<p>This project was held at London South Bank University in the UK, with corporation with staff from Linköping University in Sweden as Bachelor thesis.</p><p>This report will guide you through the used techniques in order to achieve a successful cooler/Fan project with a minimum budget and good energy saving methods.</p><p>The steps of setting the used software and components are supported with figures and diagrams. You will find full explanation of the used components and mathematics, in additional to a complete working code.</p>

Le bassin versant de la Sebkha d'Oran , allongé du Nord-Est au Sud-Ouest ,forme un bassin sédimentaire sublittoral ; bordé au Nord par les massifs littoraux (Murdjadjo) et au Sud par les monts Tessalas. L'étude hydro climatologique confirme un climat de type seml aride. Les données de la pluviométrie, de l'évapotranspiration et du ruissellement, ont permis l'établissement d'un bilan hydrologique. La structure géologique détermine deux grands ensembles: - un substratum ante-synchro-nappe affleurant dans Ies zones hautes. - un remplissage néogène dans le bassin. Les calcaires messiniens constituent le meilleur réservoir hydrogéologique de la région. La corrélation des forages nous a permis de confirmer l'absence de leur continuité sous la sebkha. Dans la plaine de Mleta ceci a été confirmé par des sondages électriques. L'étude piézométrique de la nappe alluviale révèle une importante sédimentation par les calcaires messiniens au Nord de la sebkha et une alimentation par les cônes de déjection des oueds dans la Mleta.L'écoulement de la nappe se fait globalement en direction de la sebkha. L' interprétation des résultats des essais de pompage a permis de déterminer partiellement les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques de certains aquifères. L'étude physico-chimique des eaux de la nappe entre Oran et Boutlelis permet une bonne distinction entre les eaux peu minéralisées, à faciès bicarbonaté calcique ou magnesien des calcaires et les eaux très minéralisées, à faciès chloruré soidique des alluvions . L'étude des sources indique la forte in fluence des évaporites dans les Tessalas. Les analyses de teneur en Tritium des eaux de certaines sources nous ont renseigné sur leur mode de circulation. Les mécanismes contrôlant la salinisation du bassin versant ont été détaillés; il en ressort que la sebkha n'est pas à l'origine de cette salinisation mais en serait plutôt la conséquence.

This project was held at London South Bank University in the UK, with corporation with staff from Linköping University in Sweden as Bachelor thesis. This report will guide you through the used techniques in order to achieve a successful cooler/Fan project with a minimum budget and good energy saving methods. The steps of setting the used software and components are supported with figures and diagrams. You will find full explanation of the used components and mathematics, in additional to a complete working code.

Eclipse是目前最被普遍使用的開發環境與工具整合平台。已經有很多的軟體工具被建置或整合至其中；並且有越來越多的工具開發者嘗試將他們的工具以所謂外掛程式的方式整合至此平台。但是，由於Eclipse是一套新式且複雜的平台，大多數工具開發者並不知如何將其工具封裝為Eclipse外掛程式，而且學習Eclipse外掛程式開發也需冗長過程。基於此種因素，我們構想出一套可外掛軟體(Pluggable Software)的規範，對一般命令列工具的輸入、執行和輸出等部份提出限制條件。只要工具開發者建構的工具程式符合可外掛軟體的規範，就能利用我們提供的輔助工具，幫助工具開發者迅速將其工具整合到Eclipse平台。 / Eclipse is a development environment and tool integration platform which is currently widely used. There has been many software tools built in the form of plug-ins and integrated into this platform, and more and more tool developers are trying to integrate their tools into this platform. But, since Eclipse is a relatively new and complicated system, most tool developers do not know how to develop Eclipse plug-ins, and it is a steep learning curve to get familiar with Eclipse plug-in development. Therefore, we propose the definition of pluggable softwares, which are general command line tools but must satisfy special restrictions imposed on their input, execution and output for ease of integration. As long as the tool developer can build a tool conforming to our definition, the aiding tool we provide can help the developer rapidly integrate his tool into the platform.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:03:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaFC_DISSERT.pdf: 1219461 bytes, checksum: 86df41deecc523bb278b7a9bc3b86ec9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In recent years the heparin has been the subject of several studies that aim to expand its use as a therapeutic agent, due to its ability to modulate the activity of various proteins that play important roles in the regulation of pathophysiological processes. In several experiments and preclinical trials, heparin has demonstrated an anti-inflammatory role. However, its clinical use is limited, due to its strong anticoagulant activity and hemorrhagic complications. For this reason, considerable efforts have been employed in discovery of heparin analogous (heparinoid) with reduced side effects, that retain the anti-inflammatory properties of heparin. In this context, a heparinoid obtained from the head of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp, which presents a structural similarity to heparin, showed, in previous studies, anti-inflammatory activity in a model of acute peritonitis with reduced anticoagulant effect in vitro and low hemorrhagic activity. Thus, the present work had as objective to evaluate the effect the heparinoid of the cephalothorax of gray shrimp on the acute inflammatory response in different times (3 or 6 hours after the induction of inflammatory stimulus), using the model of acute peritonitis induced in mice. It was also analyzed the HL effect over the activity of elastase, an enzyme involved in leukocyte recruitment. Furthermore to check if the different doses of heparin and heparinoid change the hemostatic balance in vivo, was assessed the effect of these compounds on the plasma clotting time in animals submitted to inflammation. The results show that in 3 hours, all doses of heparinoid were able to prevent efficiently in the acute inflammatory process without any anticoagulant effects, unlike the extrapolation dose of heparin, which has induced a large hemorrhage due its high anticoagulant activity. However, 6 hours after induction of inflammation, only the dosages of 0.1 and 1.0 &#956;g/Kg of heparin and 1.0 &#956;g/Kg of heparinoid kept anti-migratory effect, without changing of the hemostatic balance. These results indicate that the anti-migratory effect of theses compounds depends on the dosage and time of inflammatory stimulus. The HL and heparin were also able to inhibit the activity of the enzyme elastase. The discovery of this bioactive compound in the cephalothorax of shrimps can arouse great interest in biotechnology, since this compound could be useful as a structural model interesting for the development of new therapeutic agents for peritonitis / Nos ?ltimos anos a heparina tem sido alvo de diversos estudos que visam ampliar seu uso como agente terap?utico, devido ? sua habilidade de modular a atividade de v?rias prote?nas que desempenham pap?is importantes na regula??o de processos fisiopatol?gicos. Em diversos experimentos e ensaios pr?-cl?nicos, a heparina tem demonstrado papel anti-inflamat?rio. Entretanto, seu uso cl?nico ? limitado, devido ? sua forte atividade anticoagulante e complica??es hemorr?gicas. Por essa raz?o, consider?vel esfor?o tem sido empregado na descoberta de an?logos da heparina (heparin?ide) com reduzidos efeitos colaterais, que retenham as propriedades anti-inflamat?rias da heparina. Nesse contexto, um heparin?ide (HL) obtido da cabe?a do camar?o Litopenaeus vannamei, de semelhan?a estrutural ? heparina, apresentou em estudos pr?vios atividade anti-inflamat?ria em modelo de peritonite aguda, com reduzido efeito anticoagulante in vitro e baixa atividade hemorr?gica. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito deste heparin?ide sobre a resposta inflamat?ria aguda em diferentes tempos (3 ou 6 horas ap?s a indu??o do est?mulo inflamat?rio), utilizando o modelo de peritonite aguda induzida em camundongos. Foi analisado tamb?m o efeito do HL sobre a atividade da elastase, uma enzima envolvida no recrutamento de leuc?citos. Al?m disso, para verificar se as diferentes doses do heparin?ide e da heparina alteram o equil?brio hemost?tico in vivo, foi avaliado o efeito desses compostos sobre o tempo de coagula??o do plasma nos animais submetidos ? inflama??o. Os resultados revelam que em 3 horas, todas as doses do heparin?ide foram capazes de interferir de forma eficiente no processo inflamat?rio agudo sem apresentar efeito anticoagulante e interfer?ncia no equil?brio hemost?tico, ao contr?rio da dose de extrapola??o da heparina que induziu forte hemorragia, al?m de apresentar alta atividade anticoagulante. Entretanto, no tempo de 6 horas ap?s a indu??o da inflama??o, apenas as doses de 0,1 e 1,0 &#956;g/Kg da heparina e 1,0 &#956;g/Kg do heparin?ide mantiveram o efeito antimigrat?rio, sem alterar o equil?brio hemost?tico. Esses resultados indicam que o efeito antimigrat?rio depende do tempo e da dose administrada. O HL e a heparina tamb?m foram capazes de inibir a atividade da enzima elastase. A descoberta desse composto bioativo no cefalot?rax do camar?o poder? despertar grande interesse biotecnol?gico, pois este composto poderia servir como um modelo estrutural interessante para o desenvolvimento de novos agentes terap?uticos espec?ficos para a peritonite

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EricaAG_DISSERT.pdf: 1548086 bytes, checksum: c8d01670d1a770711f3300b93e502612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of hematologic malignancies that result from partial or total transformation of the blast cells. The Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood, especially in male, Caucasian children younger than 14 years. Several criteria are adopted to classify ALL, including the cell morphology, cytochemistry, immunophenotyping and cytogenetic analysis. Cytogenetic studies allow a more detailed analysis to detect chromosomal abnormalities of leukemic cells. These modifications will determine the diagnosis, classification, stage characterization, remission assessment and prognosis. In this study were evaluated 30 patients, aged from four months to seventeen years, of both sexes and various ethnicities. The age distribution showed that 67% of patients had between one and ten years (with mean age of XX years old), the most prevalent ethnic was Caucasian (50%) and 57% were males. According to immunophenotype, 93% of patients had B-cells progenitor ALL and 7% early lineage T. Considering the total studied population, the most frequent medical findings were lymphadenopathy (37%), hepatomegaly (77%) and splenomegaly (70%), where one patient could present more than one of these medical findings. Regarding the CBC, the majority of patients had hemoglobin below 10 g / dl (73%), leukocyte count less than 10.000/&#956;L (60%) and platelet count below 150.000/&#956;L (83%). Chromosomal abnormalities were observed in 64% of all patients, where hyperdiploidy was the most common numerical change (67%), followed by hypodiploid (33%). All these data are in agreement with the literature. Moreover, complexes structural and/or number changes not yet described in literature were observed, which indicated poor prognosis. Finally, we concluded that this study demonstrated the importance of cytogenetic study in the diagnosis and identification of prognostic factors in pediatric patients with ALL in Rio Grande do Norte. The results obtained in this study are extremely useful and emphasizes that surveys of this nature must be conducted more frequently in our state / As leucemias s?o grupos heterog?neos de neoplasias hematol?gicas, que resultam da transforma??o total ou parcial das c?lulas bl?sticas. A Leucemia Linf?ide Aguda (LLA) ? a neoplasia mais comum na inf?ncia, principalmente na popula??o masculina caucasiana menor de 14 anos. V?rios crit?rios podem ser adotados para classificar LLA, dentre eles a morfologia celular, a citoqu?mica, a imunofenotipagem e o estudo citogen?tico. A citogen?tica permite uma an?lise mais detalhada o que possibilita detectar as altera??es cromoss?micas das c?lulas leuc?micas. Estas altera??es ir?o auxiliar no diagn?stico, na classifica??o, na caracteriza??o de diferentes est?gios, na avalia??o da remiss?o e no progn?stico dessas neoplasias. Foram avaliados neste estudo 30 pacientes com idade variando de quatro meses a dezessete anos, de ambos os sexos e de v?rias etnias. A faixa et?ria predominante neste estudo foi de pacientes entre um e dez anos (67%) com m?dia de idade de 7 anos e meio, de etnia caucasiana (50%) e sexo masculino (57%). De acordo com a imunofenotipagem 93% dos pacientes apresentaram LLA de linhagem B precoce e 7% de linhagem T. Considerando a popula??o total estudada, os achados cl?nicos mais freq?entes foram linfoadenopatia (37%), hepatomegalia (77%) e esplenomegalia (70%), podendo, em muitos casos um paciente apresentar mais de um desses achados. Em rela??o ao hemograma, a maioria dos pacientes apresentou hemoglobina abaixo de 10 g/dl (73%), contagem de leuc?citos inferior a 10.000/&#956;L (60%) e contagem de plaquetas abaixo de 150.000/&#956;L (83%). As anormalidades cromoss?micas foram observadas em 64%, dessas a hiperdiploidia foi ? altera??o num?rica mais comum (67%), seguida pela hipodiploidia com 33%. Todos esses dados corroboram com os relatos da literatura. Adicionalmente, foram observadas altera??es estruturais e/ou num?ricas complexas ainda n?o descritas na literatura, as quais indicaram progn?stico desfavor?vel. Conclui-se que a partir deste trabalho foi poss?vel demonstrar a import?ncia do estudo citogen?tico no diagn?stico e na identifica??o de fatores progn?sticos nos pacientes pedi?tricos com LLA do Rio Grande do Norte. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo s?o de extrema import?ncia e ressaltam que pesquisas desta natureza devem ser realizadas com maior freq??ncia em nosso Estado

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-04T19:56:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaLucianaAraujoDaCunha_TESE.pdf: 62271689 bytes, checksum: f3e505d6758068c74606405cf05b2b9c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-05T19:52:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaLucianaAraujoDaCunha_TESE.pdf: 62271689 bytes, checksum: f3e505d6758068c74606405cf05b2b9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-05T19:52:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndreaLucianaAraujoDaCunha_TESE.pdf: 62271689 bytes, checksum: f3e505d6758068c74606405cf05b2b9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / Despite the advances in the cure rate for acute myeloid leukemia, a considerable number of patients die from their disease due to the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR). Overexpression of the transporter proteins P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) confer resistance to the treatment these leukemias. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the expression of the Gpp and MRP1 in patients with AML by flow cytometry (FC) and to determine the correlation between expression and demographic and also clinical and laboratorial variables. METHODS: Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 346 patients with a diagnosis of AML were assessed for the expression of Pgp and MRP1 by FC. RESULTS: The expression of Pgp and MRP1 was found in 111 (32.1%) and 133 (38.4%) patients, respectively, with greater prevalence in older patients and lower in adolescents, observing also a high incidence in patients with refractory disease, recurrence and secondary in comparison with the cases of de novo AML. Regarding the laboratory findings, we observed a higher correlation statistically significant between the expression of Pgp and MRP1 in AML CD34+ and FAB AML M7, M5A and M2 and lower the M3 subtype, not observed statistically significant correlation between the phenotype MDR and other laboratory data such with hemoglobin, leukocyte count, platelet count, aberrant expression of lymphoid antigens (CD2, CD7 and CD19) and clinical signs related to the disease. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed that the detection of MDR phenotype by flow cytometry can be a molecular marker for prognosis independent patients diagnosed with AML.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BetaniaFR.pdf: 636142 bytes, checksum: 6061eebe55028f4725bba3031ee70b7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor are odontogenic tumors arising from the odontogenic epithelium with distinct clinical behavior. In attempt to comprehend the interaction between the odontogenic tumor cells and the extracellular matrix, the present work evaluated and compared the immunohistochemical expression of the matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), -2 (MMP-2) and -9 (MMP-9) in 20 cases of ameloblastoma and 10 adenomatoid odontogenic tumor. MMP-1 exhibited exuberant expression in the parenchyma and in the stroma of both studied tumors, while the MMP-2 showed varied expression with about of 80% and 60% of the neoplastic cells exhibiting positivity in the ameloblastoma and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, respectively. With relation to the MMP-2 expression by the mesenchymal cells, it was observed that 65% of the ameloblastoma and 80% of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor were positive. The immunoreactivity of MMP-9 was detected in all studied cases, although its expression had occurred predominantely in less than 50% of the parenchyma cells of the ameloblastoma, while in about of 60% of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor more than 50% of cells were positive. The mesenchymal cells were positive to MMP-9 in 65% of the ameloblastoma and in 80% of the adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, respectively. Statistically significant difference was observed to the MMP-1 expression with relation to MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the ameloblastoma (p < 0.001). It was not possible to perform statistical analysis to the cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, however there was a tendency toward a differential expression of the MMP-1 with relation to other studied MMPs. These results suggest that MMP-1, - 2 and -9 are implicated in the growth and progression of both tumors analyzed as well as the more pronounced participation of the stroma in the ameloblastoma could together to be related to the higher clinical aggressiveness / O ameloblastoma e o tumor odontog?nico adenomat?ide s?o tumores odontog?nicos derivados do epit?lio odontog?nico que possuem comportamentos distintos. Na tentativa de compreender a intera??o existente entre as c?lulas tumorais e a matriz extracelular, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar e comparar a express?o das metaloproteinases-1 (MMP-1), -2 (MMP-2) e -9 (MMP-9), atrav?s da t?cnica imuno-histoqu?mica em 20 casos de ameloblastoma e 10 de tumor odontog?nico adenomat?ide. A MMP-1 teve uma marca??o predominante nos dois tumores, sendo observada tanto no par?nquima como no estroma de todos os tumores estudados. Para a MMP-2, observou-se uma express?o variada, sendo 80% e 60% das c?lulas tumorais imunorreativas nos ameloblastomas e tumores odontog?nicos adenomat?ides, respectivamente. Em rela??o ?s c?lulas do mes?nquima, 65% dos ameloblastomas e 80% tumores odontog?nicos adenomat?ides exibiram positividade. Verificou-se imunoexpress?o para a MMP-9 nas c?lulas parenquimatosas e estromais em todos os casos, sendo que nos ameloblastomas, houve o predom?nio de menos de 50% das c?lulas imunomarcadas; enquanto que em 60% dos tumores odontog?nicos adenomat?ides mais de 50% das c?lulas apresentaram positividade. Observou-se diferen?a estatisticamente significante na express?o da MMP-1 em rela??o ? MMP-2 e -9 nos ameloblastomas (p<0,001). A an?lise estat?stica n?o p?de ser aplicada para os tumores odontog?nicos adenomat?ides, por?m verificou-se tend?ncia de maior express?o da MMP-1 em rela??o ?s outras MMPs avaliadas. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que as MMPs-1, -2 e -9 est?o relacionadas com crescimento e progress?o dos tumores analisados e, particularmente no ameloblastoma, sua maior agressividade pode resultar, em parte, pela participa??o tamb?m do estroma presente de forma bem mais marcante permeando o par?nquima tumoral e sendo fonte tamb?m das proteases estudadas

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RuthLFX.pdf: 2397744 bytes, checksum: 8d25a9f2aa705aa972d7a1d4de2b1b29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The purpose of this study was to assess the immunohistochemical expression of CD105 and FvW antibodies in the angiogenesis of oral epidermoid carcinoma (OEC), correlating it with the TNM clinical staging system, seeking a better understanding of its biological behavior and use as an indicator of prognosis.The sample consisted of 30 epidermoid carcinoma (EC) cases, 10 of the floor of the mouth, 10 of the retromolar region and 10 of the tongue, in addition to 10 cases of pyogenic granuloma, which made up the control group. The results showed that mean microvessel counts (MVC) were correspondingly higher in the pyogenic granuloma group (CD105 = 57.26 vessels and FvW = 39.64) than in the EC group (CD105 = 10.09 and FvW = 12.20) and that the differences were statistically significant between the groups for each of the angiogenic biomarkers (p = 0.002 for CD105 and p< 0.001 for FvW). CD105 had better positivity in the pyogenic granuloma group (mean = 57.26 vessels) and for EC, FvW had the highest expression (mean = 12.20 vessels). With respect to EC, the most affected age group was between 51 and 70 years (n = 14; 46.7%), with a representative MVC for both markers. No statistically significant difference was found between the sexes for any of the markers (p = 0.967 for CD105 and p = 0.744 for FvW). Mean CD105 levels were much higher in patients with stage T3 and T4 (17.13) and lower in those with stage N+ (6.36). Mean FvW levels were higher in the patients with stage T1 and T2 (12.23) and lower in patients with T3 and T4 (12.10), but without a statistically significant difference. In regard to anatomic location, a statistically significant difference was observed between FvW sites, with a statistically significant difference between floor of the mouth cases and those located in the retromolar region (p =0.013). Therefore, this study suggests that CD105 expression in OEC angiogenesis, in contrast to other types of malignant neoplasias, may not be correlated with prognosis and tumor aggressiveness, whereas FvW was a more effective antibody for staining this lesion / Nesta pesquisa buscou-se avaliar a express?o imunoistoqu?mica dos anticorpos CD105 e FvW na angiog?nese do Carcinoma Epiderm?ide Oral (CEO), correlacionando-o com o estadiamento cl?nico pelo sistema TNM, visando uma melhor compreens?o do seu comportamento biol?gico e utiliza??o como indicador de progn?stico. A amostra foi composta por 30 casos de CE, sendo 10 de assoalho bucal, 10 da regi?o retromolar e 10 de l?ngua, al?m de 10 casos de granuloma piog?nico, integrantes do grupo controle. Os resultados desta pesquisa mostraram que as m?dias da MVC foram correspondentemente mais elevadas no grupo do granuloma piog?nico (CD105 = 57,26 vasos e FvW = 39,64) do que no grupo do CE (CD105 = 10,09 e FvW = 12,20) e as diferen?as se revelaram estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos para cada um dos biomarcadores angiog?nicos (p=0,002 para o CD105 e p<0,001 para o FvW ). O CD105 se mostrou com melhor positividade no granuloma piog?nico (m?dia = 57,26 vasos) e, para o CE, o FvW foi o que apresentou maior marca??o (m?dia = 12,20 vasos). Com rela??o ao CE, a faixa et?ria mais acometida foi entre 51 e 70 anos (n=14; 46,7%), apresentando uma MVC representativa para ambos os marcadores. N?o se comprovou diferen?a estatisticamente significante entre os sexos para nenhum dos marcadores (p=0,967 para o CD105 e p=0,744 para o FvW). A m?dia do CD105 foi bem mais elevada entre os pacientes com estadiamento T3 e T4 (17,13) e menos elevada entre os pacientes com estadiamento N+ (6,36). Quando se avaliou o FvW, a m?dia foi mais elevada no grupo dos pacientes com T1 e T2 (12,23), sendo mais baixa nos pacientes com T3 e T4 (12,10), por?m sem diferen?a estatisticamente significante. Em rela??o ? localiza??o anat?mica, comprovou-se diferen?a estatisticamente significante entre as localiza??es assoalho bucal e retromolar (p=0,013) para o marcador FvW. Portanto, este estudo sugere que a marca??o do CD105 na angiog?nese do CEO, ao contr?rio de outros tipos de neoplasias malignas, pode n?o estar correlacionada com o progn?stico e agressividade do tumor, enquanto que o FvW se mostrou um anticorpo mais efetivo na marca??o desta les?o

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:32:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ClarissaFD_DISSERT.pdf: 1047575 bytes, checksum: 1162ac27915144b24bb631aefd3e421b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The Epidermoid Carcinoma (EC) is the most common lesions located in the region of the head and neck and, despite advances in treatment modalities, the prognosis is still poor. The malignant cells show an increase in glucose uptake, process mediated by glucose transporters (GLUTs). Increased expression of GLUT 1 and GLUT 3 is related to the aggressive behavior of this lesion. The aim of this study was to evaluate, through immunohistochemistry, the expression of GLUTs 1 and 3 in EC of the lower lip. The sample consisted of 40 cases of EC of the lower lip, of which 20 had regional lymph node metastasis and the remaining 20 with absence of metastasis. The percentages of immunostained cells in front of tumor invasion and in the center of tumor were evaluated. These results were related to the presence and absence of lymph node metastasis, TNM classification and histological grading. The percentage of cytoplasmic/membranous expression of GLUT 1 ranged from 77.35% to 100%, while for GLUT 3 this value ranged from 0.79% to 100%. As for nuclear staining for GLUT 1, this percentage ranged from 0 to 0.42%, however. GLUT 3 showed only one case with nuclear staining. Despite the significant expression of tumor cells related to the proteins studied, we observed no statistically significant relationship between the variables and the antibodies analyzed, regardless of the region evaluated. However, there was a moderate positive correlation between cytoplasmic/membranous immunoexpressions of GLUT 1 in invasion front and in the tumor center (r = 0.679, p <0.001). Similarly, moderate positive correlation was found between the nuclear immunoexpressions of GLUT 1 in the invasion front and in the tumor center (r = 0.547, p <0.001). For GLUT 3, was also observed a moderate statistically significant positive correlation between cytoplasmic/membranous expression in tumor invasion front and in tumor center (r = 0.589, p <0.001). We also observed that the immunoreactivity for GLUT 1 was higher than GLUT 3 expression in invasion front (p <0.001) and tumor center (p <0.001). From these results, this study suggests that tumor hypoxia is a remarkable characteristic of the EC of the lower lip and GLUT 1 may be primarily responsible for glucose uptake into the interior of the malignant cells / O Carcinoma epiderm?ide (CE) est? entre as les?es mais comuns localizadas na regi?o de cabe?a e pesco?o e apesar dos avan?os nas modalidades de tratamento, o progn?stico ainda ? pobre. As c?lulas malignas apresentam um aumento na absor??o de glicose, processo esse mediado pelos transportadores de glicose (GLUTs). O aumento da express?o de GLUT 1 e GLUT 3 encontra-se relacionado com o comportamento agressivo dessa les?o. O objetivo desse estudo consistiu em avaliar, atrav?s de estudo imuno-histoqu?mico, a express?o dos GLUTs 1 e 3 em CE de l?bio inferior. A amostra foi composta por 40 casos de CE de l?bio inferior, dos quais 20 apresentavam met?stase linfonodal regional e os 20 restantes com aus?ncia de met?stase. Foram avaliados os percentuais de c?lulas imunomarcadas no front de invas?o e no centro do tumor, esses resultados foram relacionados com a presen?a e aus?ncia de met?stase linfonodal, estadiamento cl?nico TNM e grada??o histol?gica. O percentual de marca??o citoplasm?tica/membranar para GLUT 1 variou de 77,35% a 100%, j? para GLUT 3 esse valor variou de 0,79% a 100%. Quanto ? marca??o nuclear para GLUT 1, este percentual variou de 0 a 0,42%, no entanto, GLUT 3 apresentou apenas um caso com marca??o nuclear. Apesar da expressiva marca??o das c?lulas tumorais frente aos marcadores estudados, n?o foi poss?vel observar rela??o estatisticamente significativa entre as vari?veis estudadas e os marcadores analisados, independente da regi?o avaliada. Contudo, foi observada moderada correla??o positiva estatisticamente significativa entre as imunoexpress?es citoplasm?tica/membranar de GLUT 1 no front de invas?o e no centro do tumor (r=0,679; p<0,001). De forma similar, foi constatada moderada correla??o positiva entre as imunoexpress?es nucleares de GLUT 1 no front de invas?o e no centro tumoral(r=0,547; p<0,001). Para GLUT 3, tamb?m foi observada moderada correla??o positiva entre as imunoexpress?es membranar/ citoplasm?tica dessa prote?na no front de invas?o e no centro tumoral (r=0,589; p<0,001). Foi observado, ainda, que a imunoexpress?o de GLUT 1 em rela??o a GLUT 3 foi maior tanto no front de invas?o (p < 0,001) como no centro do tumor (p<0,001). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que a hip?xia tumoral ? uma caracter?stica marcante no CE de l?bio inferior e GLUT 1 pode ser o principal respons?vel pela capta??o de glicose para o interior das c?lulas malignas