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Yes / Cognitive ability is used in numerous everyday situations (for example, in the classroom, workplace and home) and can be measured using cognitive tests designed to target specific cognitive domains. Cognition can be influenced by external factors (for example, age, education, caffeine intake and time of day) which if not controlled for or noted could influence performance. Prior food intake has not received a direct focus in the cognition literature, and therefore, this study aims to investigate the time elapsed since the last food item was consumed as a factor which may affect cognitive performance. Fifty-two healthy adults with no reported cognitive impairment or diagnosis of any eating or metabolic disorder took part in the study. Participants completed a self-rated hunger scale and stated the time that they last consumed a food item. The time of day that the assessments were completed was also noted. All participants completed a brief cognitive battery consisting of a semantic recall assessment, digit span and parts A and B of the Trail Making Test. Results revealed a significant main effect of minutes since the last food item was consumed on semantic recall and both Trails A and B whereby performance was significantly worse as the time since the last food item was consumed increased. These results suggest that information about when the participant consumed food prior to assessment should be gathered to check for any such effects. This could have implications for cognitive performance in educational settings and clinical environments, where scores often determine academic progression and further interventions.

Objective: To investigate differences in dietary intake variables and anthropometric measurements in healthy young adult women of healthy body mass index (BMI) with high and low scores of cognitive eating restraint (CER), disinhibition (DI), and hunger. Design: Cross-sectional study in which the Eating Inventory was completed along with the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements using standard procedures and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively. Participants: 65 healthy young adult women. Setting: This research was conducted in the Bone Laboratory on the campus of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Statistical analyses: Independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficient analyses, and general linear regression models. Results: Women with high CER scores (n=32; mean±SD CER score=13.1±2.4) consumed more fruits per day (2.4±0.9 svg/d) compared to women with low CER scores (n=33; CER score=4.5±3.0; fruits=1.8±1.1 svg/d; p<0.05). Women with high hunger scores (n=35; hunger score=7.5±2.2) consumed less fruits per day (1.8±0.9 svg/d) compared to women with low hunger scores (n=30; hunger score=3.0±1.1; fruits=2.4±1.1 svg/d; p<0.05). Women with high compared to low CER scores had higher body weight (p<0.05), BMI (p<0.05), fat mass (p<0.05), and body fat percentage (p<0.05), while women with high (n=31; DI score=7.6±2.5) compared to low (n=34; DI score=2.9±1.0) DI scores were taller (p<0.05). Hunger predicted estimated daily dietary intakes of total energy (p<0.05), protein (p<0.01), and fat (p<0.01), while CER (p<0.05) and DI (p<0.05) predicted estimated daily dietary fruit intake. Conclusion: In healthy young adult women, eating characteristics can distinguish between some dietary intake patterns and anthropometric measurements. Hunger is a predictor of estimated energy, protein, and fat intake in these women. / Master of Science

published_or_final_version / Community Medicine / Master / Master of Public Health

No description available.

This study addresses the overarching topic of food insecurity by giving voice to individuals who are dedicating their careers toward combating child food insecurity throughout their communities. Voices are uplifted through the representation of narratives by volunteer coordinators overseeing child feeding programs, which have been established throughout Kentucky as an effort to help alleviate child hunger. This study is guided by London’s theory on career motivation, with the outcomes of this study serving as a pilot for future research centered around individuals working to combat child food insecurity. The narratives collected from this study will be used as a resource for generating public conversation, spreading awareness, and to “tell the story” in regards to child hunger across Kentucky.

Desire to eat, hunger, feeling of having enough to eat, and fullness were measured in 11 eating disorder patients in treatment for less than two months, 7 eating disorder patients in treatment for more than two months, and 11 controls. The experimental group was female patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, or eating disorder not-otherwise-specified. The experimental and control groups ate a test meal two hours after a preload. The groups answered four questions about desire to eat, hunger, feeling of having enough to eat, and fullness, before they ate, halfway through their meal, immediately upon finishing the meal, and 15 minutes after finishing their meal. The groups were required to eat 100% of the meal provided. The difference in data between the experimental and control groups was not statistically significant. The experimental group that had been in treatment longer than two months had means closer to the control group than the other experimental group who had been in treatment less than two months. This may suggest that the experimental group who had been in treatment more than two months was starting to regain a more normal sense of hunger and satiety. However, a repeat study with a larger sample size would be needed to prove that statement.

As a cornerstone of American identity, the American Dream serves as a hegemonic ideology rooted in myth. This myth centers on an ardent belief in equity despite the existence of systemic racial and economic exclusions, which includes inconsistent access to healthy food resulting in the hunger-obesity paradox. Because fast food plays a leading role in generating this paradox where an individual can be both hungry and obese, this thesis analyzes the 2015 Kentucky Fried Chicken advertising campaign to identify how the campaign perpetuates Dream discourse and understand how that discourse contributes to the hunger-obesity paradox. With the Colonel anchored at the heart of this campaign, the analysis found that he embodies the Dream and acts as a megaphone for Dream discourse. And ultimately, because Dream discourse overlooks and even admonishes low-income people and people of color, the people who most often face hunger and obesity, it contributes to the paradox.

Contemplando um recorte temporal de dezessete anos (1937/1954), o trabalho apresentado insere-se na área de história do pensamento geográfico. Está centrado na tese que o médico e geógrafo pernambucano Josué de Castro foi introdutor da \'geografia da fome\' na história do pensamento geográfico no Brasil no interstício assinalado. Utilizando e concebendo o método geográfico como o único que permitia analisar a fome em toda a sua complexidade, sem dissociá-la das texturas do processo social subjacente a sua criação, o autor elucidou e denunciou esse espectro que assolava aproximadamente dois terços da humanidade do seu tempo. Nesse contexto, a sua obra seminal Geografia da Fome, publicada e 1946, constituiu-se num marco; primeiro, por introduzir um tema inédito dentro da Geografia no país, significativamente influenciada pela Escola Francesa e estudando os gêneros de vida, naturalmente voltava-se a análise da alimentação, sem entrementes fazer referência a fome; segundo, por provar que a fome consistia numa expressão biológica dos malefícios sociais especialmente nas periferias do capitalismo; e terceiro, em face a essa leitura, pelas possibilidades acenadas à análise do social na Geografia. Destarte, assume relevância e apresenta-se como uma expressiva referência da Geografia no Brasil e um imperativo no estudo da fome como tema passível de investigação pela mesma. / Contemplating a period of seventeen years (1937/1954), the work presented inserts itself in the area of history of the geographical thought. It is centered in the theory that the doctor and geographer from Pernambuco Josué de Castro was introdutor of the \'geography of the hunger\' in the history of the geographical thought in Brazil in the designated time. Using and conceiving the geographical approach as the only one that allowed to analyze the hunger in all its complexity, without dissociating it from the textures of the underlying social process of its creation, the author explained and denounced that spectrum that devastated approximately two thirds of the humanity of his time. In that context, his seminal work Geografia da Fome, published in 1946, was very important; first, by introducing an unpublished subject inside the country´s Geography that was significantly influenced by the French School that studied the ways of life, naturally concentrating itself in the analysis of the food, without reference to the hunger; second, by proving that the hunger consisted of a biological expression of the social problems specially in the edges of the capitalism; and third, according to that reading, by openning to the Geography the possibility to analyse social matters. Therefore, it shows relevance and presents-itself as an expressive reference of the Geography in Brazil and imperative to the study of the hunger as a subject possible to be researched by it.