Essay #1 – Factors influencing the risk of falls in the construction industry: a review of the evidence Falls are a significant public health risk and a leading cause of nonfatal and fatal injuries among construction workers worldwide. A more comprehensive understanding of casual factors leading to fall incidents is essential to prevent falls in the construction industry. However, an extensive overview of causal factors is missing from the literature. In this paper, 536 articles on factors contributing to the risk of falls were retrieved. One hundred twenty-one (121) studies met the criteria for relevance and quality to be coded, and were synthesized to provide an overview. In lieu of the homogeneity needed across studies to conduct a structured meta-analysis, a literature synthesis method based on macro-variables was advanced. This method provides a flexible approach to aggregating previous findings and assessing agreement across those studies. Factors commonly associated with falls included working surfaces and platforms, workers’ safety behaviors and attitudes, and construction structure and facilities. Significant differences across qualitative and quantitative studies were found in terms of focus, and areas with limited agreement in previous research were identified. Findings contribute to research on the causes of falls in construction, developing engineering controls, informing policy and intervention design to reduce the risk of falls, and improving research synthesis methods. Essay #2 – Review of quantitative studies of interventions for responding to infectious disease outbreaks We reviewed the modeling and retrospective literature on responding to outbreaks of infectious diseases in humans and animals. Unlike routine immunization and control efforts, outbreak response activities require rapid reactive actions to address an urgent or emergent situation. We focused our review on characterizing the types of diseases analyzed, the interventions used, and the models employed. Out of the 211 studies identified, we find that the majority focus on a few diseases (influenza, foot and mouth disease, smallpox, measles, and hepatitis). We identified 34 distinct interventions explored in these studies that fall under the general categories of vaccination, prophylaxis, quarantine/isolation, contact restriction, exposure reduction, killing/slaughtering, and surveillance. A large number of studies (141) use simulation/analytical models to analyze outbreak response strategies. We identify key factors contributing to the effectiveness of different interventions that target high-risk individuals, trace infected contacts, or use a ring to delineate geographical boundaries for an intervention. Essay #3 – Development of an individual-based model for polioviruses: implications of the selection of network type and outcome metrics We developed an individual-based (IB) model to explore the stochastic attributes of state transitions, the heterogeneity of the individual interactions, and the impact of different network structure choices on the poliovirus transmission process in the context of understanding the dynamics of outbreaks. We used a previously published differential equation-based model to develop the IB model and inputs. To explore the impact of different types of networks, we implemented a total of 26 variations of six different network structures in the IB model. We found that the choice of network structure plays a critical role in the model estimates of cases and the dynamics of outbreaks. This study provides insights about the potential use of an IB model to support policy analyses related to managing the risks of polioviruses and shows the importance of assumptions about network structure. / Ph. D.

Background: Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a severe congenital bleeding disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy and decreased platelet adhesion. BSS results from genetic alterations of the glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex. Methods: We report on a patient demonstrating typical BSS phenotype (thrombocytopenia with giant platelets, bleeding symptoms). However, BSS was not diagnosed until he reached the age of 39 years. Results: Flow cytometry of the patient’s platelets revealed absence of GPIb/IX/V receptor surface expression. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of patient’s platelets demonstrated very faint staining of GPIX. A novel homozygous deletion comprising 11 nucleotides starting at position 1644 of the GPIX gene was identified using molecular genetic analysis. Conclusions: The novel 11-nucleotide deletion (g.1644_1654del11) was identified as causing the bleeding disorder in the BSS patient. This homozygous deletion includes the last 4 nucleotides of the Kozak sequence as well as the start codon and the following 4 nucleotides of the coding sequence. The Kozak sequence is a region indispensable for the initiation of the protein translation process, thus preventing synthesis of functional GPIX protein in the case of deletion. / Hintergrund: Das Bernard-Soulier-Syndrom (BSS) ist eine angeborene Blutungsstörung, die mit Thrombozytopenie, Thrombozytopathie und verminderter Thrombozytenadhäsion assoziiert ist. BSS wird durch genetische Veränderungen des Glykoprotein(GP)-Ib/IX/V-Komplexes verursacht. Methoden: Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit typischem BSS-Phänotyp (Thrombozytopenie mit Riesenthrombozyten, Blutungssymptome). Dennoch wurde die Diagnose BSS erst im Alter von 39 Jahren gestellt. Ergebnisse: Die Durchflusszytometrie der Thrombozyten des Patienten ergab eine fehlende Oberflächenexpression des GPIb/IX/V-Rezeptors. Zusätzlich zeigten Immunfluoreszenz-Analysen der Thrombozyten eine nur sehr schwache Anfärbung von GPIX. In der molekulargenetischen Analyse wurde eine noch nicht bekannte homozygote Deletion von 11 Nukleotiden (beginnend an Position 1644 im GPIX-Gen) identifiziert. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese neue Deletion von 11 Nukleotiden (g.1644_1654del11) wurde als Ursache für die vermehrte Blutungsneigung bei dem BSS-Patienten identifiziert. Von der homozygoten Deletion betroffen sind die letzten 4 Nukleotide der Kozak-Sequenz sowie das Startkodon und weitere 4 Nukleotide des kodierenden Bereichs. Die Kozak-Sequenz ist unerlässlich für die Initiation der Translation in der Proteinbiosynthese, so dass die bei dem Patienten nachgewiesene Deletion die Synthese des funktionellen GPIX-Proteins verhindert. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Background: Bernard-Soulier syndrome (BSS) is a severe congenital bleeding disorder characterized by thrombocytopenia, thrombocytopathy and decreased platelet adhesion. BSS results from genetic alterations of the glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V complex. Methods: We report on a patient demonstrating typical BSS phenotype (thrombocytopenia with giant platelets, bleeding symptoms). However, BSS was not diagnosed until he reached the age of 39 years. Results: Flow cytometry of the patient’s platelets revealed absence of GPIb/IX/V receptor surface expression. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis of patient’s platelets demonstrated very faint staining of GPIX. A novel homozygous deletion comprising 11 nucleotides starting at position 1644 of the GPIX gene was identified using molecular genetic analysis. Conclusions: The novel 11-nucleotide deletion (g.1644_1654del11) was identified as causing the bleeding disorder in the BSS patient. This homozygous deletion includes the last 4 nucleotides of the Kozak sequence as well as the start codon and the following 4 nucleotides of the coding sequence. The Kozak sequence is a region indispensable for the initiation of the protein translation process, thus preventing synthesis of functional GPIX protein in the case of deletion. / Hintergrund: Das Bernard-Soulier-Syndrom (BSS) ist eine angeborene Blutungsstörung, die mit Thrombozytopenie, Thrombozytopathie und verminderter Thrombozytenadhäsion assoziiert ist. BSS wird durch genetische Veränderungen des Glykoprotein(GP)-Ib/IX/V-Komplexes verursacht. Methoden: Wir berichten über einen Patienten mit typischem BSS-Phänotyp (Thrombozytopenie mit Riesenthrombozyten, Blutungssymptome). Dennoch wurde die Diagnose BSS erst im Alter von 39 Jahren gestellt. Ergebnisse: Die Durchflusszytometrie der Thrombozyten des Patienten ergab eine fehlende Oberflächenexpression des GPIb/IX/V-Rezeptors. Zusätzlich zeigten Immunfluoreszenz-Analysen der Thrombozyten eine nur sehr schwache Anfärbung von GPIX. In der molekulargenetischen Analyse wurde eine noch nicht bekannte homozygote Deletion von 11 Nukleotiden (beginnend an Position 1644 im GPIX-Gen) identifiziert. Schlussfolgerungen: Diese neue Deletion von 11 Nukleotiden (g.1644_1654del11) wurde als Ursache für die vermehrte Blutungsneigung bei dem BSS-Patienten identifiziert. Von der homozygoten Deletion betroffen sind die letzten 4 Nukleotide der Kozak-Sequenz sowie das Startkodon und weitere 4 Nukleotide des kodierenden Bereichs. Die Kozak-Sequenz ist unerlässlich für die Initiation der Translation in der Proteinbiosynthese, so dass die bei dem Patienten nachgewiesene Deletion die Synthese des funktionellen GPIX-Proteins verhindert. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Submitted by PPG Gerontologia Biom?dica (geronbio@pucrs.br) on 2019-03-13T19:56:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 VIANA_SUSY_ANE_RIBEIRO_DIS.pdf: 3189179 bytes, checksum: d1f3103752ccad4f16b0aa1e9a5b0437 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Sheila Dias (sheila.dias@pucrs.br) on 2019-03-21T13:45:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 VIANA_SUSY_ANE_RIBEIRO_DIS.pdf: 3189179 bytes, checksum: d1f3103752ccad4f16b0aa1e9a5b0437 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-21T14:28:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 VIANA_SUSY_ANE_RIBEIRO_DIS.pdf: 3189179 bytes, checksum: d1f3103752ccad4f16b0aa1e9a5b0437 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-01 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / The construction and adaptation of instruments are necessary to aggregate methods of psychological evaluation that aim to investigate aspects of health promotion and quality of life, it is particularly noticed the importance of new instruments that contemplate the elderly. The literature has shown gratitude as a protective factor and as a provider of subjective well-being for the elderly. Therefore, the central axis of this study is the cross-cultural translation and adaptation of the Cuestion?rio de Gratitud de 20 ?tems (G-20) prepared by Bernab?-Valero et al (2014) in Spain, directing the instrument to the elderly Brazilian population. It was chosen as the method of adaptation the ten-step process of Beaton et al. Al (2002): 1) Conceptual definitions and literature review; 2) Contact with the author; 3) Translation; 4) Synthesis of translations; 5) Backtranslation; 6) Analysis of Judges; 7) Modifications and readjustments; 8) Pilot Study; 9) Final version readjustments and application in a larger sample; And, 10) Psychometric Analyzes of the instrument. The Brazilian version will maintain the G-20 nomenclature, adding the name "G-20-IB Elderly Gratitude Scale" (Brazilian Elderly) in its final title. Six bilingual translators participated in the study, of which 3 were Brazilian and 3 were foreigners (stage 3); Seven judges, two specialists and five non-specialists (stage 6); 38 elderly (step 8); And 80 elderly (stage 9), from three Brazilian states. Descriptive statistical analyzes (average, standard deviation, percentages and percentiles) were performed for the analysis among judges. The concordance index will be evaluated using the Fagundes method and the Kappa index. Internal consistency was measured using Cronbach's Alpha. The G-20 IB presented suitability between judges concordance analyzes, where k = 1. As well as, presented Alpha of Cronbach equal to ? = 0.81 demonstrating optimal adequacy, suggesting that the instrument has a good level of convergence between the items. Further studies are still needed for the psychometric validation of the G-20 IB, however this study was able to present a premise of other studies that may still be performed with this new evaluation instrument. Gratitude is linked directly as we shape interpersonal relationships and personal existential senses. It has a motivating and pro-social factor, which intensifies emotions of subjective well-being towards healthy aging. The contribution of this study would be to help in the elaboration of new knowledge and intervention techniques for the elderly that prioritize the use of preventive and non-pharmacological tactics. / A constru??o e adapta??o de instrumentos s?o necess?rias para agregar m?todos de avalia??o psicol?gica que visem investigar aspectos de promo??o de sa?de e qualidade de vida, em particular percebe-se a import?ncia de novos instrumentos que contemplem o idoso. A literatura tem apresentado a gratid?o como fator protetivo e de promo??o de sa?de e bem-estar subjetivo para os idosos. Portanto, o eixo central desse estudo ? a tradu??o e adapta??o transcultural do Cuestion?rio de Gratitud de 20 ?tems (G-20) elaborado por Bernab?-Valero et al (2014) na Espanha, direcionando o instrumento para a popula??o brasileira idosa. Foi escolhido como m?todo de adapta??o de instrumento o processo dividido em dez etapas de Beaton e outros (2002): 1) Defini??es conceituais e revis?o da literatura; 2) Contato com a autora; 3) Tradu??o; 4) S?ntese das Tradu??es; 5) Retrotradu??o (backtraslation); 6) An?lise dos Ju?zes; 7) Modifica??es e reajustes; 8) Estudo Piloto; 9) Reajustes da vers?o Final e aplica??o em uma amostra maior; e, 10) An?lises Psicom?tricas do instrumento. A vers?o brasileira ir? manter a nomenclatura G-20, sendo acrescido o nome ?Escala de Gratid?o para Idosos G-20-IB? (Idosos Brasileiros) em seu t?tulo final. Participaram do estudo seis tradutores bil?ngues, sendo tr?s brasileiros e tr?s estrangeiros (etapa 3); Sete ju?zes, dois especialistas e cinco n?o especialistas (etapa 6); 38 idosos (etapa 8); e 80 idosos (etapa 9), provenientes de tr?s estados do Brasil. Foram realizadas an?lises estat?sticas descritivas (m?dia, desvio-padr?o, percentuais e percentis), para a an?lise entre ju?zes o ?ndice de concord?ncia foi avaliado atrav?s do m?todo de Fagundes e do ?ndice de Kappa, a consist?ncia interna foi medida atrav?s do Alpha de Cronbach. A G-20 IB apresentou adequabilidade nas an?lises de concord?ncia interju?zes, sendo k=1. Tamb?m apresentou Alpha de Cronbach igual a ?= 0.81 demonstrando ?tima adequa??o, sugerindo que o instrumento possui um bom n?vel de converg?ncia entre os itens. Ainda se fazem necess?rios mais estudos para a valida??o psicom?trica da G-20 IB, mas esse estudo p?de apresentar uma premissa de outros estudos que ainda poder?o ser realizados com esse novo instrumento de avalia??o. A gratid?o est? ligada diretamente com a maneira que moldamos as rela??es interpessoais e sentidos existenciais pessoais, ela possui um fator motivador e pr?-social, que intensifica emo??es de bem-estar subjetivo para um envelhecimento bem sucedido. O aporte desse estudo seria o de poder contribuir na elabora??o de novos conhecimentos e de t?cnicas de promo??o de sa?de e de interven??o para o idoso, que priorizem o uso de t?ticas preventivas e n?o farmacol?gicas.

This thesis involved the various discourses around Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz's representation of women in four of his most well-known novels, which were originally written in Arabic. At the one extreme, he is described as a feminist writer who takes up an aggressive anti-patriarchal stance, delivering a multi-faceted critique on Egyptian society. Mahfouz's personal milieu, as well as the broader social context in which he finds himself, was given careful consideration. It was also considered whether the genre in which the four novels have been written has a significant influence on the manner in which Mahfouz has represented his female characters.

This thesis involved the various discourses around Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz's representation of women in four of his most well-known novels, which were originally written in Arabic. At the one extreme, he is described as a feminist writer who takes up an aggressive anti-patriarchal stance, delivering a multi-faceted critique on Egyptian society. Mahfouz's personal milieu, as well as the broader social context in which he finds himself, was given careful consideration. It was also considered whether the genre in which the four novels have been written has a significant influence on the manner in which Mahfouz has represented his female characters.

L'approche proposée dans cette thèse et qui se nomme MeTSI (pour Méthode de Transformation de Service Intentionnel) permet de décrire une démarche de développement d'une application à base de services interactifs par transformations successives des services intentionnels en services logiciels interactifs exécutables. La méthode applique les principes de l'ingénierie dirigée par les modèles. Elle adopte une approche transformationnelle, dans le sens où, à chaque étape, les modèles sont transformés et affinés. Elle permet d'aboutir à une solution logicielle exécutable sous la forme d'une application à base de services qui contient toutes les dimensions d'une application, à savoir, l'aspect interface de l'utilisateur avec l'application, l'aspect métier réalisé par des services web et leur coopération dans une composition orchestrée de services.

This essay has been carried out with the purpose of investigating the differences between teaching in a CLIL program and in a standard program. The results of this research are based on the perceptions of five teachers working in both programs. These teachers participated in a semi-structured group interview where they were asked questions and were given the opportunity to develop the discussions among themselves. The results have shown that there are fewer differences between these two programs than I originally thought, but the differences that do exist were unexpected. All of the teachers who participated in the study had taught English before they started to work in the IB, but are not trained CLIL teachers. Since there were only five participants and these participants are not trained CLIL teachers, this investigation does not show a general result, but instead gives the picture of how working with CLIL and a standard program simultaneously could work.

Submitted by Ubirajara Cruz (ubirajara.cruz@gmail.com) on 2017-03-29T14:40:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Paula_ Finger.pdf: 1449446 bytes, checksum: 187acc2c0bf320c4c451486502eed5f2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-05T17:52:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Paula_ Finger.pdf: 1449446 bytes, checksum: 187acc2c0bf320c4c451486502eed5f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-05T17:52:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese_Paula_ Finger.pdf: 1449446 bytes, checksum: 187acc2c0bf320c4c451486502eed5f2 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / A bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (BIG) é uma enfermidade viral altamente contagiosa que causa predominantemente lesões respiratórias que se manifestam clinicamente por espirros e estertores tráqueo-bronquiolares, podendo levar a sinais mais severos, com diminuição na fertilidade e redução da produção de ovos. O vírus da bronquite infecciosa das galinhas (IBV) codifica quatro proteínas estruturais, sendo a nucleoproteína uma das mais importantes na geração de resposta imune das aves, sendo também a mais abundante e, ainda, se caracteriza por possuir a sequência de aminoácidos bem conservada. A vacinação é a principal forma de controle da enfermidade, porém surtos da doença ainda ocorrem com frequência, causando grandes prejuízos na avicultura. Em vista disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi produzir imunobiológicos que possam contribuir no monitoramento sorológico das aves. Para tanto, a proteína N foi expressa em Escherichia coli, obtendo-se uma proteína recombinante (rN) na forma solúvel. A partir dessa proteína recombinante, foi padronizado um teste ELISA e também produzidos anticorpos monoclonais frente a rN. Para o teste de ELISA foram utilizados 389 soros, os quais já haviam sido testados pelo Kit comercial, sendo o ELISA padronizado e comparado ao IDEXX. Os resultados obtidos para o teste ELISA demonstraram uma sensibilidade de 90,16% e especificidade de 90,34% ao comparar com o Kit comercial. Para o anticorpos monoclonais, foram selecionados três principais hibridomas, sendo estes testados frente a diferentes vírus aviários. Os anticorpos monoclonais produzidos foram específicos ao reconhecer apenas o vírus da bronquite e a proteína recombinante (rN), não havendo reação cruzada com outros vírus aviários. Os insumos produzidos durante o trabalho são promissores para utilização de rotina em laboratório que realiza diagnóstico de BIG. / The infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral disease that causes predominantly respiratory injuries that manifest clinically and invariably by sneezing and tracheo-bronchial throes and may lead to more severe signs with decreased fertility and reduced egg production. The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) encodes four major structural proteins, the nucleoprotein being the most important in the immune response of the birds, since it is abundant and has a well conserved sequence. Vaccination is the primary means of disease control but outbreaks still occur frequently, causing major losses in poultry. As a result, the objective was to produce immunobiologicals that may contribute to the serological monitoring of birds. Therefore, the N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding a recombinant protein (RN) in soluble form. From this recombinant protein was a standard ELISA test and also produced monoclonal antibodies against rN. For the ELISA test were used 389 sera, which had been tested by the commercial kit, with the standardized ELISA and compared to IDEXX. The results obtained for the ELISA test showed a sensitivity of 90.16% and a specificity of 90.34% when compared to the commercial kit. For monoclonal antibodies, three primary hybridomas were selected, these being tested against different avian viruses. The produced monoclonal antibodies were specific to only recognize the virus bronchitis and recombinant protein (rN), with no cross-reactivity with other avian viruses. The inputs produced during work are promising for routine use in the laboratory that performs IB diagnostic.

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