Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doglas_Lazzeri.pdf: 319692 bytes, checksum: ab1f14cee65939d583d1aaf7427d892d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Aiming to determine the digestible isoleucine requirement for barrows from 15 to 30 kg, two experiments were conducted, being one of digestibility and another of performance. Ten crossbreed barrows with average initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.27 kg were used to determine the ileal digestibility coefficient of amino acids from basal diet. The animals were housed individually in metabolic cages in a completely randomized design, with two treatments, five replicates and one animal per experimental unit. The treatments consisted of a basal diet with 14.13% crude protein and 0.45% isoleucine, and a free protein diet. Forty crossbreed barrows with average initial weight of 15.00 ± 0.87 kg were used to determine the digestible isoleucine requirement. The animals were distributed in a randomized block design with five treatments (0.45, 0.52, 0.59, 0.66 and 0.73% digestible isoleucine), four replicates and two animals per experimental unit. The coefficients of true ileal digestibility of essential amino acids were higher than the coefficients of apparent ileal digestibility and threonine, methionine+cystine and valine had the biggest increases. The true ileal digestibility of basal diet for lysine, threonine and tryptophan were higher than the true ileal digestible calculated amino acids. The same was not observed for true ileal digestibility of basal diet of arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, methionine+cystine, phenylalanine and valine. The protein deposition rate had a quadratic effect (P<0.05) which the level of 0.600% digestible isoleucine had the highest protein deposition in carcasses of pigs. The daily isoleucine intake had quadratic effect (P<0.01), which level of 0.938% digestible isoleucine provided the higher intake. There was linear effect (P<0.01) on efficiency of isoleucine utilization for weight gain, with reduction on values of EIleUWG as levels of digestible isoleucine increased in rations. A quadratic effect (P=0.09) of digestible isoleucine levels on the final weight was observed, with better values for the level 0.599%. The level of 0.60% digestible isoleucine obtained in the present work provided a digestible isoleucine:lysine relation of 0.60. The daily requirement of digestible isoleucine was 5.86 g/day, providing 1.76g of digestible isoleucine/Mcal of metabolizable energy / Com o objetivo de determinar a exigência de isoleucina digestível para suínos machos castrados dos 15 aos 30 kg de peso vivo, foram realizados dois experimentos, um de digestibilidade e outro de desempenho. Para determinar o coeficiente de digestibilidade ileal dos aminoácidos da ração basal, foram utilizados 10 suínos, machos castrados, mestiços, com peso médio inicial de 15,00±0,27 kg, alojados individualmente em gaiolas de metabolismo, em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, cinco repetições e um animal por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal, com 14,13% de proteína bruta e 0,450% de isoleucina, e uma dieta isenta de proteína. Na determinação da exigência de isoleucina digestível para suínos machos castrados, foram utilizados 40 suínos mestiços, com peso médio inicial de 15,00±0,87 kg, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (0,45; 0,52; 0,59; 0,66 e 0,73% de isoleucina digestível), quatro repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Os valores dos coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira dos aminoácidos essenciais foram maiores do que os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente, sendo a treonina, a metionina + cistina e a valina os aminoácidos que apresentaram os maiores aumentos. Os valores de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira da dieta basal para lisina, treonina e triptofano foram superiores aos valores de aminoácidos digestíveis ileais verdadeiros calculados. O mesmo não foi observado para os valores de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira da dieta basal dos aminoácidos arginina, histidina, isoleucina, leucina, metionina, metionina + cistina, fenilalanina e valina. A taxa de deposição de proteína apresentou efeito quadrático (P<0,05), em que o nível de 0,600% de isoleucina digestível proporcionou a maior deposição de proteína na carcaça dos suínos. Houve efeito quadrático (P<0,01) dos níveis de isoleucina digestível sobre o consumo diário de isoleucina, com estimativas de melhor consumo para o nível de 0,938%. Foi observada diferença linear (P<0,01) apenas para a eficiência de utilização de isoleucina para ganho, em que o modelo linear apresentou redução nos valores de eficiência à medida que aumentaram os níveis de isoleucina digestível nas rações. Foi observado efeito quadrático (P=0,09) dos níveis de isoleucina digestível sobre o peso final, com melhores valores obtidos para o nível de 0,599%. O nível de 0,60% de isoleucina digestível, obtido no presente estudo, proporcionou uma relação isoleucina:lisina digestível de 0,60. A exigência diária de isoleucina digestível foi de 5,86 g/dia, proporcionando um consumo de 1,76 g de isoleucina digestível/Mcal de energia metabolizável

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease which may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract with a preference for the terminal ileum and ileocaecal region. The disease was first described in 1932 and has increased during the last decades. The clinical manifestations could be referred to as inflammation, malabsorption and obstruction. The annual incidence of Crohn's disease in the county of Västerbotten, North Sweden, was found to be 4.9/105 inhabitants. In a study of 87 patients in a medical gastrointestinal unit, 23% of non-operated patients and 66% of resected patients had increased fecal fat excretion. D-xylose test and lactose tolerance test were abnormal 1n 19% and 24% respectively of the non-operated patients. No clear relation could be found between the outcome of these malabsorption tests and localization, extension or activity of the disease. This suggests the cause of malabsorption 1n Crohn's disease to be complex and multi- factorial . The morphology of jejunal biopsies from 18 patients with Crohn's disease elsewhere 1n the gastrointestinal tract demonstrated an abnormal picture 1n 13 patients when assessed by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. A high proportion of these patients had abnormal Intestinal absorptive tests. Skeletal muscle biopsies were performed 1n 13 patients showing a depletion of muscle potassium content and more Infrequently low skeletal muscle magnesium content. This depletion 1s not reflected by subnormal plasma concentration. In the Initial clinical assessment of a new gamma labelled synthetic bile ac1d-SeHCAT, 45 patients, 19 of whom had Crohn's disease, were studied. The outcome of the test correlated well with the excretion of fecal bile acids. It was possible to discriminate patients with terminal Ileal disease from other patient groups. In a follow-up study, the SeHCAT test was modified as to make it simpler and to shorten the test period. Nine patients with Crohn's disease were tested, showing a suffi cent accuracy of the outcome of the test within 48 hours, using simple equipment available in many hospitals. The elimination of radioactivity was calculated as WBR50*» the time for 50% of the administered dose to be excreted. This gives information as to the rate of excretion, reflecting the degree of terminal ileal malfunction. / <p>S. 1-41: sammanfattning, s. 43-115: 5 uppsatser</p> / digitalisering@umu

Introduction: Inflammatory pouch complications, including pouchitis, chronic pouchitis (CP) and a Crohn’s disease-like phenotype (CDL) of the pouch following ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA), are relatively common, and arise via unknown mechanisms. The phenotypic similarities between pouch inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggest there may be common pathways involved in both disorders. The aim of this thesis is to investigate the serological, genetic and microbial factors contributing to the development of pouch inflammation in a large, well characterized patient cohort. Methods: Subjects with IPAA were recruited, and clinical and demographic information was obtained through medical chart review and patient questionnaire, allowing patients to be grouped based on post-surgical phenotype. Blood and tissue was collected for genetic, serological and microbial analyses. Anti-microbial antibodies were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), genotyping was carried out using the Illumina Goldengate custom SNP assay and Sequenome iPLEX platform, and tissue-associated microbial communities were assessed using 454 pyrosequencing. Results: Among our cohort, smoking was associated with CDL (P=0.003) and Ashkenazi Jewish heritage with CP (P<0.008). NOD2insC (rs2066847) (P=7.4x10-5), anti-CBir1 (P<0.0001) and ASCA (IgG) (P=0.03) were significantly associated with inflammatory pouch outcomes. Additional SNPs in NOX3, DAGLB, and NCF4 were also marginally associated with pouch outcome. A multi-variable risk model combining clinical, serologic and genetic markers was constructed and could differentiate between chronic pouch inflammatory phenotypes and no pouchitis. Genus level microbial analysis demonstrated that several organisms (Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Blautia and Moryella) were detected less frequently among the inflammatory outcome groups (P<0.05). These associations remained significant even following adjustment for antibiotic use, smoking, country of birth and gender. Conclusions: CD-associated anti-microbial antibodies and genetic markers are associated with chronic inflammatory pouch phenotypes. Additionally, changes in the composition of the pouch associated microbiome are associated with inflammation. These observations suggest that similar mechanisms may be involved in non-surgical IBD and pouchitis.

A series of experiments were conducted to examine protein digestion in the young bird and the physiological changes that affect protein digestion as the bird matures. Trial one determined the effect of age on pH of the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that the pH of the proventriculus and gizzard decreases with age suggesting that gastric acid secretion increases proportionally with age and this may impact protein digestion. Experiment two examined the effect of age on ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients. AA digestibility increased from 5 to 21 d and the degree of improvement differed among ingredients and specific AA. This finding coupled with the low AA content of some ingredients demonstrates the importance of using appropriate nutrient digestibility values for young birds when formulating pre-starter and starter diets. Experiment three determined the acid binding capacity (ABC) of feed ingredients and the effect of formulating diets based on ABC on diet ABC, gastrointestinal pH and performance. The research confirmed dramatic differences in ABC among ingredients and that diets could be formulated on the basis of ingredient ABC. However, the range in diet ABC was less than predicted suggesting interactive effects among ingredients. Intestinal pH was reduced however broiler performance was not improved when diets low in ABC were fed. Experiment four examined the effect of diet acidification with HCl on diet ABC, gastrointestinal pH, ileal amino acid digestibility and broiler performance. Improvements in performance and reductions in mortality were observed when broilers were fed acidified diets. Adding acid to diets did not improve AA digestibility and therefore was not the reason for improved performance indicating an alternative mechanism of action. It is concluded that acid production by the proventriculus of young birds is low and increases with age however this does not impact protein digestion. Methods of improving performance of broiler chickens may include diet acidification however this is not the effect of remedying the low acid production by young birds. Therefore, alternative mechanisms are positively affecting broiler performance.

A series of experiments were conducted to examine protein digestion in the young bird and the physiological changes that affect protein digestion as the bird matures. Trial one determined the effect of age on pH of the gastrointestinal tract. The results showed that the pH of the proventriculus and gizzard decreases with age suggesting that gastric acid secretion increases proportionally with age and this may impact protein digestion. Experiment two examined the effect of age on ileal amino acid (AA) digestibility of feed ingredients. AA digestibility increased from 5 to 21 d and the degree of improvement differed among ingredients and specific AA. This finding coupled with the low AA content of some ingredients demonstrates the importance of using appropriate nutrient digestibility values for young birds when formulating pre-starter and starter diets. Experiment three determined the acid binding capacity (ABC) of feed ingredients and the effect of formulating diets based on ABC on diet ABC, gastrointestinal pH and performance. The research confirmed dramatic differences in ABC among ingredients and that diets could be formulated on the basis of ingredient ABC. However, the range in diet ABC was less than predicted suggesting interactive effects among ingredients. Intestinal pH was reduced however broiler performance was not improved when diets low in ABC were fed. Experiment four examined the effect of diet acidification with HCl on diet ABC, gastrointestinal pH, ileal amino acid digestibility and broiler performance. Improvements in performance and reductions in mortality were observed when broilers were fed acidified diets. Adding acid to diets did not improve AA digestibility and therefore was not the reason for improved performance indicating an alternative mechanism of action. It is concluded that acid production by the proventriculus of young birds is low and increases with age however this does not impact protein digestion. Methods of improving performance of broiler chickens may include diet acidification however this is not the effect of remedying the low acid production by young birds. Therefore, alternative mechanisms are positively affecting broiler performance.

The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the effects of exogenous enzymesupplementation to gestation-lactation diets on the digestibility of nutrients in mature swinefemales and the associated implications on energy metabolism during gestation and lactationphysiologic states. Three experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of commerciallyavailable enzyme products or pure enzymes on the digestibility of nutrients. Crossover designs intwo periods during gestation (early and late gestation) and lactation were studied to obtain anincreased number of observations from the surgically cannulated sows.Experiment 1 evaluated the effects of two enzyme products supplemented to a practicalcorn soybean meal diet fed to second parity crossbred sows. One of the enzyme productscontained both protease and cellulase activities, and the other xylanase activity, both productswere produced by microbial fermentation. No effects (P andgt; 0.10) were observed during eitherperiods during gestation. During lactation, effects of both enzyme products were observed fordigestibility of nutrients. Protease/cellulase supplementation increased ileal digestibility of grossenergy (P andlt; 0.09). Xylanase supplementation produced higher ileal digestibilities of dry matter,nitrogen and gross energy (P andlt; 0.02), improvements that were maintained for the total tractdigestibilities (P andlt; 0.05).Experiment 2 evaluated pure exogenous enzymes added to a practical corn soybean mealdiet fed to multiparous crossbred sows. Alpha-galactosidase and protease were supplementedeither alone or in combination to a control diet and compared to a non-supplemented diet duringperiods in gestation and lactation. The observed increases in ileal digestibilities in lactation inExperiment 1 for dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy were observed as tendencies (P andlt; 0.15)during lactation on Experiment 2.Experiment 3 evaluated a semipurified diet (with soybean meal as the only proteinsource) supplemented or not with an enzyme product containing protease and cellulase activitiesfrom microbial fermentation. Multiparous crossbred sows were fed the semipurified diet for twoperiods during gestation and two weeks during lactation. Effects of the enzyme product (P andlt;0.10) on nutrient digestibility were observed during gestation. Apparent digestibilities ofnitrogen were greater for the supplemented diet. In addition, there were observed tendencies (P andlt;0.15) for higher ileal digestibilities of dry matter and gross energy for the supplemented dietduring gestation. No effects (P andgt; 0.10) were observed during lactation period for any of theresponse variable tested. However, tendencies (P andlt; 0.15) of higher DM and GE total tractdigestibilities were observed in lactation for the supplemented diet.According to the results observed in the three experiments, the supplementation ofexogenous enzymes to gestation and lactation diets has the potential to increase the ilealdigestibilities of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy, especially during the lactation period.

Submitted by Nathália Faria da Silva (nathaliafsilva.ufv@gmail.com) on 2017-07-06T16:45:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 354443 bytes, checksum: 490f42cddaac16a5bb95a3f474107e5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-06T16:45:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 354443 bytes, checksum: 490f42cddaac16a5bb95a3f474107e5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001-06-04 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos no Setor de Suinocultura do Departamento de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa-MG. O primeiro objetivou determinar os valores de energia digestível (ED) e metabolizável (EM) e desenvolver equações de predição por meio de parâmetros químicos e físicos, utilizando seis diferentes partidas de farinhas de carne e ossos (FCO) e cinc o de farinhas de vísceras (FV). Foi utilizado o método de coleta total, tendo o óxido férrico sido utilizado como marcador. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, tendo sido utilizadas 11 alimentos e uma ração-referência, sendo a unidade experimental representada por um animal. Os valores de ED e EM encontrados para as farinhas de carne e ossos variaram de 1.717 a 2.908 kcal/kg e 1.519 a 2.608 kcal/kg, respectivamente, e a variação obtida para a farinha de vísceras foi de 3.281 a 4.567 kcal/kg e 3.151 a 4.293 kcal/kg para ED e EM, respectivamente. As equações de predição da energia digestível e metabolizável que apresentaram maiores R² para a farinha de carne e ossos foram: ED = 1196,11 + 44,18xPB - 121,55xP e EM = 2103,35 + 22,56xPB - 164,02xP; e para a farinha de vísceras foram: ED = 8226,97 - 33,01xPB -160,05xMM e EM = 10146,5 - 166,27xMM – 1259,25xCa. No segundo experimento, foi avaliada a perda endógena de aminoácidos em função de diferentes níveis de fibra na dieta isenta de proteína. Foram utilizados suínos machos castrados, submetidos à cirurgia para implantação de cânula simples “T”, tendo o óxido crômico sido utilizado como indicador. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, utilizando quatro níveis de inclusão de casca de arroz, que proporcinou níveis de 1,000, 2,000, 3,000 e 4,000% de FB e, ou, 1,820, 3,640, 5,460 e 7,280% de FDN e, ou, 1,504, 3,008, 4,512 e 6,016% de FDA. Dentre os aminoácidos estudados, apenas a glicina não apresentou resposta significativa (P>0,05) aos níveis de inclusão de fibra à dieta isenta de proteína, havendo aumento da perda endógena dos demais aminoácidos estudados à medida que os níveis de fibra na dieta foram aumentados. No terceiro e quarto experimentos, foram determinados os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparentes e verdadeiros dos aminoácidos de seis diferentes FCO e cinco FV, respectivamente. Foram utilizados suínos submetidos à cirurgia para implantação de cânula simples “T”, tendo como indicador o óxido crômico em ambos experimentos. O delineamento experimental utilizado no terceiro e quarto experimentos foi o de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente da lisina, treonina e metionina, das diferentes farinhas de carne e ossos, variaram de 54,87 a 74,80; 62,62 a 81,19; e 72,35 a 85,46%, respectivamente, e a variação obtida para os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira, para os mesmos aminoácidos, foram de 57,00 a 76,08; 66,26 a 83,07; e 73,76 a 86,39%, respectivamente. No caso das diferentes FV estudadas, obteve-se uma variação de 63,40 a 74,01; 63,17 a 79,13; e 72,60 a 81,11% entre os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal aparente da lisina, treonina e metionina, tendo os coeficientes de digestibilidade ileal verdadeira desses aminoácidos apresentado uma variação de 64,38 a 74,88; 64,31 a 80,60; e 73,07 a 81,64%, respectivamente. / Four experiments were carried out in the Swine Sector of the Animal Science Department of the Federal University of Viçosa. The first one had the objective of determine the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) and develop prediction equations through chemical and physical parameters, using six different types of meat and bone meals (MBM) and five poultry by-products (PBP). The method of total collection was used, being used the ferric oxide as marker. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks, with 11 feeds and a basal diet, and four replicates, being the experimental unit represented by one animal. The DE and ME values found for the meat and bone meals varied of 1,717 at 2,908 kcal/kg and 1,519 to 2,608 kcal/kg, respectively, and the variation obtained for the poultry by-products varied of 3,281 at 4,567 kcal/kg and 3,151 to 4,293 kcal/kg to DE and ME, respectively. The equations of prediction of the digestible and metabolizable energy that presented higher R² for the meat and bone meals were: ED = 1196,11 + 44,18xPB - 121,55xP and ME = 2103,35 + 22,56xPB - 164,02xP; and for the poultry by-product were: DE = 8226,97 - 33,01xPB - 160,05xMM and ME = 10146,5 - 166,27xMM - 1259,25xCa. In the second experiment were evaluated the endogenous amino acids losses in function of different fiber levels’ inclusion in a free protein diet. Castrated male swines were used, submitted to the surgery for simple "T" canula implantation, being used the chromic oxide as indicator. The experimental design used was the randomized blocks with four replicates, being used four levels of rice peel inclusion that performed levels of 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 and 4,000% of CF and/or 1,820; 3,640; 5,460 and 7,280% of NDF and/or 1,504; 3,008; 4,512 and 6,016% of ADF. Among the studied amino acids just the glycine didn't have a significant effect (P>0.05) to the fiber levels’ inclusion in the free protein diet, having an increase of the endogenous losses (P<0.05) of the others studied amino acids as the fiber levels in the diet increased. In the third and fourth experiments were determined the apparent and true digestibility coefficients of the amino acids from six different MBM and five PBP, respectively. Swines submitted to the surgery for simple "T" canula implantations were used and the chromic oxide used as indicator in both experiments. The experimental design used in the third and fourth experiments was the randomized blocks with four replicates. The coefficients of ileal apparent digestibility of lysine, threonine and methionine, of the different meat and bone meals , had a variation of 54.87 to 74.80; 62.62 to 81.19 and 72.35 to 85.46% respectively, and the variation among the true ileal digestibility coefficients were 63.40 to 74.01; 63.17 to 79.13 and 72.60 to 81.11%, respectively. For the poultry by-product were obtained a variation of 63.40 to 74.01; 63.17 to 79.13 and 72.60 to 81,11% between the apparent ileal digestibility coefficients of lysine, threonine and methionine, and the true ileal digestibility coefficients showed a variation of 64.38 to 74.88; 64.31 to 80.60 and 73.07 to 81.64%, respectively.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-06-23T15:16:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 218604 bytes, checksum: cea7da2efd18a8b22f314416baa2a45f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-23T15:16:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 218604 bytes, checksum: cea7da2efd18a8b22f314416baa2a45f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1999-03-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Quatro experimentos foram conduzidos com 59 suínos mestiços (Large White – Landrace) em fase de crescimento com o objetivo de estudar o efeito do nível de carunchamento sobre a composição química e valores de digestibilidade de nutrientes e da energia do milho para suínos em crescimento. O primeiro experimento constituiu-se de análise da composição química do milho com diferentes níveis de carunchamento. Com base nos resultados conclui-se que o aumento do nível de carunchamento provocou aumento linear do teor de matéria seca, fibra bruta e cinzas, e efeito quadrático sobre o extrato não nitrogenado, a gordura, a proteína bruta, a densidade e a energia bruta do milho. Não se detectou a presença de micotoxinas (aflatoxinas, ochratoxina e zearelenona) e de partes de insetos, entretanto, a composição aminoacídica dos grãos foi alterada com o aumento no nível de carunchamento. O segundo experimento envolveu 15 suínos em fase de crescimento (cinco tratamentos e três repetições) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado para avaliação da energia digestível e metabolizável, e coeficientes de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, extrato etéreo e fibra bruta do milho com diferentes níveis de carunchamento. A elevação do nível de carunchamento do milho provocou alterações na digestibilidade dos grãos reduzindo o nível de energia digestível e o coeficiente de digestibilidade do extrato etéreo do milho, mas não alterou o coeficiente de digestibilidade da proteína bruta, da fibra bruta e da energia metabolizável. O terceiro experimento envolveu quatro suínos em fase de crescimento, anastomosados, arranjados em delineamento de quadrado latino para determinação da digestibilidade ileal verdadeira dos aminoácidos do milho com diferentes níveis de carunchamento. Foi verificado efeito de tratamento apenas sobre o aminoácido valina. O quarto experimento envolveu 40 suínos em fase de crescimento (cinco tratamento e duas repetições com quatro animais por unidade experimental) em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Verificou-se efeito do tratamento sobre a digestibilidade ileal verdadeira dos aminoácidos serina e tirosina. As duas técnicas (anastomose íleo-retal e sacrifício) chegaram a valores e resultados diferentes. A técnica do sacrifício obteve valores mais coerentes com a literatura e com menor coeficiente de variação além de ser uma técnica menos combatida pelos defensores do bem estar animal do que a técnica da anastomose íleo retal. / Four experiments were conducted with 59 growing pigs (Large White - Landrace) with the objective of studying the effect of the wormy level on the chemical composition and values of digestibility of nutrients and of the energy of the corn for growing pigs. The first experiment was constituted of analysis of the chemical composition of the corn with different wormy. Based in the results is concluded that the increase of the wormy level caused linear increase on the dry matter, crude fiber and ashes, and, quadratic effect on the non nitrogen extract, fat, crude protein, density and crude energy of the corn. The micotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxin and zearelenon) and parts of insects presence was not detected, however, the amino acid composition of the grains was altered with the increase in the wormy level. The second experiment involved 15 growing pigs (five treatments and three replicates) in a completely randomized design for evaluation of the digestible and metabolizabel energy, and coefficients of digestibility of the crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber of the corn with different wormy levels. The elevation of the wormy level of the corn caused changes in the digestibility of the grains reducing the level of digestible energy and the coefficient of digestibility of the ether extract of the corn, but it didn't change the coefficient of digestibility of the crude protein, crude fiber and of the metabolizable energy. The third experiment involved four anastomosed growing pigs, in a latin square design for determination of the true ileal digestibility of the amino acids of the corn with different wormy levels. Treatment effect was verified only on the amino acid valin. The fourth experiment involved 40 growimg pigs (five treatment and two replicates with four animals for experimental unit) in a completely randomized design for determination of the true ileal digestibility of the amino acids of the corn with different wormy levels. Effect of the treatment was verified on the true ileal digestibility of the amino acids serin and tirosin. The two techniques (ileum-rectal anastomosis and slaughter) obtained different values and different results. The slaughter technique obtained more coherent values with the literature and with smaller variation coefficient, besides being a technique less combatted by the defenders of the wellfare animal than the ileum-rectal anastomosis technique. / Não foi encontrado o CPF do autor.

Submitted by Pedro Barros (pedro.silvabarros@ufpe.br) on 2018-09-06T21:21:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Sérvio Fidney Brandão de Menezes Correia.pdf: 1642589 bytes, checksum: d005e15077b412094727003600c636ef (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-09-14T23:38:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Sérvio Fidney Brandão de Menezes Correia.pdf: 1642589 bytes, checksum: d005e15077b412094727003600c636ef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-14T23:38:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Sérvio Fidney Brandão de Menezes Correia.pdf: 1642589 bytes, checksum: d005e15077b412094727003600c636ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / Introdução: O diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) e a obesidade são pandemias sem controle clinico adequado. Cirurgias bariátricas proporcionam boa resolução do DM2 em obesos no curto prazo, a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux (DGYR) tem sido a opção cirúrgica mais aceita em diabéticos, porém outras opções cirúrgicas, como a Gastrectomia vertical com interposição ileal (GVII) têm surgido como opções para o tratamento de pacientes portadores de DM2 sem obesidade ou com obesidade grau I. Objetivo: Avaliação da eficácia e segurança da Gastrectomia vertical com interposição ileal (GVII) no tratamento do DM2 sem controle clínico associada `a obesidade grau I e compará-la com a DGYR. Metodologia:Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo em uma população de diabéticos tipo 2, sendo divididos em 2 grupos: no primeiro grupo, foram submetidos a GVII e no segundo, a DGYR, comparando-se variáveis clínicas e laboratoriais no pré e pós-operatório, no período de janeiro de 2002 a setembro de 2013. Resultados: Grupo 1, A remissão do DM2 foi de 33,3% (n=3), O controle glicêmico sem drogas foi obtido em 44,44% dos casos (n=4), e independente das medicações em 55,55%% (n=5). Foi obtida redução de 129,86% do excesso do peso e redução do IMC em 8,66 . Grupo 2: A remissão do DM2 foi de 48,1% (n=13). O controle glicêmico sem drogas foi obtido 74,1% dos casos (n=20), e independente das medicações em 92,6% (n=25). 3- Foi obtida redução de 96,68% do excesso do peso e redução do IMC em 8,07. Em ambos os grupos não houve mortalidade, desnutrição ou casos com IMC abaixo de 20 Kg/m2, havendo a ocorrência de um caso de fístula no ângulo de His no grupo do GVII. Conclusão: A GVII é uma opção segura e eficaz no tratamento do DM2 associada a obesidade grau I, tanto quanto a DGYR, não apresentando superioridade em relação à DGYR, mas se apresenta como uma opção no arsenal para o tratamento da DM2 associada à obesidade grau I. Mais estudos prosprectivos e com maiores amostras são necessários para confirmar esses achados.. / Introduction: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity are pandemics for which clinical treatment are not likely to promote adequate control. Bariatric surgery can provide in the short term resolution of T2DM in obese. Roux-em-Y Gastric bypass (RYGB) has been the most accepted surgical option in diabetics, but other surgical options, such as Sleeve Gastrectomy with Ileal Interposition (II-SG) have emerged as options for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes without obesity or obesity degree I. Objective: Evaluation of efficacy and safety of Sleeve Gastrectomy with ileal interposition (II-SG) and the RYGB in the treatment of T2DM without clinical control associated obesity grade I. Methods: A retrospective study in a population of type 2 diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups was performed: the first group underwent II-SG and second, the RYGB, comparing clinical and laboratory variables in the pre- and postoperative from January 2002 to September 2013. Results: Group 1, remission of type 2 diabetes was 33.3% (n = 3), glycemic control without drugs was obtained in 44.44% of cases (n = 4 ), and independent of medications in 55.55 %% (n = 5). We obtained reduction of 100% of the excess weight and BMI reduction at 8.66. Group 2: The remission of type 2 diabetes was 48.1% (n = 13). Glycemic control without drugs was obtained 74.1% of cases (n = 20), and independent of medications in 92.6% (n = 25). 3 was obtained reduction of 96.68% of the excess weight and BMI reduction in 8.07. In both groups there was no mortality, malnutrition or cases with a BMI below 20 kg / m2, we had an occurrence of a case of fistula in the His angle in II-SG the group. Conclusion: II-SG is a safe and effective option for the treatment of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity class I, as much as RYGB, showing no superiority to RYGB, but is presented as an option in the arsenal for the treatment of type 2 diabetes associated with obesity degree I. More prosprectivos and with larger sample studies are needed to confirm these findings..D

Orientador: Nelson Adami Andreollo / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T10:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_ElisvaniaFreitasdos_D.pdf: 6112433 bytes, checksum: 5a08970ce3277a59590bf80d3a093158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: A derivação jejuno-ileal é um dos procedimentos cirúrgicos considerados disabsortivos no tratamento da obesidade mórbida, além de levar a deficiência na absorção de alguns minerais como o ferro, causando anemia, alterações hepáticas e proporcionando quantidade maior de ácidos biliares e outros nutrientes ao intestino grosso sem serem devidamente metabolizados, os quais podem ser considerados como co-fatores na carcinogênese. Por outro lado, alguns componentes ou ingredientes funcionais dos alimentos denominados prebióticos podem influenciar positivamente na absorção dos minerais e na supressão da produção de metabólitos carcinogênicos, sendo a polidextrose um desses compostos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o efeito da suplementação de polidextrose no metabolismo de ferro, na morfologia do intestino e alterações hepáticas em ratos Wistar submetidos à derivação jejunoileal. Foram utilizados 59 animais machos divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo Controle- Sham (C1); Grupo Controle (C2). Os animais do grupo C1 foram submetidos à laparotomia mediana com exposição das alças intestinais e Grupo (G) também submetidos a laparotomia e o intestino foi seccionado a 5 cm da junção duodenojejunal e a derivação jejuno-ileal foi realizada mediante anastomose látero-lateral no íleo terminal a 2 cm da válvula íleo-cecal. Após 15 dias os animais foram subdivididos em: C1- Grupo controle-Sham, composto de 6 animais que receberam a dieta AIN-93M formulada com ferro; C2 - Grupo controle, composto de 6 animais (ração comercial). G: Grupo operado que foi subdividido em 4 subgrupos: G3 - Grupo operado composto de 12 animais que receberam a dieta AIN-93M formulada com ferro; G4 - Grupo operado, composto de 12 animais que receberam a dieta AIN-93M formulada com ferro e com polidextrose 7,5%; G5 - Grupo operado, composto de 11 animais que receberam a dieta AIN-93M formulada com polidextrose 7,5%; G6 - Grupo operado composto de 12 animais que receberam dieta AIN-93M formulada sem ferro e sem polidextrose. Após 90 dias de observação, os animais foram eutanasiados. Foram coletados sangue, fígado e intestino para análises séricas e histológicas. Para a análise histopatológica o intestino foi dividido em cinco segmentos (S1, S2, S3, S4 e S5) correspondentes ao íleo terminal, cólon ascendente, transverso, descendente e reto. Os animais operados apresentaram menor ganho de peso e menor consumo de ração. As dosagens séricas de ferro sérico, ferritina, capacidade total de ligação de ferro, capacidade de ligação de ferro insaturada, índice de saturação de transferrina e a análise de absorção aparente do ferro não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos. A análise da dosagem de hemoglobina mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos no intervalo final de 90 dias e para o hematócrito nos intervalos de 45 dias e 90 dias. O exame histopatológico do fígado mostrou fígados normais e diversos graus de esteatose hepática. Considerando presença ou não de esteatose, foi observado diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos estudados. Nas análises histopatológicas dos segmentos do intestino não foram observadas alterações. Portanto, os resultados da presente pesquisa permitem concluir que a suplementação de polidextrose na concentração 7,5% não teve efeito na absorção de ferro, nos parâmetros de ferro sérico e hematológicos após 90 dias da cirurgia de derivação jejuno-ileal. As alterações histológicas encontradas no fígado foram caracterizadas como esteatose e foram mais acentuadas nos animais submetidos à derivação jejuno-ileal. Não foram observadas alterações histológicas na mucosa intestinal dos segmentos estudados no período do estudo / Abstract: The jejunoileal bypass is considered one of the disabsorptive surgical procedures in the treatment of morbid obesity, and lead to deficiency in the absorption of some minerals like iron, causing anemia, liver and providing greater amount of bile acids and other nutrients to the intestine not properly metabolized, which can be considered as cofactors in carcinogenesis. On the other hand, some components or functional food ingredients called prebiotics can positively influence the absorption of minerals and suppressing the production of carcinogenic metabolites, and the polydextrose it is one of these compounds. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation and / or polydextrose in iron metabolism and morphology of the intestine in rats submitted to jejunoileal bypass. Were employed 59 males rats divided into 3 groups: control-Sham group (C1), control group (C2). The animals of group C1 who underwent laparotomy with exposure of the bowel and Group (G) also underwent laparotomy and the small bowel was transected 5 cm from the duodenal-jejunal junction and a latero-lateral jejunoileal anastomosis was performed in the ileum 2 cm from the ileocecal valve. After 15 days the animals were divided into: C1-sham-control group, consisting of 6 animals received the AIN-93M diet formulated with iron; C2 - control group, consisting of 6 animals (commercial diet). G: Group operated which was subdivided into four subgroups: G3 - Group composed of 12 operated animals that received the AIN-93M diet formulated with iron; G4 - operated group, consisting of 12 animals that received the AIN-93M diet formulated with iron and with 7.5% polydextrose; G5 - operated group, consisting of 11 animals that received the AIN- 93M diet formulated with polydextrose 7.5% G6 - operated group composed of 12 animals received AIN-93M diet formulated without iron and without polydextrose. After 90 days of observation, the animals were sacrificed. We collected blood, liver and intestine for analysis and histological studies. For histopathological analysis the intestine was divided into five segments (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) corresponding to the terminal ileum, ascending colon, transverse, descending and rectum. Operated animals showed lower weight gain and lower feed intake. The serum levels of serum iron, ferritin, total iron- binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation index and iron apparent absorption analysis showed no statistically significant difference between groups. The analysis of hemoglobin showed a statistically significant difference between groups in the final interval of 90 days and the hematocrit in intervals of 45 days and 90 days. Histopathology of the liver showed normal livers and various degrees of hepatic steatosis. Considering the presence or absence of steatosis, a statistically significant difference was observed between the groups. In the histopathological analysis of the segments of the intestine was not observed any change. Therefore, the results of this research showed that the supplementation of 7.5% polydextrose had no effect on iron absorption, serum iron and hematological levels after 90 days of jejunoileal bypass. The histological changes found in the liver were characterized as steatosis and were more pronounced in animals subjected to jejunoileal bypass. There were no histological changes in the intestinal mucosa of the segments during the study period / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências