Student Number : 7905085 - PhD thesis - School of Education - Faculty of Humanities / This thesis is based on an exploration of human rights (in) South African education. In order to do so, however, it has been necessary to explore the origins of the notion of human rights in both its philosophical and legal senses. It covers the ways in which the claim of an equality of all human beings has developed historically and the ways in which they are articulated in the Universal Declaration of human rights and in the “new” South African Constitution. However, the argument in this thesis is that human rights tend to be generalised and universalised, and as such do not adequately address the ways in which human rights are experienced in specific social formations and in the contexts of particular people’s lives. In order to make human rights more specific and personal, I apply a sociology of human rights using Stuart Hall’s “theory of articulation” and demonstrate what this sociological analysis means in the context of South Africa under apartheid. In addition, to prevent reifying social categories and privileging particular types of human identity, I explore human rights under apartheid in relation to ‘race’, gender and sexual orientation. Throughout, I point to ways in which these identities and social categories interconnect with each and balance micro and macro approaches to an analysis of apartheid. Methodologically this thesis uses Sarah Lawrence-Lightfoot’s approach of “portraiture” in order to capture personal lives within a macro context and I provide accounts in this respect of Nelson Mandela and Simon Nkoli. I have also used a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches in my investigation of experiences of human rights in South African education. Teachers’ and learners’ questionnaires were conducted in schools in the Western Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Gauteng in South Africa between 1996 and 1998. In addition, individual interviews with Grade 9 teachers were conducted and group interviews with Grade 9 learners in these schools were also done. Classroom observations in three schools, one in each of the provinces, were also conducted, and individual interviews with two gay learners also form part of the empirical data of this study. A national survey of what human rights programmes were used by educational institutions and organisations was also conducted. The thesis also contextualises the sampled schools experiences within the post-apartheid dispensation in South Africa, providing an account of how human rights are framed in South Africa generally and in the South African educational system in particular. Approaches to human rights (in) education are also covered, as are the principles of a human rights education. The conclusions that I arrive at in this thesis are that there are interventions in regard to human rights in South African education which tend to be located within legalistic and integrated approaches. In addition, experiences of racism in the sampled schools are prevalent within an assimilationist mode. In regard to sexual orientation, sex, gender and sexuality are conflated but the provision of human rights in terms of sexual orientation has had a positive impact on the sampled gay learners in this study. Finally, I argue that the sociological approach to human rights is useful and generative and has enabled this study to access an understanding of human rights in generalised macro terms and in specific contexts of people’s experiences.

O presente trabalho trata de democracia, direitos humanos e educação, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica sugerida por autores identificados com a Teoria Crítica tendo como mote principal a discussão sobre emancipação e uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades da Educação em Direitos Humanos se constituir enquanto um projeto emancipatório. Educação aqui é entendida como formação para o exercício de uma vida plena, com autonomia e liberdade, assim como a realização do princípio fundamental dos direitos humanos, que é a dignidade. Parte também de uma avaliação sobre o Brasil real, suas potencialidades tão grandes quanto os problemas cruciais das desigualdades sociais e regionais e, acima de tudo, a permanência do poder oligárquico e de costumes e mentalidades herdeiros de uma história marcada a ferro e fogo por séculos de escravidão. Os pressupostos que serviram como princípios norteadores, são: i) democracia e direitos humanos são indissociáveis, um não existe sem o outro e ambos são processos históricos e dinâmicos; ii) o fundamento dos direitos humanos é o reconhecimento da dignidade intrínseca a todo ser humano; iii) falar em emancipação supõe, sempre, a ampliação e o aprofundamento de democracia e da cidadania ativa; iv) a pedagogia da emancipação exige a ação do Estado (políticas públicas que garantam a vida digna para todos) mas também a atuação da sociedade em termos de valorização da comunidade e do acesso aos bens e serviços culturais, tanto como fruição como quanto produção. A tese associa direitos humanos e educação numa perspectiva de compreender como, através dessa associação, possa constituir-se uma nova gramática emancipatória. / This work addresses democracy, human rights and education, from a theoretical perspective suggested by authors identified with the Critical Theory having as main motto the discussion about the empowerment and reflecting on the potentiality of human rights education to constitute itself an emancipatory project. Education is understood here as a training exercise for a full life, with autonomy and freedom as well as the realization of the fundamental principle of human rights, which is dignity. Also part of an evaluation of the real Brazil, its potential is as large as the crucial problems of social and regional inequalities and, above all, the permanence of oligarchic power and customs and mentalities inherited by a history marked by blood and iron for centuries of slavery. The assumptions that served as guiding principles, are: i) democracy and human rights are inextricably linked, one does not exist without the other and both are a dynamic historical processes; ii) the foundation of human rights is the recognition of the dignity inherent in every human being; iii) speak of emancipation presupposes always, the broadening and deepening of democracy and active citizenship; iv) the pedagogy of emancipation requires state action (public policies that guarantee a dignified life for all) but also the role of society in terms of valuing community and access to cultural goods and services, as well as enjoyment and as production. The thesis combines human rights and education in order to understand how, through this association, may constitute a new emancipatory grammar.

The Gender Equity Task Team’s (1997) report, Gender Equity in Education, recommends that further research be done to identify the practices perpetuating inequitable gender relations in classrooms and to provide guidelines for teachers and learners to understand the meaning of the gender issues presented in the curriculum (South Africa, 1997:14&16). This research study echoes some of the desires of The Gender Equity Task Team through an exploration that engages with the extent to which gender equity is enacted in Human Rights Education curricula. In particular, the aims of this research study were to; • contest and deconstruct the notion ‘gender equity’ from scholarly perspectives as well as from explicit curriculum, female teachers’ and schoolgirls’ narratives, so as to create an awareness of gender equity in society and curriculum; and • engage with Human Rights Education pedagogical approaches so as to consider the promotion of gender equity through Human Rights Education curricula. The aims of the study were explored through a theoretical framework that engaged with Human Rights Education -, curriculum -, feminist - and gender studies theories. The methodological framework was that of qualitative narrative inquiry. A purposeful sample consisting of South African national curriculum policy documents as well as secondary school female teachers and Grade 9 schoolgirls in semi-rural and inner-city environments was selected. Document research, semi-structured one-on-one interviews and narrative-photovoice were the data collection methods, and critical discourse analysis the analytical framework. These theoretical and methodological stances were purposefully selected juxtaposed to the interests of the international SANPAD (South Africa Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in Development) project in which this research study resides, entitled: ‘Human Rights Education in diversity: Empowering girls in rural and metropolitan school environments’ (Roux, 2009). The findings and interpretations derived from the empirical data reveal that the formal Human Rights Education curriculum portrays gender and gender equity nuances as health, social and wellbeing dilemmas that have detrimental and destructive consequences on individuals and on society as a whole. The female teachers and schoolgirls experience gender equity primarily in terms of sameness and ‘being equal’. The elusive, complex nature of gender equity was not prevalent. However, the lived experiences of some female teachers and schoolgirls demonstrated the situatedness of their gender identity through the hidden curriculum and reinforced the notion of gender equity as a social construct. The findings of this research study have refined my understanding of the nuances of gender and gender equity, creating in me a deeper awareness of these concepts. This awareness permeates my vision of the curriculum in particular and the education system and society in general, and makes me want to strive toward fostering transformative curriculum spaces. Another contribution of this research study emerged from the desire to elicit schoolgirls’ narratives with the aid of photographs. By disrupting the boundaries between narrative and photovoice as data collection methods, narrative-photovoice was coined as a methodological contribution to this research study. The value of narrative-photovoice for and within gender studies research is also revealed. The third contribution of this research study emerged in response to the need to enrich the concept of gender equity within Human Rights Education. In effect, critical human rights literacy (HRLit) was conceptualized as a developing normative theory to deconstruct the discursive spaces emerging in Human Rights Education and to critically engage with their meanings. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Development Innovation and Evaluation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

The Gender Equity Task Team’s (1997) report, Gender Equity in Education, recommends that further research be done to identify the practices perpetuating inequitable gender relations in classrooms and to provide guidelines for teachers and learners to understand the meaning of the gender issues presented in the curriculum (South Africa, 1997:14&16). This research study echoes some of the desires of The Gender Equity Task Team through an exploration that engages with the extent to which gender equity is enacted in Human Rights Education curricula. In particular, the aims of this research study were to; • contest and deconstruct the notion ‘gender equity’ from scholarly perspectives as well as from explicit curriculum, female teachers’ and schoolgirls’ narratives, so as to create an awareness of gender equity in society and curriculum; and • engage with Human Rights Education pedagogical approaches so as to consider the promotion of gender equity through Human Rights Education curricula. The aims of the study were explored through a theoretical framework that engaged with Human Rights Education -, curriculum -, feminist - and gender studies theories. The methodological framework was that of qualitative narrative inquiry. A purposeful sample consisting of South African national curriculum policy documents as well as secondary school female teachers and Grade 9 schoolgirls in semi-rural and inner-city environments was selected. Document research, semi-structured one-on-one interviews and narrative-photovoice were the data collection methods, and critical discourse analysis the analytical framework. These theoretical and methodological stances were purposefully selected juxtaposed to the interests of the international SANPAD (South Africa Netherlands Research Programme on Alternatives in Development) project in which this research study resides, entitled: ‘Human Rights Education in diversity: Empowering girls in rural and metropolitan school environments’ (Roux, 2009). The findings and interpretations derived from the empirical data reveal that the formal Human Rights Education curriculum portrays gender and gender equity nuances as health, social and wellbeing dilemmas that have detrimental and destructive consequences on individuals and on society as a whole. The female teachers and schoolgirls experience gender equity primarily in terms of sameness and ‘being equal’. The elusive, complex nature of gender equity was not prevalent. However, the lived experiences of some female teachers and schoolgirls demonstrated the situatedness of their gender identity through the hidden curriculum and reinforced the notion of gender equity as a social construct. The findings of this research study have refined my understanding of the nuances of gender and gender equity, creating in me a deeper awareness of these concepts. This awareness permeates my vision of the curriculum in particular and the education system and society in general, and makes me want to strive toward fostering transformative curriculum spaces. Another contribution of this research study emerged from the desire to elicit schoolgirls’ narratives with the aid of photographs. By disrupting the boundaries between narrative and photovoice as data collection methods, narrative-photovoice was coined as a methodological contribution to this research study. The value of narrative-photovoice for and within gender studies research is also revealed. The third contribution of this research study emerged in response to the need to enrich the concept of gender equity within Human Rights Education. In effect, critical human rights literacy (HRLit) was conceptualized as a developing normative theory to deconstruct the discursive spaces emerging in Human Rights Education and to critically engage with their meanings. / Thesis (PhD (Curriculum Development Innovation and Evaluation))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

台灣教育體系的發展在傳統倫理觀念、集體管理主義、升學與粗廉主義等歷史因素交相影響下，始終無法脫離僵化的惡性循環，校園中充滿大量的管制規範與獎懲制度，不僅有礙於人權教育的推展，更為管制文化的生根提供茁壯的土壤。 本研究從校園制度層面著手，結合校規演變與人權教育進行探討，首先透過歷史溯源，探詢相關校園規範之教育法令與校規的演變，探析演變的因素與過程，以及在演變的過程中，學校教育、教師圖像與學生主體的關係呈現何種變化？期望藉此研究重新反省教育人員的定位，並企圖探索教育人員能否從中檢討自身所處社會的、文化的與實際的環境，並能批判並澄清其在合法化政治、經濟、社會、利益上的角色。 其次，透過文件分析與比較分析，探析城鄉兩所不同學校校園規範與校園生態之實際情形，探究在相同的歷史發展脈絡下，兩校所呈現出的校園規範與校園文化是否有所不同。研究結果發現，面對校園民主化的到來，兩校於制度層面均能順應社會期待，但在心態上，是否有所積極與消極做為則觀乎其對於學校教育、教師專業倫理與學生本質之不同預設而有不同。 整體而言，我國校園規範之發展，係由國家教育權與義務本位觀，逐漸朝向國民為教育權之主體以及權利義務觀的方向發展。校園的民主化與整體教育法制及文化政治相互影響，校園規範的演變促動了校園文化的改變，在民主化的進程中，受到人權思潮的影響，顯現出「人」的自覺與反省與大環境的相互辯證關係。 校園規範牽涉到權威、正義、隱私、責任等相關人權教育的價值，因此，民主的開放性不僅給于學校有自主的可能，同時也是希望教師有創造、轉化的可能，在體會到「人民為教育權之主體」後，學校方才能轉化其教育環境，改變其教育心態與行動，彰顯其目的性與任務性。 / The development of the education system in Taiwan could not break away from the rigid vicious circle under the influence factor between the traditional ethics idea, collective managerialism, proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade and thick inexpensive principle. There are lots of obstruct the implementation of human rights education but also offer a field for the growing of culture of control. The argument in this study combine the development of school regulations and human rights education that probe into the legal system of education. First, the research start analyzing through history background of the development of the school regulations and the education in campus the probe into the legal system. During the process of developing, what kind of change of the relation happened between school education, teacher’s picture, student’s subject appear？ Expect through this study to introspect educator’s location and examine educational environment. Attempt to explore whether a teacher can criticize one’s own role in legalizing the politics, economy, society and interests. Secondly, through text analysis and comparative analysis, analyze the school regulation and reality of two different schools in urban and rural area. Discuss the difference between the school regulation and culture of the two schools in the same historical background. The result of the study discovered two schools can both comply with the society’s expect on the system aspect facing the arrival of democratization. But on the change of mindset, it’s should depend on the school education, teacher professional ethics and student essence. Treating the wholeness as single conclusion, the development of the school regulations in our country in the beginning are dominated by nationalism, then gradually democratized. In fact, democratization of campus and the legal system of education are influence each other. The development of school regulations promote the change on campus culture. In the process of democratization, influenced by human rights, display people’s conscientious and introspection with the dialectical relation of the environment. The school regulations of education value involves authority, justice, privacy, responsibility and human rights, etc. Therefore, The openness of democracy not merely gives independent possibility for the school, But make the teacher possible to create and transform at the same time. When school realize ‘people are the main body of education’. It same will be able to change the education environment, Education attitude and action, and then reflect its purpose and task.

A Educação em Direitos Humanos como princípio educativo é objeto de análise nesta pesquisa, a partir das propostas do Plano Nacional de Educação em Direitos Humanos - PNEDH, de 2007, apresentado e desenvolvido pelo governo Federal, pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, a Ciência e a Cultura (UNESCO) e contando com a contribuição de pesquisadores e professores universitários. A Pedagogia da Libertação, com base na pedagogia da Autonomia foi uma das molas propulsoras deste trabalho na busca de estudar a proposta de Educação que tenha por princípio os Direitos Humanos como um instrumento para alcançar a grande diversidade multicultural que temos hoje, buscando a formação de um ser humano mais afeto a tolerância e a convivência pacífica em sociedade. Problematizou-se o anunciado no PNEDH nos aspectos relativos aos direitos humanos, currículo, multiculturalidade, religião, educação e sociedade, com o objetivo de compreender as razões de expansão dessa tendência que vincula direitos humanos à educação analisando as atuais políticas educacionais voltadas à desigualdade social. Apresentaram-se breves aspectos da origem histórica dos Direitos Humanos no Brasil para a construção da cidadania, a importância da religião na proteção dos Direitos Humanos. Na análise, utilizou-se o método científico dedutivo-indutivo, explorando-se dialeticamente os estudos de diversos autores relativos à temática Educação em Direitos Humanos. / The Human Rights Education as an educational principle is the object of analysis in this research, according to the proposals of the National Plan for Human Rights Education - PNEDH, 2007, presented and developed by the Federal Government, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and with input from researchers and academics. The Pedagogy of Liberation, based on The Pedagogy of Liberation, based on the pedagogy of autonomy was one of the drivers of this work in the quest to study the proposal of Education which has the principle Human Rights as a tool to achieve great multicultural diversity we have today, seeking educational attainment more sensitive to tolerance and peaceful coexistence in society. It has problematized be announced in the PNEDH the aspects relating to human rights, curriculum, multiculturalism, religion, education and society, in order to understand the reasons for this expansion trend that links human rights to education analyzing the current educational policies geared to social inequality. It has presented brief aspects of the historical origin of human rights in Brazil for the construction of citizenship, the importance of religion in the protection of human rights. In the analysis, we used the deductive-inductive scientific method by exploiting dialectically studies of various authors on the theme Human Rights Education.

O objetivo deste estudo é fazer uma abordagem sobre a educação em direitos humanos a partir do cinema. Para isto, busca apoio no tripé pesquisa, ensino e extensão, priorizando a abordagem qualitativa ao revisar trabalhos acadêmicos sobre Cinema e Direito, mas também ao apresentar registros realizados de 2013 a 2015, a partir de observações e interações presentes relatórios (anexos) usando a técnica de cunho etnográfico da observação-participante, já que a pesquisadora estava inserida no objeto de pesquisa observado como educadora em Direitos Humanos a partir de obras cinematográficas. Ainda apresenta um breve estudo sobre a Legislação pertinente à Educação em Direitos Humanos, a incorporação dos Tratados de Direitos Humanos, as metas para a Década da Educação para os Direitos Humanos, os Planos Nacionais de Educação para os Direitos Humanos, para, então, partir a abordar a problemática educação em Direitos Humanos no Brasil, apresentar os projetos e experiências práticas que envolvem o tema Direitos Humanos e Cinema: Cine Jurídico; Cine Cárcere; Mostra de Cinema e Direitos Humanos; Democratizando: inventar com a diferença; Cinema pela Verdade; a Lei 9.394 de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional sobre a inclusão da exibição de filmes como atividade obrigatória nas Escolas. / The purpose of this study is to make an approach on the human rights education from the cinema, for it seeks support in research tripod, education and extension, prioritizing qualitative approach to review academic papers on Cinema and law, but also to present records conducted from 2013 to 2015 from observations and interactions present reports (attached) using the technique of ethnographic observation participant, since the researcher was inserted into the research object observed as educator in human rights from films. Also presents a brief study of the relevant legislation to Human Rights Education, the incorporation of human rights treaties, the targets for the Decade of Education for Human Rights, the National Plan of Education for Human Rights, to thereafter address the problem Education in Human Rights in Brazil, present the projects and practical experience involving the theme Cinema and Human Rights: Legal Cine; Cine Prison; Exhibition of Cinema and Human Rights; Democratizing: invent with a difference; Cinema for Truth, the 9394 Law of Directives and Bases of National Education on the inclusion of film screenings as a mandatory activity in schools.

Submitted by Viviane Lima da Cunha (viviane@biblioteca.ufpb.br) on 2016-02-01T11:19:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1326633 bytes, checksum: 7c036caf89057d1e8955912d4c43a9d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-01T11:19:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1326633 bytes, checksum: 7c036caf89057d1e8955912d4c43a9d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / This work deals with human rights education, with the object of analysis to public school, especially education experiences in human rights, created from the More Education Program of the Ministry of Education, held in Singapore and systematized in the course monographs Specialization in Integral Education and Human Rights of Citizenship and Human Rights Center UFPB in the 2013-2014 period. The work has as main objective to analyze the student production of Integral Education Specialization Course on Human Rights, in order to understand the inclusion of human rights education in the More Education Program. The specific objectives, aims to: contextualize and systematize the pedagogical approach of the Integral Education Specialization in Human Rights NCDH-UFPB; map the problem searches for monographs on human rights and analyze the theoretical and methodological perspective adopted in monographic studies in relation to human rights education. As methodology, the study was based on a qualitative research through literature review and documentary involving the monographs of Integral Education Specialization Course on Human Rights. The inclusion of human rights in comprehensive education programs favors transversal in the curriculum in basic education. / O presente trabalho trata da educação em direitos humanos, tendo como objeto de análise a escola pública, especialmente, experiências de educação em direitos humanos criadas a partir do Programa Mais Educação do Ministério da Educação, realizadas em João Pessoa e sistematizadas em monografias do Curso de Especialização em Educação Integral e Direitos Humanos do Núcleo de Cidadania e Direitos Humanos da UFPB, no período de 2013-2014. O trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar a produção discente do Curso de Especialização Educação Integral em Direitos Humanos, de modo a compreender a inserção da educação em direitos humanos no Programa Mais Educação. Como objetivos específicos, pretende-se: contextualizar e sistematizar a proposta pedagógica do Curso de Especialização Educação Integral em Direitos Humanos do NCDH-UFPB; mapear as problemáticas pesquisadas nas monografias relativas aos direitos humanos e analisar a perspectiva teórica e metodológica adotada nos estudos monográficos em relação à educação em direitos humanos. Como metodologia, o estudo se pautou por uma pesquisa qualitativa através da análise bibliográfica e documental do Curso de Especialização Educação Integral em Direitos Humanos. A inserção dos direitos humanos em programas de educação integral favorece a transversalidade no currículo na educação básica.

Submitted by Elisa Cristina Garcia Barbosa (li_barbosa@hotmail.com) on 2018-09-26T18:51:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão Final - Elisa C G Barbosa.1.pdf: 2060024 bytes, checksum: 9ce1d522dfc1394be1b80a750c93ba1f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Priscila Carreira B Vicentini null (priscila@fclar.unesp.br) on 2018-09-26T19:21:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ecg_me_arafcl.pdf: 1861039 bytes, checksum: 83c88ff83b6b261267631c085fd31bdf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-26T19:21:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 barbosa_ecg_me_arafcl.pdf: 1861039 bytes, checksum: 83c88ff83b6b261267631c085fd31bdf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de Mestrado em Educação Escolar cujo objetivo foi levantar a percepção dos professores e gestores do ensino médio da rede pública de ensino de uma cidade interiorana do estado de São Paulo no tocante aos direitos humanos e à educação em direitos humanos. Para isso, a partir da teoria crítica, foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, com análise do currículo do ensino médio do estado de São Paulo, além da coleta de dados empíricos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com esses professores e gestores. As legislações, normativas, planos e programas que se referem aos direitos humanos, bem como à educação em direitos humanos, em âmbitos nacional e internacional, foram estudados. Também se buscou compreender a matriz dos direitos humanos na nossa sociedade atual, em especial, na América Latina e no Brasil. Verificou-se que a educação em direitos humanos tem ganhado visibilidade como uma das formas na construção de uma sociedade mais justa, igualitária e cidadã. No entanto, a partir da análise do currículo do ensino médio do estado de São Paulo, bem como da fala dos professores e gestores, também do ensino médio, da rede pública de ensino, percebe-se que ainda há um caminho longo a ser construído em direção à educação em direitos humanos, tendo em vista que a temática não encontrou espaço para ser desenvolvida no currículo analisado, tampouco era conhecida e, muitas vezes, distorcida pelos entrevistados. A partir desta pesquisa, pode-se perceber que também não há grandes incentivos governamentais no tocante à educação em direitos humanos, seja pela falta da estrutura permissiva à disseminação desses direitos, seja pela falta de políticas públicas e ações que reafirmem a necessidade e obrigatoriedade deles no contexto atual. E, por isso, se confirma o motivo pelo qual uma educação em direitos humanos, questionadora, emancipadora e reivindicatória é tão imprescindível para que esta situação se transforme. / This paper presents the results of a Master's Degree in School Education whose objective was to collect the perception of the teachers and school managers of high school in the public school network of a countryside city of the state of São Paulo related to human rights and human rights education. For this, based on the critical theory, a bibliographical and documentary research was carried out, with analysis of the high school curriculum of the state of São Paulo, as well as the collection of empirical data through semi-structured interviews with these teachers and school managers. Laws, regulations, plans and programs relating to human rights as well as human rights education, both nationally and internationally, have been studied. We also sought to understand the human rights matrix in our current society, especially in Latin America and Brazil. It has been verified that human rights education has gained visibility as one of the ways in building a more just, egalitarian and citizen society. However, from the analysis of the high school curriculum of the state of São Paulo, as well as from the teachers and school managers speech, also from the high school, from the public school system, it is noticed that there is still a long way to be built in the direction of human rights education, considering that the theme did not find space to be developed in the analyzed curriculum, nor was it known and, often, its concept was distorted by the interviewees. From this research, it can be seen that there are also no major governmental incentives regarding to human rights education, either because of the lack of a permissive structure for the dissemination of these rights, or because of the lack of public policies and actions that reaffirm their need and obligation in the current context. And for this reason, it is confirmed the reason why a human rights education, questioning, emancipating and demanding, is so essential for this situation to change. / CAPES DS: 1687494

O presente trabalho trata de democracia, direitos humanos e educação, a partir de uma perspectiva teórica sugerida por autores identificados com a Teoria Crítica tendo como mote principal a discussão sobre emancipação e uma reflexão sobre as potencialidades da Educação em Direitos Humanos se constituir enquanto um projeto emancipatório. Educação aqui é entendida como formação para o exercício de uma vida plena, com autonomia e liberdade, assim como a realização do princípio fundamental dos direitos humanos, que é a dignidade. Parte também de uma avaliação sobre o Brasil real, suas potencialidades tão grandes quanto os problemas cruciais das desigualdades sociais e regionais e, acima de tudo, a permanência do poder oligárquico e de costumes e mentalidades herdeiros de uma história marcada a ferro e fogo por séculos de escravidão. Os pressupostos que serviram como princípios norteadores, são: i) democracia e direitos humanos são indissociáveis, um não existe sem o outro e ambos são processos históricos e dinâmicos; ii) o fundamento dos direitos humanos é o reconhecimento da dignidade intrínseca a todo ser humano; iii) falar em emancipação supõe, sempre, a ampliação e o aprofundamento de democracia e da cidadania ativa; iv) a pedagogia da emancipação exige a ação do Estado (políticas públicas que garantam a vida digna para todos) mas também a atuação da sociedade em termos de valorização da comunidade e do acesso aos bens e serviços culturais, tanto como fruição como quanto produção. A tese associa direitos humanos e educação numa perspectiva de compreender como, através dessa associação, possa constituir-se uma nova gramática emancipatória. / This work addresses democracy, human rights and education, from a theoretical perspective suggested by authors identified with the Critical Theory having as main motto the discussion about the empowerment and reflecting on the potentiality of human rights education to constitute itself an emancipatory project. Education is understood here as a training exercise for a full life, with autonomy and freedom as well as the realization of the fundamental principle of human rights, which is dignity. Also part of an evaluation of the real Brazil, its potential is as large as the crucial problems of social and regional inequalities and, above all, the permanence of oligarchic power and customs and mentalities inherited by a history marked by blood and iron for centuries of slavery. The assumptions that served as guiding principles, are: i) democracy and human rights are inextricably linked, one does not exist without the other and both are a dynamic historical processes; ii) the foundation of human rights is the recognition of the dignity inherent in every human being; iii) speak of emancipation presupposes always, the broadening and deepening of democracy and active citizenship; iv) the pedagogy of emancipation requires state action (public policies that guarantee a dignified life for all) but also the role of society in terms of valuing community and access to cultural goods and services, as well as enjoyment and as production. The thesis combines human rights and education in order to understand how, through this association, may constitute a new emancipatory grammar.