, especially in developing countries. The acquisition of these infections during early sexual activity is common and many infections have a benign course. However, in some pathogens remain in the state of latency can be reactivated and cause productive infection that may progress to severe forms. In addition, some of them are transmitted vertically resulting in congenital infection, causing immediate damage or long-term child. The classic risk factors for sexually transmitted agents are: early onset of sexual and reproductive health, multiple sexual partners throughout life, use of oral contraceptives and co-infections with different pathogens. We present the results of a cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of genital infection by human papillomavirus (HPV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) in a segment of the female population of the metropolitan area Christmas, among those who enrolled voluntarily sought, Basic Health Units for the examination of cancer screening cervix in the period 2008 to 2010. All participants, a total of 261 women answered a standard questionnaire by which identified the socio-demographic characteristics, classical risk factors for STDs, reproductive and sexual activity and smoking. Of each patient were obtained two samples, one for the completion of the Pap test for detection of cellular changes and the other processed for DNA extraction and analyzed by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) to detect the three pathogens studied. The population of the study was composed of sexually active women aged between 13 and 79 years, mean 38.7 years, most of them being married, low education levels and low incomes. The majority (87%) had normal results on cytology and only 2.7% had low-grade cytological abnormalities. Prevalence rates were 37.9% for HPV, 4.6% for CT and 26% for HSV. HPV prevalence was higher in women under 25, unmarried and in those who had multiple sexual partners. Women with simultaneous infection by HSV-1 and 2 had higher prevalence of HPV infection. The prevalence of HSV infection showed no association whatsoever with the risk factors analyzed and HSV-1 was the predominant type among the cases of genital HSV infection. The overall prevalence of C. Trachomatis was relatively low, thus providing greater value in younger women aged less than or equal to 20 years / As doen?as sexualmente transmiss?veis (DSTs) est?o entre os maiores problemas de sa?de p?blica, especialmente em pa?ses em desenvolvimento. A aquisi??o dessas infec??es durante o in?cio da atividade sexual ? freq?ente, por?m muitas dessas infec??es t?m curso benigno. Entretanto, em algumas o pat?geno permanecer em estado de lat?ncia podendo ser reativado e causar infec??o produtiva que podem evoluir para formas graves. Al?m disso, alguns delas se transmitem verticalmente, resultando em infec??o cong?nita, causando danos imediatos ou em longo prazo ? crian?a. Os fatores de risco cl?ssicos para agentes sexualmente transmiss?veis s?o: in?cio precoce da vida sexual e reprodutiva, m?ltiplos parceiros sexuais ao longo da vida, uso de contraceptivos orais e co-infec??es por diferentes pat?genos. N?s apresentados os resultados de um estudo transversal, que teve como objetivo, estimar a preval?ncia de infec??o genital pelo Papilomav?rus humano (HPV), pelo v?rus Herpes simples (HSV) e por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) em um segmento da popula??o feminina da regi?o metropolitana de Natal, arroladas entre aquelas que procuraram voluntariamente, Unidades B?sicas de Sa?de para a realiza??o do exame de rastreamento do c?ncer de colo do ?tero no per?odo de 2008 a 2010. Todas as participantes, num total de 261 mulheres, responderam a um question?rio padronizado por meio do qual foram identificadas ?s caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas, fatores de risco cl?ssicos para DSTs, atividade sexual e reprodutiva e tabagismo. Foram obtidas duas amostras de cada paciente, uma destinada a realiza??o do exame citol?gico de Papanicolaou para a detec??o de altera??es celulares e a outra processada para a extra??o de DNA, e analisadas por PCR (rea??o em cadeia de polimerase) para a detec??o dos tr?s pat?genos estudados. A popula??o alvo do estudo foi composta por mulheres sexualmente ativas, com idade entre 13 e 79 anos, m?dia de 38,7 anos, sendo a maioria delas casadas, com baixo grau de instru??o e baixa renda. A maioria (87%) apresentou resultado normal no exame citol?gico e apenas 2,7% apresentaram altera??es citol?gicas de baixo grau. Foram encontradas taxas de preval?ncia de 37,9% para HPV, 4,6% para CT e 26% para o HSV. A preval?ncia do HPV foi maior nas mulheres com at? 25 anos, nas solteiras e naquelas que tiveram m?ltiplos parceiros sexuais. As mulheres com infec??o simult?nea por HSV-1 e 2 aprestaram maior preval?ncia de infec??o por HPV. A preval?ncia da infec??o pelo HSV n?o apresentou ind?cio de associa??o com os fatores de risco analisados e o HSV-1 foi o tipo predominante entre os casos de infec??o genital pelo HSV. A preval?ncia geral da C. Trachomatis foi relativamente baixa, apresentado maior valor nas mulheres mais jovens, com idade menor ou igual a 20 anos

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of sexually transmitted co-infections and assess factors associated with a single infection and co-infections. Methods: A total of 388 women were included in this study. At enrollment of the EVRI trial women were tested for five STIs: Human papilloma virus (HPV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) and Treponema pallidum. Prevalence of STI infections and proportion of women with different combinations of co-infections were calculated. Factors associated with single infection and STI co-infection were assessed using a polytomous logistic regression model and odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported as the measure of association. Results: Prevalence of a single STI and concurrent STI co-infections were high. Prevalence of chlamydia was 33%, syphilis 6%, HSV-2 46% and HPV 71%. The most common STI co-infection pattern was HPV-HSV (32%), followed by HPV-chlamydia (17%). The odds of single STI compared to no STIs was significantly lower for women who had education level of grade 7 compared to women who had some college or technical education (OR 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.79).The odds of a single STI compared to no STIs were significantly higher (OR 3.02, 95% CI: 1.05-8.64) and the odds of concurrent STIs compared to no infection were significantly higher (OR 3.86, 95% CI: 1.42-10.48) for women with three or more lifetime partners compared to one life time partner. Conclusions: STIs, single and multiple concurrent infections, are common among this cohort of South African women. These results strengthen the recommendation that STI screening and treatment needs to be a component of multiple intervention strategies among high-risk women residing in communities with high STI prevalence.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第23467号 / 医博第4774号 / 新制||医||1053(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 森信 暁雄, 教授 上野 英樹, 教授 小柳 義夫 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

This paper deals with traffic signs recognition. Red color area is obtained by thresholding in HSV color model. Selected radiometric deskriptors, Hough transform deskriptors and neural networs are used to classification. In conclusion has been designed complex decision algorithm.

Chlamydia trachomatis/HSV-2 vaginal co-infections are seen clinically, suggesting that these sexually transmitted pathogens may interact. We previously established an intravaginal Chlamydia muridarum/HSV-2 super-infection model and observed that chlamydial pre-infection protects mice from a subsequent lethal HSV-2 challenge. However, the mechanism of protection remains unknown. The type I interferon, IFN-β, binds to the type I interferon receptor (IFNR), elicits a host cellular antiviral response and inhibits HSV replication in vitro and in vivo. Previous studies have demonstrated that C. muridarum infection stimulates genital tract (GT) IFN-β production; therefore, we hypothesized that chlamydial pre-infection protects mice from HSV-2 challenge via the IFN-β/IFNR-induced antiviral response. To test this prediction, we quantified IFN-β levels in vaginal swab samples. Detection of IFN-β in C. muridarum singly infected, but not in mock-infected animals, prompted the use of the super-infection model in IFNR knockout (IFNR-/-) mice. We observed that C. muridarum pre-infection reduces HSV-2-induced mortality by 40% in wild-type mice and by 60% IFNR-/-mice. Severity of HSV-2 disease symptoms and viral shedding was also similarly reduced by C. muridarum pre-infection. These data indicate that, while chlamydial infection induces GT production of IFN-β, type I IFN-induced antiviral responses are likely not required for the observed protective effect.

Work deals with code detection from control image. The document presents relevant image processing techniques dealing with a noise reduction, thresholding, color models, object segmentation and OCR. This project examines advantages and disadvantages of two selected methods for object segmentation and introduces developed system for object segmentation. The developed system for object segmentation and classification is realized, evaluated and results are discussed in details.

This study demonstrates the first case report in which an NK Cell deficiency initially presented as an asymptomatic disseminated herpes simplex viremia (HSV). A pre-term 13- day- old patient presented with disseminated HSV after investigation because his twin brother was found to have HSV vesicular lesions. The patient remained asymptomatic throughout the entire hospital course. While 40% of neonates never exhibit vesicular lesions, most of the infants will be symptomatic with DIC and/or respiratory and/or hepatic failure. The HSV development in his twin brother prompted immediate multiple HSV PCR testing even though he was asymptomatic. The results were positive for HSV in both plasma & nasopharynx. He received intravenous acyclovir treatment for 21 days. Both CSF & brain MRI studies demonstrated no CNS involvement. He was discharged home with oral acyclovir for one year. Two months after being off acyclovir he developed herpetic vesicles which resolved with acyclovir treatment. Currently, he is on chronic acyclovir treatment. Lymphocyte enumeration tests demonstrated NK cell deficiency. Typically, HSV is a virulent symptomatic infection especially when it presents with viremia. Here we have a case of asymptomatic HSV viremia. Likewise, HSV infection does not usually recur after 1 year of acyclovir treatment. Here, we have a child presenting with what seems to be recurrent congenital HSV infection even with adequate treatment. These atypical HSV presentations may have been due to NK cell deficiency. We, therefore, propose that clinicians should consider NK cell deficiency as possible etiology when HSV presents in an atypical manner as described in our case.

HSV-1 and HSV-2, both double-stranded DNA viruses of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily, reportedly have sub-clinical prevalence in nearly 67% of the world population. During their intra-nuclear virus replication, four types of capsids (procapsids, A, B, and C capsids) are produced while only C-capsids contain mature DNA. Given their larger size (125 nm) than the nuclear pores (30-50 nm), they exit the nucleus by an unusual route called nuclear egress. On the other hand, our lab previously found that HSV-1 incorporates 49 distinct host proteins, including DDX3X, a DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) box ATP-dependent RNA helicase that modulates gene expression of both DNA and RNA viruses. We also showed that DDX3X is redirected to the inner nuclear membrane late during the infection and interacts with pUL31, a component of the viral nuclear egress complex, to promote the nuclear exit of the viral capsids to the cytoplasm. However, the exact nature of such interactions remains elusive. On the other hand, our lab also reported that PCBP1 is specifically present on the C-capsids, and its depletion causes a reduction in viral titer. PCBP1 is known to bind with poly(c) RNA through K-homology (KH) domains and plays a role in mRNA stabilization, transcriptional control, RNA translation, antiviral immunity, and the modulation of viral propagation. Using confocal microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation studies, the present work reveals that DDX3X interacts with both components of the nuclear egress complex, i.e., pUL31 and pUL34, and that this interaction is independent of their phosphorylation by the pUS3 kinase that normally modulates their localization. Moreover, we also show that DDX3X interacts with PCBP1, which could explain the preferential selection of the C-capsids during the nuclear egress. This study is a step forward to map the complex multiple host protein interactions with viral partners and elucidate their possible role in the enigmatic selective escape of HSV-1 C-capsids. / HSV-1 et HSV-2, tous deux des virus à ADN double brin de la sous-famille des Alphaherpesvirinae, ont une prévalence subclinique chez près de 67 % de la population mondiale. Au cours de leur réplication virale intra-nucléaire, quatre types de capsides (procapsides, capsides A, B et C) sont produites tandis que seules les capsides C contiennent de l'ADN mature. Compte tenu de leur plus grande taille (125 nm) que les pores nucléaires (30 à 50 nm), ils quittent le noyau par une voie inhabituelle appelée sortie nucléaire. Notre laboratoire a précédemment découvert que le HSV-1 incorpore 49 protéines hôtes distinctes, dont DDX3X, une hélicase à ARN de type DEAD (Asp-Glu-Ala-Asp) dépendante de l'ATP qui module l'expression génique des virus à ADN et à ARN. DDX3X est redirigé vers la membrane nucléaire interne à la fin de l'infection et interagit avec pUL31, un composant du complexe de sortie nucléaire viral, pour favoriser la sortie nucléaire des capsides virales vers le cytoplasme. Cependant, la nature exacte de ces interactions reste incertaine. D'autre part, notre laboratoire a également signalé que PCBP1 est spécifiquement présent sur les capsides C et que sa déplétion entraîne une réduction du titre viral. PCBP1 est connu pour se lier à l'ARN poly (c) via les domaines d'homologie K (KH) et joue un rôle dans la stabilisation de l'ARNm, le contrôle transcriptionnel, la traduction de l'ARN, l'immunité antivirale et la modulation de la propagation virale. À l'aide de microscopie confocale et d'études de co-immunoprécipitation, le présent travail révèle que DDX3X interagit avec les deux composants du complexe de sortie nucléaire, à savoir pUL31 et pUL34, et que cette interaction est indépendante de leur phosphorylation par la kinase pUS3 qui module normalement leur localisation. De plus, nous montrons également que DDX3X interagit avec PCBP1, ce qui pourrait expliquer la sélection préférentielle des capsides C lors de la sortie nucléaire. Cette étude constitue un pas en avant dans la cartographie des interactions complexes entre protéines hôtes multiples et partenaires viraux et pour élucider leur rôle possible dans l’évasion sélective énigmatique des capsides C du HSV-1.

No description available.

No description available.