Thesis (M.A.)--Baylor University, 2008. / Includes bibliographic refrences (p. 123-126)

Thesis (doctoral)--Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1995. / Cover title. Includes bibliographical references (p. 527-554) and index.

Thèse-Univ. de Paris. / "Bibliographie" : p. xi-xxxii.

Le processus de mise en défense du bas Moyen Âge pose la question de l’évolution des communautés d’habitants du Toulousain. La compréhension des dynamiques de la défense nécessite une approche pluridisciplinaire fondée sur l’analyse des sources écrites, planimétriques, figurées et archéologiques. La richesse de la documentation met en lumière les rapports sociaux et l’organisation d’un groupe face au danger. Le phénomène des forts villageois a servi de support à une réflexion plus large sur les types et les formes de dispositifs défensifs. Une démarche comparative sur les structures interroge ainsi les modèles de fortifications et leur évolution. Au-delà de la dimension humaine et communautaire de la mise en défense, l’étude multi-scalaire éclaire les relations entre communauté et autorité seigneuriale, le rapport au territoire et l’interaction entre Toulouse et ses campagnes, mais aussi les réseaux de solidarité dans la protection d’un espace partagé. / The defence process in the late Middle Ages raises the question of evolution of communities inhabitanting in Toulouse area. Understanding the defensive dynamics requires a multidisciplinary approach based on the analysis of written, planimetric, iconographic and archaeological sources. The documentation’s precious contents highlight the social relationship and the organization of a group facing danger. The “forts villageois” phenomenon served a larger reflection about types and forms of defensive measures. A comparative approach on the structures questions fortifications models and their evolution. Beyond the human and community scope the multi-scale study points out the relationships between community and lord, the relation to the territory and the interaction between Toulouse and the surrounding villages, as well as the solidarity networks in a shared space protection.

Submitted by Mariana de Paula Cintra (marianacintradepaula@gmail.com) on 2018-09-18T18:37:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação final (para protocolar).pdf: 4609407 bytes, checksum: dc992c5cb1ba4dd5df80e5b52ae1ec43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jacqueline de Almeida null (jacquie@franca.unesp.br) on 2018-09-19T19:28:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintra_MP_me_fran.pdf: 4609407 bytes, checksum: dc992c5cb1ba4dd5df80e5b52ae1ec43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-19T19:28:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintra_MP_me_fran.pdf: 4609407 bytes, checksum: dc992c5cb1ba4dd5df80e5b52ae1ec43 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-11 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As descrições e prescrições dos diversos aspectos do cotidiano da boa gente foram recorrentes nos escritos sobre o Rio de Janeiro oitocentista. Nos primeiros periódicos voltados ao público feminino, criados a partir de 1827, nos jornais publicados desde 1808 e nos enredos dos primeiros romances cariocas, as festividades religiosas e mundanas – bailes e saraus –, as apresentações teatrais, as colunas sobre moda, os anúncios de comerciantes dedicados a vender suas mercadorias importadas, as menções ao bom trato das vestimentas, o valor da moda e da beleza e a importância do bem vestir foram tópicos presentes. Partindo deste variado corpus documental, que contempla desde o limiar do Oitocentos, quando os profissionais europeus começaram a se estabelecer nas ruas centrais do Rio de Janeiro, até meados de 1850, quando os discursos sobre a moda e os aspectos da civilização já se encontravam enraizados na sociedade carioca, a presente dissertação busca apresentar e interrogar como os cuidados com a aparência e a moda ganharam centralidade na vida das mulheres oitocentistas. O propósito fundamental, em outros termos, é dar-se a conhecer o cenário de uma capital brasileira que se abria para os discursos de civilidade e europeização dos espaços sociais e dos hábitos cotidianos por meio dos padrões vestimentários recomendados. A partir do que acreditamos ser o despertar da moda na sociedade fluminense, procuramos trazer à luz as particularidades e recorrências desses discursos e como eles ajudaram a compor um tipo de mulher ideal oitocentista. / The descriptions and prescriptions of the various aspects of the daily life of the good people were recurrent in the writings on Rio de Janeiro during the nineteenth century. In the first periodicals aimed at the female audience, created in 1827, in the newspapers published since 1808 and in the entanglements of the first Carioca novels, religious and worldly festivities - dances and serenades -, theatrical presentations, fashion columns, merchants dedicated to selling their imported goods, mentions to the good treatment of clothing, the value of fashion and beauty, and the importance of well-being were present topics. Starting from this varied documentary corpus that contemplates from the threshold of the Eighth, when the European professionals began to settle in the central streets of Rio de Janeiro, until the middle of 1850, when the discourses on the fashion and the aspects of the civilization already were rooted in the society of Rio de Janeiro, the present dissertation seeks to present and question how care with appearance and fashion have gained centrality in the life of eighteenth-century women. The fundamental purpose, in other words, is to make known the scenario of a Brazilian capital that was open to the discourses of civility and Europeanization of social spaces and daily habits through standardized dress patterns. From what we believe to be the awakening of fashion in the society of Rio de Janeiro, we try to bring to light the particularities and recurrences of these discourses and how they helped to compose a type of ideal woman from the nineteenth century. / 2016/03312-1

Context. Prioritization is essential part of requirements engineering, software release planning and many other software engineering disciplines. Cumulative Voting (CV) is known as relatively simple method for prioritizing requirements on a ratio scale. Historically, CV has been applied in decision making in government elections, corporate governance, and forestry. CV prioritization results are special type of data - compositional data. Any analysis of CV results must take into account the compositional nature of the CV results. Objectives. The purpose of this study is to aid decision making by collecting knowledge on the empirical use of CV and developing a method for detecting prioritization items with equal priority. Methods. We present a systematic literature review of CV and CV result analysis methods. The review is based on search in electronic databases and snowball sampling of the primary studies. Relevant studies are selected based on titles, abstracts, and full text inspection. Additionally, we propose Equality of Cumulative Votes (ECV) { a CV result analysis method that identifies prioritization items with equal priority. Results. CV has been used in not only in requirements prioritization and release planning but also in software process improvement, change impact analysis, model drive software development, etc. The review has resulted in a collection of state of the practice studies and CV result analysis methods. CV results can be analysed to detect stakeholder satisfaction and disagreement, see how the priorities differ among prioritization perspectives and stakeholder groups. ECV has been applied to 27 prioritization cases from 14 studies and has identified nine groups of equal items in three studies. Conclusions. We believe that collected studies and CV result analysis methods can help the adoption of CV prioritization method. The evaluation of ECV indicates that it is able to detect prioritization items with equal priority.

A la fin du Moyen Age l’historiographie normande connaît un nouvel essor par la rédaction dans la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle de la Grande Chronique de Normandie. Le texte relate l’histoire du duché de Normandie et du monde anglo-Normand entre 911 et 1204. En 911 le chef viking Rollon recevait du roi de France Charles le Simple le territoire de Neustrie contre promesse de défendre ses frontières et de se convertir au catholicisme. Les Normands feront croître leur territoire au-Delà des limites de la Manche, initiant ainsi une nouvelle dynastie royale en Angleterre. La Normandie sera rattachée en 1204 à la couronne française de Philippe Auguste. Tardivement mis en image au XVe siècle, le texte sera illustré de scènes typologiques, traditionnellement utilisées dans les chroniques médiévales. Puis, se développerons des images plus complexes et narratives. Le but étant toujours la mise en exergue de la dynastie anglo-Normande. Produits durant ou juste après la guerre de Cent Ans, les manuscrits s’inscrivent dans un contexte tout à fait singulier. L’histoire normande sera utilisée à des fins politiques pour servir les prétentions des belligérants ou pour éduquer le lectorat médiéval. Largement diffusée dans le nord de la France l’illustration des manuscrits a permis la mise en place d’une tradition iconographique relative à la dynastie anglo-Normande dans trois grands centres artistiques : la Normandie, Paris et les Flandres. Enfin, le texte sera remanié et continué afin de poursuivre l’histoire normande jusqu’aux temps présents de la production. La Grande Chronique de Normandie a survécu à l’apparition de l’imprimerie tout en perdant toutefois sa récente tradition iconographique / In the late Middle Ages, the writting of the GCN gave to the norman historiography a new growth in the second half of the 14th century. The text dealt with the history of the duchy of Normandy and the anglo-Norman world from 911 to 1204. In 911, the Viking chief Rollo received the territory of Neustrie from Charles the Simple, king of France, in exchange of the promise to defend the border and to become catholic. The Normans increased there territory over the Channel, thus they started a new dynasty in England. The Normandy has been attached to the french crown under the reign of Philippe Auguste. At a late stage, the text of the GCN has been illuminated with typologic scenes, traditionnaly used in medieval chronicals. Moreover, images became more and more complicated and narrative as well, whose purpose was still the highlighting ofthe anglo-Norman dynasty. The context of the making of the manuscripts is very specific in so far as they have been made during or shortly after the One Hundred Year War. The norman history will be used for the political interest of the belligerants as well as to educate the medieval readership. Widely spread in Nothern France, the illuminated manuscripts permitted the settlement of an iconographic tradition related to the anglo-Norman dynasty in three great artistic centres : the Nomandy, Paris and Flanders. Finally, the text has been changed and increased in order to go on the norman history till now. The GCN managed to go through the period of printing, therefore it lost its new iocnography recently gained.

The Hundred Table environment is one of the mathematical environments created by the authors of mathematics textbooks published by FRAUS using the Hejný Method, and this paper investigates it further. The theoretical section looks at the current teaching of mathematics and theories of pupils' cognitive process. It further defines the term 'table' and looks at work with it within FRAUS mathematics textbooks using the Hejný Method. Key here are tasks using the Hundred Table environment, which are further described according to type. The objectives of tasks using this environment are also stated. The theoretical section also gives a description of how Hundred Tables appear in various textbooks, materials and other mathematical situations. The experimental section describes three experiments which I undertook to find an appropriate method for implementing Hundred Tables within teaching. I created a number of new tasks for these experiments and investigated what methods pupils used to solve these tasks. KEY WORDS Hundred Table environment, motivation, pupils' cognitive process, table, task solving methods, mathematics textbooks for Primary School, ways of Hundred Tables, sum of centrally symmetric figures, rectangles in Hundred Tables

The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts from 1337 to 1453 waged between the House of Plantagenet of England and the House of Valois of France. This thesis will analyze the affect that the Hundred Years War had on the societies of both England and France, and in doing so will show that the war was a catalyst for bringing England and France out of what is recognized as the Middle Ages and into the Renaissance and Early Modern Period. The thesis will do this by looking at three sections of English and French society: the royalty and nobility who commanded and who arguably started the war, the soldiers and mercenary companies who fought the war, and the non-combatants who either contributed to the war or were affected by it in positive or negative ways. The evolution in the power and role of the monarchs will be analyzed, while the nobility will be analyzed in their capacity as the leaders during the war and how their station in society was affected by the war. Analysis of those that served and fought in the war are of equal importance, as the Hundred Years War saw the rise of paid professional armies comprised mostly of the peasantry. Mercenary companies will also be looked at, especially in France where they contributed much to pillaging and acts of violence against the people. While the experiences of the combatants are important to understanding the history of the war, the experiences of those that did not directly engage in the war is important to understanding how the war affected society as a whole. Those peasants whose farms were destroyed by raiding armies, mercenaries, or bandits suffered greatly because of the war. Yet some, such as merchants, profited from the war and became greatly enriched. The church and its role in attempting to mediate and bring peace, while others of the cloth served as outlets of propaganda in support of their kingdom, will also be looked at in this thesis.

No description available.