Early Chinese city planners and builders succeeded in creating a imperial ideal city - Beijing. The spatial order of Beijing expresses the elaborate system of imperial hierarchy (meaning). Since the founding of People's Republic in 1949 as all the physical elements which defined the old spatial order have changed, the Chinese State attempted to reconstruct a new ideal city -a people's capital of socialist era. Some of these changes ignored the historical and aesthetic values of the traditional elements for utilitarian functions. This thesis examines the transformation process of this ideal city in terms of the physical elements and sociological perspectives, identifies the unique order and meaning of urban space in the ideal city - Beijing, and articulates some design principals that could be used to reconstruct a new ideal city - Beijing, express the new ideology of the people in the socialist era and preserve the historical and aesthetic values of traditional elements. / Master of Landscape Architecture

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This thesis investigates the evolution of the main square (Z&ograve / calo) in M&egrave / xico City, Mexico, from pre-colonial times to the present in terms of its spatial characteristics and public life. This thesis introduces wide-ranging information about Pre-hispanic America, mainly Aztecs and their urban culture / Spaniards, their background in Europe, and their colonial urban culture in America / and the culture of the Mexican Revolution. After 1810, the &amp / #8216 / independence soul&amp / #8217 / created a nation of so-called &amp / #8216 / cosmic race&amp / #8217 / , whose aspirations were concretized through new political and social transformation of the main square. The new naming of the square as Plaza de la Constitucion and the demolition of the P&agrave / rian introduced this new concept. Even though later social and political developments changed the main character of the square, colonial urban texture still exists. Z&ograve / calo faced major modifications in its eventful history, but still demonstrates the traces of the transformation from Aztec Great Sacred Center, first to colonial town square (Plaza Mayor), second to the national square (Plaza de la Constitucion), and finally to the public arena (Z&ograve / calo).

L'utopie est une notion omniprésente dans l'histoire et la psychologie humaine car elle inspire, quelle que soit sa forme, l'espoir en une amélioration. Sa forme initiale a été créée par l'humaniste et le philosophe Thomas More dans l'ouvrage L'Utopie ou le Traité de la meilleure forme de gouvernement écrit en 1516. L'auteur se propose, à travers la réitération d'un raisonnement ancien, d'analyser et de réformer la politique contemporaine de l'Angleterre. La particularité de cette réflexion très détaillée est d'être écrite sous l'aspect d'une fiction imaginaire. La vertu polémique ainsi que sa résonance sociale ont fait du texte un modèle philosophique, politique et littéraire atemporel.Au cinéma, L'Utopie n'apparaît pas de manière significative. Cette particularité est due à ce que le cinéma a davantage développé des utopies, très variées et très éloignées de la matrice originelle, qui ont favorisé son effacement. Mais de nombreux éléments narratifs et structurels propres au récit de Thomas More et relevés dans plusieurs films attestent de sa présence. L'œuvre n'est toutefois jamais citée par les cinéastes de façon formelle. Cette étude vise donc à évaluer concrètement la représentativité de l'œuvre dans le champ cinématographique et à appréhender la nature de la réactivation de la pensée utopique par les cinéastes aussi bien sur le plan artistique que social. / Utopia is an omnipresent notion in history and human psychology as it inspires, whatever its form, hope for improvement. Its first form was created by the humanist and philosopher Thomas More's Utopia in the book Utopia or the Treaty of the best form of government written in 1516. The author proposes, through the reiteration of an old argument, analyze and reform the contemporary English's politics. The peculiarity of this very detailed reflection is to be written as an imaginary fiction. Virtue controversy and its social resonance of the text became a philosophical model, political and literary timeless.In film, Utopia does not appear significantly. This peculiarity is due to this that cinema has further developed utopias, very varied and far removed from the original matrix, which favored its deletion. But many narrative and structural elements specific to Thomas More's account in several films and readings attest to his presence. The work is however never cited by formally filmmakers. This study therefore aims to concretely assess the representativeness of the work in the film field and understand the nature of the reactivation of utopian thinking by filmmakers both artistically and socially.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2018-04-11T13:17:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lorrainepinheiromendes.pdf: 2993654 bytes, checksum: 8d6af57393cc7ceb5152d9a6cbef2c90 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-04-11T15:06:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lorrainepinheiromendes.pdf: 2993654 bytes, checksum: 8d6af57393cc7ceb5152d9a6cbef2c90 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-11T15:06:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lorrainepinheiromendes.pdf: 2993654 bytes, checksum: 8d6af57393cc7ceb5152d9a6cbef2c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-15 / A partir dos “Trattati di architettura ingegneria e arte militare” (1479-1480) de Francesco di Giorgio Martini e de seus projetos como arquiteto, principalmente em Urbino durante o ducado de Federico da Moltefeltro, pretende-se analisar e elucidar de que forma esse artista contribuiu para o desenvolvimento do conceito de cidade ideal durante a Renascença. Para isso é necessário conhecer a biografia de Martini bem como entender sua formação e obra como um todo complexo, inserindo-o em uma tradição tratadística do Renascimento. / From the "Trattati di architettura, ingegneria e arte militare" (1479-1480) by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and his projects as an architect, especially in Urbino during the duchy of Federico da Moltefeltro, it is intended to analyze and elucidate how this artist contributed to the development of the concept of ideal city during the Renaissance. For this it is necessary to know the biography of Martini as well as to understand his formation and work as a complex whole, inserting it in a treatise tradition of the Renaissance.

Paris et Londres offrent des sites privilégiés pour l’observation du nouveau regard porté sur la ville à la fin de l’époque des Lumières. Notre démonstration, basée sur des récits de voyage, des traités d’architecture et d’autres écrits sur la ville, vise à élaborer une histoire culturelle et littéraire de la ville à travers un volet de coopération histoire/poétique des représentations. Dans un premier temps, l’étude des projets urbains formulés à Paris et à Londres permet de dégager deux modalités complémentaires du rapport au phénomène urbain : la magnificence publique et l’utilité publique. Entre ces deux pôles émergent les concepts d’embellissement et d’improvement qui relèvent d’un imaginaire artistique et, respectivement, technique. En outre, cette réflexion générale sur l’aménagement urbain favorise l’émergence d’un espace public des savoirs, observée à travers deux cartes des lieux de savoirs à Paris et à Londres, élaborées par nos soins.Dans un deuxième temps, nous esquissons une poétique comparée de la ville qui permet de montrer l’imbrication des enjeux esthétiques et épistémologiques dans la description urbaine. D’une part, l’émergence de la théorie du caractère en architecture explique le lien entre les processus de lecture de la ville, la pratique de la réunion des arts et l’embellissement urbain. D’autre part, l’analyse comparée des différentes descriptions urbaines fait ressortir la circulation des modèles descriptifs de la ville. Le modèle de la cité idéale en particulier démontre parfaitement le réseau subtil de connivences qui se tissent à cette époque entre les formes urbaines et les formes discursives. / The two great European capitals, Paris and London, are emblematic of the phenomenon of urban growth in the second half of the Enlightenment. The aim of our study, based on travelogues, architectural treatises and other writings on the two cities, is to elaborate a cultural and literary history of Paris and London by means of a multiple approach of the concept of representation which combines history and poetics. On the one hand, the analysis of the urban projects designed for Paris and London allows us to pinpoint two complementary manners of conceiving the city: public magnificence and public utility. Between these two poles emerge the concepts of embellissement and (urban) improvement which stem from an artistic and, respectively, technical urban imaginary. Moreover, the general debate on urban improvement fosters the emergence of a public sphere of science, demonstrated through two maps of places of science in Paris and London, conceived for the purposes of this study.On the other hand, a poetic approach of these urban representations shows the overlapping of aesthetic and epistemological issues. Firstly, the emergence of the architectural concept of character accounts for the link between the process of reading the city, the collaboration of arts at this time and urban improvement. Secondly, the comparative analysis of different types of urban descriptions allows us to demonstrate the circulation of several descriptive patterns, among which the pattern of the ideal city is the perfect embodiment of the subtle connections between urban forms and forms of discourse in the second half of the Enlightenment.