The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.

O retorno do ensino superior tem sido objeto de estudo na literatura econômica por décadas, mas pouca evidência foi documentada sobre o prêmio salarial de frequentar as universidades mais seletivas no mercado de trabalho. Especialmente no Brasil, país no qual o ensino superior é visto como o fator primordial para a ascensão social, torna-se cada vez mais relevante compreender o papel do diploma de elite nos rendimentos futuros. Neste trabalho, estima-se o prêmio salarial de frequentar a Universidade de São Paulo (USP), uma das universidades mais importantes e seletivas do país, aproveitando-se dos grupos dos aprovados e não aprovados ao redor da nota final de corte. Como estratégia empírica, utiliza-se a abordagem de regressões descontínuas (fuzzy RD) para solucionar possíveis problemas de seleção frequentemente discutidos na literatura. Na amostra de indivíduos empregados no setor formal, não se observa retorno salarial significativo de frequentar a USP. No entanto, o contrafactual é amplo e possivelmente inclui cursos superiores qualificados, como os oferecidos por outras instituições públicas. Isso, aliado à localidade da estimação, pode subestimar o efeito agregado. Ao investigar as maiores carreiras do vestibular, poucas apresentam retorno diferente de zero nas medidas salariais (rendimento médio anual e salário médio de dezembro). Contudo, não é possível excluir que diferenças salariais possam existir em regimes de trabalho mais flexíveis, como nas profissões liberais, ou que o mercado assalariado não distingua instituições de nível superior, uma vez que apenas salários formais são considerados na estimação. Por grupo socioeconômico, candidatos que fizeram ensino médio e fundamental estritamente em escola pública apresentam retornos positivos de frequentar a USP. Não foram encontradas diferenças de retorno salarial entre homens e mulheres nem entre PPI (pretos, pardos ou indígenas) e brancos. Por fim, também não são documentados efeitos sobre tempo de emprego formal e número de vínculos empregatícios. Os resultados encontrados incitam uma série de discussões sobre políticas educacionais, especialmente aquelas relacionadas à expansão de vagas no ensino superior. / The return to higher education has been studied in the literature for decades, but there is little evidence regarding the wage premium of attending the most selective universities in the labor market. Especially in Brazil, where higher education is a crucial element to upward mobility, a broader comprehension about the role of the elite degree in future earnings becomes even more relevant. Hence, I estimate the wage premium of attending the University of São Paulo (USP), one of the largest and most selective universities in the country, by taking advantage of two groups around the admission grade cutoff - those admitted and those not admitted at the university. This study utilizes the Regression Discontinuity Design (fuzzy RD) to solve possible selection problems frequently discussed by the literature. In the sample of those employed in formal sector, there is no significant wage return to attending USP with respect to the counterfactual. However, the counterfactual is broad and possibly includes qualified majors, such as those offered by other public universities. This fact, combined with local estimates, can underestimate the aggregate effect. When investigating the returns in the major careers of the college entrance exam, few of them exhibit returns different from zero in the wage measures (average annual income and the average salary in December). Yet, it is not possible to exclude that wage differences might exist in more flexible work relationships, as in the liberal professions, or that the formal labor market does not distinguish higher education institutions, since we only have earnings data from formal employment. When taking socioeconomic groups into account, only candidates who studied exclusively in public schools present positive returns to attending USP. There were no differences in the wage returns neither between men and women nor between non-white and white candidates. Finally, there are no effects on formal employment tenure and number of employment relationships. The results documented in this paper trigger a series of debates regarding educational policies, especially those related to the expansion of higher education.

Leung Chi Ping. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-123). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.iv / List of Tables --- p.v / List of Appendices --- p.vi / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.4 / Chapter 2.1 --- Review of Literature on Population and Economic Growth --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of Literature on Human Capital and Economic Growth --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3 --- Review of Literature on Population Aging and Demographic Transition --- p.14 / Chapter 2.4 --- "Summary of Results, Objective and Hypotheses" --- p.23 / Chapter 3. --- Data Description --- p.27 / Chapter 4. --- Empirical Specifications，Estimation Results and Analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 4.1 --- Cross-sectional Regressions --- p.29 / Chapter 4.2 --- Panel Regressions --- p.54 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusions --- p.72 / Tables --- p.74 / Appendices --- p.114 / References --- p.120

In 1992, the Government of Botswana appointed a National Commission to review the education system and advise how it could promote human resource development to address the country’s socio-economic challenges. The Commission identified the need to diversify the labour market and shift towards occupational groupings based on skills, attitudes and competence. However, fifteen years on, Botswana’s dependence on diamond mining, coupled with immigration from neighbouring countries and a mismatch of skills supply and demand has resulted in a pool of labour exceeding the number of jobs available. Access, opportunity and social inclusion therefore represent major challenges, since large numbers of under and un-utilised people imply a heavy socioeconomic burden. This thesis employed a Problem Based Methodology within the framework of a Project Cycle Management approach to develop a project for an Adult Basic Vocational Education and Training (ABVET) programme as a contribution towards the development of human and social capital in Botswana.

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Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-27T14:31:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 avaliacao_capital.pdf: 947899 bytes, checksum: 897ae1b763565a3c144e497a4d9c6f9d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-27T14:31:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 avaliacao_capital.pdf: 947899 bytes, checksum: 897ae1b763565a3c144e497a4d9c6f9d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-26 / Nenhuma / Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o nível de desenvolvimento do Capital Humano no âmbito das competências internas na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG a partir do Reuni. O método utilizado foi o dedutivo, e a pesquisa é classificada como aplicada, descritiva, quantitativa e levantamento de dados. A amostra foi não probabilística, intencional, composta por docentes e servidores técnicos administrativos admitidos no período compreendido entre 2003 e 2012, sendo 289 técnicos administrativos e 395 docentes, totalizando 674 servidores. Com base nos conceitos e indicadores de capital humano de diversos pesquisadores, enviaram-se questionários estruturados, com perguntas fechadas, os quais retornaram 30%. Constatou-se alto índice de escolaridade entre os docentes e entre os TAE, o que leva à qualidade das atividades, cujo fim é o ensino. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram alcançados. Entre 2003 e 2012 houve um incremento de 20,80% no número de servidores TAE, de 51,90% entre os docentes, o que refletiu no número de alunos matriculados na universidade: houve um aumento de 60,52% nos cursos de graduação presencial e de 272% nos cursos de pós-graduação. Os servidores reconhecem que o treinamento qualifica suas atividades, que o capital humano é o único ativo que tem a capacidade de ser desenvolvido, que as pessoas são os ativos mais importantes em uma instituição de ensino, e que as universidades públicas, financiadas pela sociedade, retornam este investimento pelo compromisso que assumem com a comunidade. / This study is aimed to evaluate the development of human capital in the scope of internal competences into the Federal University of Rio Grande – FURG from Reuni. The used method was the deduction, and the research is classified as applied, descriptive, quantitative and data raising. The sample was not probabilistic, intentional, formed by teaching staff and administrative technicians servers hired between 20 03 and 2012, being 289 administrative technicians and 395 professors, having as a total 674 servers. Based on the concepts and indicators of human capital by many researchers, structured questionnaires had been sent, with closed questions, which returned 30%. It was established the high schooling level among the professors and among the administrative technicians servers, what takes to the quality of the activities, which aim is the teaching. The goals of the research were reached. Between 2003 and 2012 there was an improvement of 20,80% on the number of administrative technicians servers, of 51,90% among the professors, what resulted in the number of students enrolled in the university: there was an increase of 60,52% on the undergraduate course attendance and 272% on post-graduation courses. The servers know that the training qualifies their activities, that the human capital is the onl y assets that has the ability to be developed, that the people are the most important assets in a teaching institution, and that the public universities, supported by the society, return the investment by the commitment they assume with the community.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-03-17T11:53:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Edineide Maria de Oliveira.pdf: 2256459 bytes, checksum: 72ab25ab8df88985fe1738ff9618b3f4 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T11:53:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edineide Maria de Oliveira.pdf: 2256459 bytes, checksum: 72ab25ab8df88985fe1738ff9618b3f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-13 / Fundação São Paulo - FUNDASP / This thesis studied the possible relationship between social and human capital specifically on the graduating students of management, who were employed by the time of the research, but seeking a better qualification for the labor market. The main objective was to verify the possible relationship between social and human capital of those students. For this reason, to assist in this research, the specific objectives consisted in presenting, interpreting and also discussing two human capital indicators (education and experience);as well as the students' responses about social capital; the possible relationship between human capital and social capital of the students. So that, the achievement of the objectives was through quantitative methodology, which was applied a question narrate complement a qualitative methodology was also performed by ten interviews with graduating students of business school. Therefore, the problem of this study was based on checking the composition of the capital, in 2015 and 2016, of employed students and based on this, there was confirmation of the hypothesis, almost entirely, showing that most students have a network of virtual relationships only in the recreational part with attitudes of trust and reciprocity on that. So that it was proved that the student has a network of virtual and personal relationships that allow them to show their human capital. According to the authors Coleman, Putnam, Bourdieu and Schultz, there was proved a relationship between social and human capital of students based on the questions and interviews / Esta tese de doutorado estudou as possíveis relações entre o capital social e o capital humano, especificamente dos alunos concluintes do curso de Administração, empregados no momento da pesquisa que buscam melhor qualificação para o mercado de trabalho. O objetivo geral foi verificar as possíveis relações entre o capital social e o capital humano desses alunos. Os objetivos específicos consistiram em apresentar, interpretar e discutir dois indicadores de capital humano (experiência e educação); as respostas dos alunos acerca do capital social; as possíveis relações entre capital humano e capital social dos estudantes. A concretização dos objetivos se deu por meio da metodologia quantitativa, em que se aplicou um questionário e uma pesquisa exploratória. A metodologia qualitativa foi realizada por meio de dez entrevistas. A problemática deste estudo baseou-se em verificar a composição do capital social, em 2015 e 2016, dos alunos trabalhadores e suas respectivas relações, houve a confirmação das hipóteses, quase na totalidade, em que a maioria dos alunos tem uma rede de relacionamentos virtuais, somente na parte recreativa, e tem atitudes de confiança e reciprocidade. O aluno tem uma rede de relacionamentos virtuais e pessoais que lhe proporciona mostrar o seu capital humano. Conforme os autores Coleman, Putnam, Bourdieu e Schultz, houve relação entre o capital social e o capital humano dos alunos nas questões e entrevistas realizadas

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-10-06T12:50:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Knorr de Carvalho.pdf: 8076301 bytes, checksum: 9fe4914df140cff6fb54af8be5161aa0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-06T12:50:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eliane Knorr de Carvalho.pdf: 8076301 bytes, checksum: 9fe4914df140cff6fb54af8be5161aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Sex enrobed in sexuality has become a lucrative business. It has opened the way for investments in people as human capital through discussions based on health and religion. The objective of this work is to present how the reappraisal of sexuality – based on the concept of dispositif as defined by Michel Foucault – facilitated by the modulation and accommodation of practices considered as subversive in rights that are negotiable within the market. Thus, the range of investments in the normalized population's behavior was broadened. The production of comprehensive concepts related to sexual health – in partnership between State, religion and international organizations – enabled investments in calculating a mortified life. This work is presented in three series. The first serie, entitled "games of truth (production of identities, rights and education in the field of sexuality)" focuses on the United States and San Francisco Bay Area. It presents some of the disputes over truths around identities; the production of knowledges in the light of these truths; market negotiations and the relationship between education; and investment in human capital. In the second serie, "productions of desires (new investments in the sex market in Brazil)", the Erótika Fair, in São Paulo, presents itself as a profitable field for the analysis of the production and assimilation of desires, justified by the introduction of the female audience into this market. The analysis situates the assimilation of concepts within the marketplace that translates the personal relationships into business and takes these businesses into the personal field. Finally, "sexual morality (religion and health)," highlights the investments of Christian churches in the guidance of behavior, focusing on the analysis of evangelical groups, and their articulation within international guidelines on sexual health. And how the HIV/AIDS context is used to justify education programs for children and young people, of a calculated life, in which they abdicate so-called deviations in the present in the name of the promise of a better future / O sexo revestido de sexualidade tornou-se um negócio lucrativo no mercado e abriu passagem para os investimentos na pessoa como capital humano em argumentos com base na saúde e na religião. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar como a renovação da sexualidade – a partir da noção de dispositivo de Michel Foucault – facilitou a modulação e acomodação de práticas tidas como subversivas em direitos negociáveis no interior do mercado. A partir destas negociações, ampliou-se o alcance dos investimentos nas condutas da população normalizada, e a produção de conceitos abrangentes relacionados à saúde sexual, possibilitou os investimentos na parceria entre Estado, religião e organizações internacionais no cálculo da mortificação da vida. Este trabalho apresenta-se a partir de três séries. A primeira série, intitulada “jogos de verdade (produção de identidades, direitos e educação no âmbito da chamada sexualidade)”, com foco nos Estados Unidos e na Baía de São Francisco, mostra, desde os movimentos políticos nos anos 1960 e 1970, as disputas de verdades em torno das identidades, a produção de saberes em função destas verdades, as negociações no mercado e a relação entre a educação e o investimento em capital humano. Na segunda série, “produções de desejos (novos investimentos no mercado do sexo no Brasil)”, a Erótika Fair, em São Paulo, apresenta-se como campo profícuo para a análise da produção e assimilação de desejos, justificada pela introdução do público feminino neste mercado. A análise situa a assimilação de conceitos no interior do mercado que traduz o pessoal em negócios e leva estes negócios para o campo pessoal. Finalmente, a terceira, “moral sexual (religião e saúde)”, expõe os investimentos de igrejas cristãs na condução de condutas – com foco na análise de grupos evangélicos –, e sua articulação com as diretrizes internacionais em torno da saúde sexual, que utilizaram o advento da AIDS para justificar os programas de educação para crianças e jovens, a partir de uma vida calculada, em que se abdica dos chamados desvios no presente em nome da promessa de um futuro melhor

Now a day, the World has been experiencing the worst economic crisis since 1929, and this is considered as the “perfect storm”. In addition, the businesses and organizations are trying to be safe under this context. Based on Akerman cycle approach, this research focus on an organization case study that is trying to respond to an economic crisis it has been experiencing since 2009. Also, this investigation identifies how some of the businesses’ intangible assets are becoming relevant and they are trying to help during this situation, particularly right after the enterprise experienced some years of expansion and growth. The intangible assets considered are included in the intellectual capital taxonomy of the organization and also are grouped in the human, structural and relational capital sets. Moreover, there is a specific monitor of one of the intangible assets and it is more related to the sales quotation rat / Le monde connaît aujourd’hui la plus grande crise depuis 1929, considérée par les chercheurs comme une «tempête parfaite». Dans ce contexte, les entreprises tentent de s’en sortir en cherchant des solutions et des alternatives possibles. Cette recherche se focalise sur l’étude du cas d’une grande entreprise qui tente de réagir face à la crise économique qu’elle subit depuis 2009. En se basant sur l’approche des cycles économiques d’ Akerman, cette recherche identifie la manière dontcertains actifs immatériels de l’entreprise deviennent importants en constituant des leviers capables d’apporter de l’aide dans une situation de crise, en particulier, lorsque l’entreprise a connu des années de croissance et de développement auparavant. Les actifs immatériels que nous considérons font partie du capital intellectuel de l’entreprise. Nous entendons par capital intellectuel, le capital humain, structurel et relationnel de l’entreprise. Il y a un pilotage spécifique de l'un des actifs immatériels, lié au taux de cotation des ventes.

Human capital investment is of prime interest for many countries at varying stages of development. Knowing both the determinants and the impact of schooling is central for well- designed policy. This dissertation addresses both respects by examining the determinants of secondary school enrollment in Indonesia, and the impact of higher education in South Korea. In Chapter 1, I begin from the observation that many countries spend substantial resources inducing individuals to attend school. Despite this, high dropout rates are common, particularly when students transition between education levels. To explain this pattern, previous research has focused on supply side factors, such as decreased number of school slots or longer commute times. In contrast, this paper explores a demand side reason for high dropout rates between schooling levels: a nonlinear increase in wage returns from completing the final grade of an education level - a sheepskin effect. I investigate whether schooling decisions in Indonesia are consistent with perceived sheepskin effects. Using four types of income shocks that range from idiosyncratic to systemic (unemployment, crop loss, drought, and financial crises), I test if negative shocks affect enrollment differentially across different grade levels. As in the previous literature, negative shocks reduce children's enrollment probabilities on average. However, consistent with perceived sheepskin effects, this impact is strongly mitigated for students who enter the final grades of junior or senior high school. Moreover, even poor households exhibit this behavior indicating that even the poor are able to continue investments in education when they perceive returns to be sufficiently high. The remainder of the dissertation begins from the observation that in low income countries, most gains in education attainment have come from expansions at the primary or secondary level. In contrast, middle and higher income countries have seen rapid increases in higher education enrollments. The pace of growth varies considerably, with historically low attainment countries such as South Korea, Belgium and France experienced more than a 40% point increase in the percentage of population with some tertiary education. Despite the salience of these trends, there is limited credible empirical evidence on their impact due to the difficulty in finding a credible exogenous variation. To address this question, chapters 2 and 3 utilize an unusual policy change in South Korea; the 1980 education reform, which mandated an increase in the freshman enrollment quota by 30 percent nationwide. Chapter 2 (joint work with Wooram Park) estimates the impact of higher education on labor market outcomes and saving behavior of the household. We use the discrete change in the opportunity to obtain higher education across adjacent cohorts to implement a regression discontinuity design. We find that college education has a substantial positive effect on labor income, employment probability as well as on household savings. We also find that college education reduces the probability of job loss during the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis. Chapter 3 (joint work with Jisun Baek and Wooram Park) estimates the causal effect of higher education on health related outcomes. Also using a regression discontinuity design, we confirm that the cohorts that are more likely to be affected by the policy have a higher fraction of individuals with college education. However, we do not find evidence of positive health returns to higher education. In particular, we find that the cohorts with higher proportion of college graduates are not less likely to experience disease or report poor health status. Moreover, we find that higher education has limited effects on health behaviors such as smoking and drinking.