People have difficulties using computers. Some have more difficulties than others. There is a need for guidance in how to evaluate and improve the accessibility of systems for users. Since different users have considerably different accessibility needs, accessibility is a very complex issue.<p>ISO 9241-171 defines accessibility as the "usability of a product, service, environment or facility by people with the widest range of capabilities." While this definition can help manufacturers make their products more accessible to more people, it does not ensure that a given product is accessible to a particular individual.<p>A reference model is presented to act as a theoretical foundation. This Universal Access Reference Model (UARM) focuses on the accessibility of the interaction between users and systems, and provides a mechanism to share knowledge and abilities between users and systems. The UARM also suggests the role assistive technologies (ATs) can play in this interaction. The Common Accessibility Profile (CAP), which is based on the UARM, can be used to describe accessibility.<p>The CAP is a framework for identifying the accessibility issues of individual users with particular systems configurations. It profiles the capabilities of systems and users to communicate. The CAP can also profile environmental interference to this communication and the use of ATs to transform communication abilities. The CAP model can be extended as further general or domain specific requirements are standardized.<p>The CAP provides a model that can be used to structure various specifications in a manner that, in the future, will allow computational combination and comparison of profiles.<p>Recognizing its potential impact, the CAP is now being standardized by the User Interface subcommittee the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission.

People have difficulties using computers. Some have more difficulties than others. There is a need for guidance in how to evaluate and improve the accessibility of systems for users. Since different users have considerably different accessibility needs, accessibility is a very complex issue.<p>ISO 9241-171 defines accessibility as the "usability of a product, service, environment or facility by people with the widest range of capabilities." While this definition can help manufacturers make their products more accessible to more people, it does not ensure that a given product is accessible to a particular individual.<p>A reference model is presented to act as a theoretical foundation. This Universal Access Reference Model (UARM) focuses on the accessibility of the interaction between users and systems, and provides a mechanism to share knowledge and abilities between users and systems. The UARM also suggests the role assistive technologies (ATs) can play in this interaction. The Common Accessibility Profile (CAP), which is based on the UARM, can be used to describe accessibility.<p>The CAP is a framework for identifying the accessibility issues of individual users with particular systems configurations. It profiles the capabilities of systems and users to communicate. The CAP can also profile environmental interference to this communication and the use of ATs to transform communication abilities. The CAP model can be extended as further general or domain specific requirements are standardized.<p>The CAP provides a model that can be used to structure various specifications in a manner that, in the future, will allow computational combination and comparison of profiles.<p>Recognizing its potential impact, the CAP is now being standardized by the User Interface subcommittee the International Organization for Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission.

This design thesis is part of CATEA's RERC workplace accommodations grant, and it adopts a human centered design methodology to research, develop, test and evaluate designs of behind-the-counter workspaces that maximize independence and participation of employees and increase their employment possibilities. Preliminary research shows that current designs of behind-the-counter workspaces do not accommodate needs of intended employees including the seated and standing users. According to the research, factors like task design and lack of ease of use have contributed to job loss and reduced employment. Through participatory research techniques and ergonomic studies, this project identified accessibility and usability needs and outlined basic and extended design guidelines for behind-the-counter workstations that would address these needs. Results from observational research, usability studies and user interviews were analysed to create design specifications for a range of workstations. The resulting workstation designs incorporate universal design guidelines and aim to expand employment opportunities for people with disabilities and older adults.

Det ligger något motsägelsefullt i att bilföretag arbetar med miljöfrågor. Ökad globalisering och urbanisering har haft en stor inverkan på vår miljö. Som en av världens största biltillverkare anser Toyota att de har ett stort ansvar för sitt ekologiska fotavtryck och satsar dagligen 49 miljoner kronor på miljöarbete. Examensarbetet gäller för Toyota Sweden AB med syftet att skapa nya möjligheter för att kommunicera Toyotas miljöarbete hos återförsäljarna. För att kunna uppfylla syftet arbetade vi med att besvara två övergripande forskningsfrågor: Hur ser Toyotas miljöarbete ut idag samt  Hur kan Toyotas miljöprofil förstärkas hos återförsäljarna? Då forskningsfrågorna var av bred karaktär valde vi att arbeta efter IDEO:s framtagna process Human-Centered Design, kombinerat med det arbetssätt som Anders Wikström utvecklat genom den forskning han bedriver vid Mälardalens högskola. Vid Human-Centered Design utgår man från de människor man designar för genom att utveckla empati, dvs. en djup förståelse för de problem och den verklighet de människorna lever i.  Resultatet av examensarbetet kom att bestå av två delar. Dels en nulägesanalys av Toyotas miljöarbete och hur det återspeglas hos återförsäljarna. Dels ett visionärt koncept, Talking Cars, som skildrar ett framtida sätt att köpa bil som syftar till att förstärka upplevelsen i bilhallen.  En av många slutsatser som kan dras av examensarbetet är att Toyota gör det de säger sig göra i samband med sitt miljöarbete. De behöver dock bli tydligare i sin kommunikation till omvärlden för att kunna göra sitt miljöarbete rättvisa. Genom detta examensarbete är våra förhoppningar att Toyota har fått insikter och inspiration till hur de skulle kunna gå tillväga.

<p><strong>Introduction</strong></p><p>This thesis explores how we can increase patient safety through medicine management and administration in inpatient care units in somatic hospitals in Sweden and Norway by combining tools and systems which allows nurses to work safely, precicely, and efficiently whenever they are managing or administering medication to patients. </p><p></p><p><strong>Background</strong></p><p>Nurses have the formal, academic, and moral responsibility in medicine management and administration in hospitals (1). The nurse must ensure that the medication is given to the correct patient, that it is the correct kind of medication, correct form, correct strength, correct dose, correct administration method, and that it is given at the correct time (1). Regardless of these 7 points of control, adverse drug events still happen.</p><p></p><p><strong>Methodology</strong> </p><p>Through a human centered design approach this thesis explores design challenges and opportunities to how we can improve the medicine managment and administration process within somatic hospitals in Sweden and Norway.</p><p></p><p></p><p><strong>Result</strong></p><p>The final design proposal, Memo, suggests an ecosystem which make all medication traceable by incorporating a closed loop medicine management approach, making information accessible and consistent across digital and physical platforms, and having a  precise, accessible, and informative electronic medicine list. Memo eliminates risks of medicine errors by designing barriers within the system which make it harder for the nurse to make an error. The aim is to increase patient safety.</p><p>Memo is developed together with nurses and pharmacists from 3 different hospitals in Sweden and Norway.</p>

In this diploma thesis the author wrote up actual theoretical basis, which every participant of the front-end development process of web-design should stick. There are categorization of websites, generalization of key-successful-web attributes and performance of two chosen design methodologies which are contained in the related part. In the practical part the author applied acquired knowledge on the real business subject especially by methodology combining. The prototype as a result is compiled from logical design series supported by research. There is a graphical design of home page also completing the whole result.

I denna rapport ställs frågor beträffande hur Viaplays streamingtjänst kan se ut i framtiden gällande TVOD och SVOD genom nya designlösningar. För att göra detta har en människo-centrerad designprocess använts för att undersöka attityder och beteenden kring TVOD. I undersökningen utreddes det hur konsumenter ser på TVOD och kombinationen med SVOD. Vad vill användarna ha, hur ser deras vanor och beteenden ut gällande hyrfilm i sin helhet? Examensarbetet har gjorts på plats hos Viaplay och med hjälp av Viaplays designteam. Utifrån djupintervjuer och användartester blev det möjligt att kartlägga en viss sannolikhet över hur användare ser på TVOD i kombination med SVOD och vilka designlösningar som är möjliga för att motivera och inspirera konsumenter till TVOD-köp. Undersökningen resulterade i en high-fidelity-prototyp som genomgick användartester där hypoteser testades med en, överlag, positiv utgång. / This report question as to how Viaplay as a streaming service might look like in the future regarding TVOD and SVOD through new design solutions. To do this, a human-centered design process was used to examine attitudes and behaviors upon TVOD. The study investigated how consumers comprehend TVOD and the combination with SVOD. What do users want, how do their habits and behavior look like concerning movie rentals as whole? The thesis has been executed on site at Viaplay with assistance from their design team. Based on in-depth interviews and user tests, it was possible to identify a probability of how users comprehend TVOD combined with SVOD and what design solutions are imaginable to motivate and inspire consumers to take part in TVOD-purchases. All in all, this thesis resulted in a high-fidelity prototype that underwent user tests in which hypotheses were tested with an, overall, positive outcome.

Design Thinking is a prototype-driven, solution-based and human-centered innovation approach and design process that has been receiving a growing amount of attention in both the industry and research during the last decade. In this paper we intend to evaluate Design Thinking in relation to the in-house design process of the digital transformation agency Mogul AB. Their process, called the Four Step Model, was developed by the design team as a result of years of experience and evaluation of best-practice. The aim of our study is to compare Design Thinking’s initial phases Empathize and Define to the corresponding strategy phase in the Four Step Model. Using this comparison we aim to evaluate in what way Design Thinking could be integrated in the Mogul’s Four Step Model in order to obtain a more human-centered process and result. This study is based on a) research on Design Thinking and human-centered design processes b) interviews with representatives from Mogul's design team, and c) documentation from our own work process, producing a recruitment site for Mogul, where we used Design thinking as our working method. Our study shows that Mogul's design process would benefit from integrating a number of tools and mindsets from Design Thinking. Our key findings suggest that the Four Step Model should be more iterative and include the end user in an extended degree during the whole design process, and especially during the initial stages of the process. The Four Step Model would also benefit from more tangible tools for obtaining a deeper understanding of the end user’s needs. By embracing these mindsets from Design Thinking, the Four Step Model could become more useful, efficient and human-centered. / Design Thinking är en prototypdriven, lösningsorienterad och människocentrerad innovationsmetod och designprocess som har fått alltmer uppmärksamhet, både i branschen och designforskningen, det senaste decenniet. I denna rapport har vi för syfte att utvärdera Design Thinking i relation till den interna designprocess som används på den digitala transformationsbyrån Mogul AB. Deras process, som kallas Fyrstegaren, har utvecklats av Moguls designteam, och är ett resultat av många års yrkesverksamhet och erfarenhet av best practice. Syftet med vår studie är att jämföra Design Thinkings initiala faser Empathize och Define, med den motsvariga Strategifasen i Fyrstegaren. Med denna jämförelse ämnar vi utvärdera på vilka sätt Design Thinking skulle kunna integreras i Moguls fyrstegare för en mer människocentrerad process och resultat. Studien är baserad på a) forskning om Design Thinking och människocentrerade designprocesser, b) intervjuer med representanter från Moguls designteam, och c) dokumentation från vår egen praktiska produktutveckling av en rekryteringswebbplats till Mogul, där Design Thinking har varit vår arbetsmetod. Studien visar att Moguls designprocess skulle gynnas av att integrera ett antal verktyg och tankesätt från Design Thinking. Våra nyckelfynd föreslår att Fyrstegaren borde bli mer iterativ och inkludera slutanvändaren genom hela processen, främst i dess inledande faser. Fyrstegaren skulle också behöva fler handgripliga verktyg för att skapa en djupare förståelse för användaren och dess behov. Genom att integrera dessa principer från Design Thinking menar vi att Fyrstegaren skulle kunna bli mer ändamålsenlig, effektiv och människocentrerad.

This thesis describes the work process in creating a design concept for a website to a company in the graphics industry. It stems from a human-centered design perspective in creating the concept for the website. A big part of this work has been the preparatory work in creating a target group definition and develop strategies to create a concept. Proven methods in interaction design have been used with focus on prototyping. The result is presented in the form of a graphic profile and a visual design proposal of a website which has been based on user testing prototypes. This thesis discusse the importance of a human-centered design perspective when creating a concept of a website. By using a human-centered design perspective the user is kept in focus throughout the whole design process which also promotes the created products. / I denna uppsats beskrivs arbetsprocessen i att ta fram ett designkoncept för en webbplats till ett företag som arbetar med grafisk produktion. Denna studie tar upp designprocessen utifrån ett människocentrerat designperspektiv i framställningen av en webbplatskoncept. En stor del av detta har inneburit ett gediget förarbete i form av målgruppsdefinition samt framtagna strategier för att skapa ett koncept. Beprövade metoder inom interaktionsdesign har genomgående använts med fokus på prototyparbete. Genom att använda ett människocentrerat designperspektiv håller man användaren central genom hela designprocessen, vilket också främjar de produkter man tar fram. Resultatet av arbetet presenteras i form av en grafisk profil och ett visuellt designförslag av en webbplats som motiverats utifrån användartestade pappersprototyper. I arbetet diskuteras vikten av ett människocentrerat förhållningssätt i konceptutveckling av en webbplats

The health care sector is one of the most information-intensive institutions in Sweden. Big investments in information technology have been made to ensure efficiency and quality within organisations in health care. This has led to high requirements in documentation and resulted in an increase in administration which gradually more often is done by nurses and doctors. A major problem is that it is difficult to gain access to the information recorded in all the different systems, which is their objective. This causes double documentation instead of being a support in follow-up performance.   This study investigates the use of a central warehouse to enhance how people work with statistics at a clinic. The purpose of the project was to identify need and issues surrounding the clinical internal statistic of the Department of Neurosurgery and then give an improvement proposal in the form of a prototype software tool. During the project a requirement analysis in the form of interviews and observations in the clinic was carried out and the project team could identify users, systems, artefacts and information needs were identified. The result of this work is a prototype which was developed in a user-centered process, where contact with the IT-department (e-Hälsa) provided opportunities for access to data. The project has contributed a survey of the clinic where information- and functional needs about administrative statistics have been compiled and are the basis for a prototype that demonstrates a possible concept for recording and monitoring.