Im Mai 2018 fand an der Hochschule für bildende Künste Dresden (HfBK) in Kooperation mit den drei sächsischen Völkerkundemuseen der Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden (SKD) – Museum für Völkerkunde Dresden, Grassi Museum für Völkerkunde Leipzig, Völkerkundemuseum Herrnhut – der Workshop „Umgang. Menschliche Überreste in Museen und universitären Sammlungen“ statt. Dieser Band dokumentiert die im Rahmen des Workshops gehaltenen Beiträge.:Grußwort / Matthias Flügge Vorwort Stimmen zum Umgang Eine Stimme der Religion / Johann Hinrich Claussen Eine Stimme des Rechts / Adrian Schmidt-Recla Stimmen und Fragen der Ethik. Ein Überblick / Frank Oehmichen 1. Stimmen zur Herkunft „Unter Kannibalen“ – Afrikanische Initiativen zur Rückführung der Ahnen / Mnyaka Sururu Mboro und Christian Kopp Kritik aus der Sicht der Rückfordernden / Larissa Förster Fallbeispiel 1 Gebeine aus aller Welt für die Sammlung. Täter und Opfer / Birgit Scheps-Bretschneider Fallbeispiel 2 Präparate unter Verdacht. Künstleranatomie zwischen 1933-1945 an der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden / Sandra Mühlenberend Fallbeispiel 3 Der Umgang mit historischen Präparaten am Anatomischen Institut Leipzig / Christine Feja 2. Stimmen zur Forschung Menschliche Überreste und ihre moderne Erforschung. Methoden und Beispiele / Stephanie Zesch und Wilfried Rosendahl Fallbeispiel 1 Eine Masterthesis zum Umgang mit menschlichen Überresten im Bereich der Bodendenkmalpflege, Konservierung und Restaurierung / Dorothea Habel und Alexandra Jeberien Fallbeispiel 2 Ein Forschungsvorhaben zur Herstellungstechnik und Konservierung historischer Gefäßinjektionspräparate / Jakob Fuchs 3. Stimmen aus den Museen Wer darf sprechen und wessen Stimme wird gehört? / Nanette Jacomijn Snoep Sensitive Heritage. Ethnographic Museums and Material/Immaterial Restitutions / Philipp Schorch Fallbeispiel 1 Vorläufige Ergebnisse interdisziplinärer Provenienzrecherche an tansanischen human remains der Insel Musila / Marius Kowalak Fallbeispiel 2 Sensible Objekte im Fokus. Präparate aus dem Anatomischen Labor des Deutschen Hygiene-Museums zwischen 1950 bis 1971 / Susanne Roeßiger 4. Stimmen aus den universitären Sammlungen Human turn? Zum Umgang mit Präparaten der universitären Sammlung der Charité im Berliner Medizinhistorischen Museum / Thomas Schnalke Fallbeispiel 1 Eminente Potentiale und ethische Probleme. Beispiele zum Umgang mit human remains aus den Sammlungen des MUT / Ernst Seidl Fallbeispiel 2 Die Nutzung der Anatomischen Sammlung der Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden in Vergangenheit und Zukunft / Simone Fugger von dem Rech 5. Stimmen zur Erhaltung Die Erhaltung anatomischer Präparate. Ein Desiderat in Forschung und Lehre / Ivo Mohrmann 164 Die Verantwortung von Restaurator*innen beim Umgang mit menschlichen Überresten / Diana Gabler Fallbeispiel 1 Course on the topic of conservation of dry human tissue. At the School of Conservation, Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts / Ion Meyer Fallbeispiel 2 Umgang mit fehlenden Körperteilen an historischen Skelettaufstellungen / Jakob Fuchs Autorenhinweise Impressum

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The Kellis 2 cemetery site within the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt provides a unique study opportunity due to the large number of infant, perinatal, and fetal individuals that have been recovered. Several of the infant and fetal remains have undiagnosed circular defects on the temporal bone, and others have undiagnosed lesions on the zygomatic bone. Of the 268 individuals under one year of age that have been analyzed from the Kellis 2 cemetery, twentysix individuals have the temporal bone defect and six have the zygomatic bone lesions. A survey of clinical and paleopathological research provided possible pathological conditions that could cause abnormalities such as defects or lesions on the temporal bones or zygomatic bones in the fetal and infant population. For this study, the temporal bone defects and zygomatic bone lesions were macroscopically observed and a descriptive analysis was created. The information garnered from the literature survey was then compared to the individuals from the Kellis 2 cemetery that had the temporal bone defects and zygomatic bone lesions to create a differential diagnosis. A differential diagnosis of the temporal bone defects includes mastoid emissary vein defects and petrosquamous sinus anomalies. A differential diagnosis of the zygomatic bone lesions includes scurvy. Contributing factors may also have been present in order for these defects and lesions to occur. Creating a differential diagnosis of the defects and lesions can provide information on the health, growth, and morbidity of the youngest members of the society related to the Kellis 2 cemetery.

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The focus of this thesis is an analysis of a sample of dentition collected from the Postclassic Maya site of Santa Rita Corozal in Northern Belize. The goal of this study is to determine what the presence (or absence) of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH) can demonstrate about the general health (i.e. stress, disease, nutrition, and weaning age) and social status of a single subset of the Late Postclassic (900-1500 CE) Maya living at Santa Rita Corozal. Specifically, this thesis focuses on dentition of thirteen individuals from a large Postclassic platform group. The sample consists of sub-adult and adult female dentition from individuals that are associated with the same relative time period (Late Postclassic). The question being addressed in this thesis is: why has LEH presented in these individuals? These samples will also be compared to other studies involving LEH throughout the Maya area, in both similar and dissimilar environments. The preponderance of female and sub-adult remains also makes this platform group a very interesting topic of study for LEH in the Maya area, as it is unusual to find a concentrated area of individuals such as these. iv Importantly, the results of this study show that there is no significant relationship between general levels of stress and the overall status of an individual. Measurements collected from the LEH affected teeth demonstrate that all of the LEH episodes occurred before the age of 6. The mean age for the teeth sampled that show signs of LEH is 3.5 years, which is consistent with theories pertaining to the weaning age of the Maya during concomitant time periods. However, the size of this sample precludes any concrete conclusions about weaning ages and stress in general among the Maya at Santa Rita Corozal. It is also possible that these events are related to larger issues such as regional droughts or water-born disease.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative pathological condition of the appendicular joints which affects the cartilage and underlying bone. OA is relatively common in both the archaeological and clinical context, and a significant amount of research has been conducted on this osteological condition. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the incidence, demographic prevalence, and general severity of hip and knee OA in a Roman-Christian period (50 A.D – 450 A.D) population sample from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. The bioarchaeological sample originates from the Kellis 2 cemetery which is associated with the ancient town of Kellis. The town of Kellis is believed to have been a prosperous economic hub in Egypt, located in the Western Sahara Desert approximately 250 kilometers west of the Nile. The skeletal samples (n=135, 83 females and 51 males) was visually assessed for the osteological characteristics of OA in the hips and the knees. Joint surfaces of the hip include the acetabulum and femoral head. Joint surfaces of the knee include lateral/medial tibio-femoral compartments and the patellofemoral compartment. The ages of the individuals assessed in this study range from 19-72 years, and have been divided into five age categories which were then cross-tabulated with sex and OA incidence in order to determine demographic prevalence of OA. Findings indicate that age is a significant etiological factor of OA prevalence for both males and females. Males are afflicted by the disease significantly more than females in the hips (F: [L] 3.6%, [R] 5.9% and M: [L] 13.7%,[R] 13.7%) and also slightly more affected in the knees(F: [L] 17.5%,[R] 18.3% and M: [L] 22.9%,[R]21.3%). The acetabulum tends to be more arthritic than the femoral head for both males and females. Femoral condyles tend to be more arthritic than tibial condyles for both males and females. The patello-femoral compartment tends iv to be the most arthritic part of the knee while the medial condyles of both tibiae exhibit virtually no OA (with the exception of one individual). The joint surface observed with the highest OA prevalence is the femoral surface of the patella (F: [L] 17.5%,[R] 15.9% and M: [L] 21.3%,[R] 21.3%). The highest prevalence of OA by joint complex is observed on the left knee in males (22.9%), and the lowest prevalence of OA is observed on the left hip of females (3.6%). Both hip and knee joints have higher prevalence of unilateral OA manifestation than bilateral. Isotopic and archaeological evidence indicates that the individuals at Kellis maintained an agricultural subsistence regime, and that the males within the population may have been highly mobile migrating to and from the Dakhleh Oasis. Subsistence agriculture has its necessary physical demands which may have been a contributory factor to OA rates. Males show higher OA rates than females throughout the joints of the legs. Sexual dimorphism of OA for the hips is suggestive of sexual divisions of labor. OA of the knees lacks sexual dimorphism therefore the knee joint complex of males and females were likely subjected to similar levels of mechanical loading. It can be concluded based on the OA data that males and females exhibit similar activity, or biomechanical stress levels in the knee joint complexes. Males exhibit significantly higher pathological manifestation of OA in the hip joint complexes, indicative of higher levels of mechanical loading in the hip joint complex which can theoretically be attributed to sexual divisions of labor or perhaps terrestrial mobility