1p. / Most of the "bad food" reported illnesses are due to bacterial contamination. Nearly all of these cases can be linked to improper food handling, both in our homes and in restaurants. This article briefly discusses the causes of food contamination and how to handle food safely.

A atividade odontológica requer do cirurgião-dentista (CD) ações que exigem coordenação motora, raciocínio, discernimento, paciência, segurança, habilidade, delicadeza, firmeza, e objetividade. Bem como uma interação direta e frequente com pessoas, materiais e equipamentos, expondo-o a riscos físicos, químicos, biológicos, ergonômicos e mecânicos. Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a prevalência dos principais riscos e doenças ocupacionais dos CD da cidade de Porto Velho, bem como seus possíveis vínculos com a prática odontológica em suas diferentes especialidades. Método: Para o desenvolvimento do projeto foi aplicado um questionário padronizado, contendo questões sobre dados pessoais e gerais, condições de trabalho, medidas de prevenção e proteção, e queixas ou danos sofridos durante o exercício laboral. Resultados: A população do estudo foi composta de 96 cirurgiões dentistas, de 22 a 59 anos, sendo 61 (63,54%) do gênero feminino. Embora todos os profissionais tenham relatado o conhecimento dos riscos de sua profissão e a utilização de Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI), nem todos os EPIs requeridos pela profissão eram utilizados e 91 (94,79%) profissionais realizavam a substituição destes entre cada paciente. Todos referiram a prática de esterilização dos instrumentais e a maioria aplicava os conhecimentos de ergonomia e considerava suas condições de trabalho adequadas. Ainda assim, 33,33% relataram dores musculares, principalmente da especialidade dentística, 31,25% estresse, 23,96% manifestações alérgicas, e 15 profissionais referiram acidentes com materiais pérfuro-cortantes, sendo sete (46,67%) deles com material contaminado. Seis (6,25%) CD relataram alterações auditivas, no entanto nenhum utilizava protetor. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que mesmo sendo a odontologia uma profissão de risco, as medidas preventivas ainda são negligenciadas por alguns profissionais e as queixas mais comuns são as dores e o estresse, que podem favorecer a ocorrência de acidentes. / The odontological activity requires the dental surgeon to perform actions which demand motor coordination, reasoning, discernment, patience, security, ability, delicacy, firmness, and objectivity. As well as a direct and frequent interaction with people, materials and equipment, becoming exposed to physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and mechanical risks. Objective: The present work aimed to investigate the prevalence of the main risks and occupational illnesses of the dental surgeon in the city of Porto Velho, as well as their possible bonds with the odontological practice in its different specialties. Method: For the development of the project, a standardized questionnaire was applied, comprehending questions on personal data and general conditions of work, prevention and protection actions, and complaints or damages suffered during labor. Results: The population of the study was composed by 96 dental surgeons, from 22 to 59 years of age, being 61 (63.54%) females. Although all the professionals (100%) have reported to know the profession risk and to use Individual Protection Equipment (IPE), nor all the IPEs required by the profession were used and only 91 (94.79%) professionals carried through the substitution of these between each patient. All of them said they used to perform instrument sterilization and the majority applied the ergonomics knowledge and considered their work conditions adequate. Still thus 33.33% reported muscular pains, mainly due to the dentistry specialty, 31.25% stress, 23.96% allergic manifestations, and 15 professionals reported accidents with perforate-cutting materials, seven (46.67%) of them with contaminated material. Six (6.25%) dental surgeons told they present auditory alterations, however none used the protecting device. Conclusion: The results suggest that once dentistry is a risky profession, the prevention writs still are neglected by some professionals and the most common complaints are pains and stress which may favor accident occurrence.

The accumulation of pro-inflammatory macrophages in the inflamed vascular wall is a critical step in atherogenesis. The mechanism of macrophage retention within the site of inflammation is not understood yet. High adhesion that prevents macrophage migration is one of the potential mechanisms. Previous research in our laboratory showed that integrin αDβ2 is upregulated on pro-inflammatory macrophages, promotes macrophage retention, and contributes to atherogenesis. However, a key ligand for αDβ2 within the tissue is yet to be identified, since αDβ2 does not interact with major ECM proteins, collagens, and laminins. We recently found that during acute inflammation, the oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) leads to the generation of end product carboxyethylpyrrole (CEP), which forms an adduct with fibrinogen and albumin via ε-amino group of lysines. There is evidence that macrophages adhere to CEP-modified albumin in αDβ2-dependent manner. We continued the advancement of the proposed hypothesis that non-conserved, basic amino acids of integrin αDβ2 located near the MIDAS site of the I-domain are responsible for binding to CEP. αD I-domain and generated I-domain mutants: H272(D), K297(Q) and K309(N) were used to map the ligand binding site between integrin and CEP. Using site-directed mutagenesis, mutant αD I-domains were generated with minimal amino acid substitutions. Protein-protein binding reveals that the generated mutation of K297(Q) on the I-domain demonstrates the strong reduction of binding, while H272(D) and K309(N) did not have a significant effect on integrin binding properties. Therefore, lysine 297 located in I-domain of integrin αD, is a critical amino acid for αDβ2 binding to CEP-modified proteins. The identification of a binding site for CEP-modified proteins within αDβ2 will help to develop a blocking reagent for the treatment of the inflammatory component of atherosclerosis.

A dissertation submitted to the Faculty Of Arts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Of Master Of Arts (Clinical Psychology) in the Department of Psychology at the University Of Zululand, 2017 / There has been advancement of healing where mainstream western medicine is concerned. Significant progress has been made in this regard, concerning integration as well as motivation of integration of indigenous or traditional healing methods to treat psychological illnesses. Literature has advised that more work is required to ensure that the herbal medicines used to treat patients on traditional medicine conventions are utilized. The main aim of this study was to investigate the conceptualization of trauma by Zulu traditional healers. It objectives being to elicit views on traditional healing of trauma amongst traditional healers within the area of Ozwathini. A methodology of qualitative research design was applied in gathering findings for the study. A semi-structured interview schedule was adopted as a data collection tool. The sample was selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques under the non-probability methods; the total number of which was 10. The results in the findings gathered during the data collection process indicate that there is no consensus of the definition of trauma amongst the sample of study though one must acknowledge the comprehensiveness presented in the definitions. Variations in the treatment methods included counselling and use of medicinal herbs by the traditional healers during the identification and treatment of trauma. Recommendations of the study being that observations be conducted during the treatment of patients suffering from trauma to identify the exact methods and effects associated with the treatment of trauma by traditional healers.

Spiritual health is one of the essential components of health, where patients search for meaning and purpose in life. Patients with life threatening illnesses experience distress, both physically and spiritually. There are studies which found that nurses did not regularly integrate spiritual care into their daily routine, due to lack of time and lack of education. It is important to discover existing evidences of spiritual interventions which help the nurses promote spiritual health as regards to patients’ need in hospital settings. The aim of this study was to describe nursing interventions applied in promoting spiritual health for patients with life threatening illnesses in hospital settings. A literature review of sixteen articles was carried out. Articles were retrieved from CINAHL and MEDLINE databases to answer the study’s objective. Eleven articles were retrieved from the databases and five articles were found using an ancestry search. A process of re-reading and finding the similar categories from articles was being used to develop themes in analyzing the data. Results were categorized into three themes: person-centred communication, adapting a team approach, and modifying the physical environment. It was found that the nurses conducted a deeper level of communication which covered topics about patients’ wishes and hopes, and being there for patients as major interventions. The nurses also assessed patients’ spiritual needs prior to interventions, and were promoting patients and family belief and value in a respectful way. Family and referrals were also included in the intervention given by the palliative care team, moreover the nurses were providing privacy with regards to supporting a healing environment. In conclusion acknowledgement of dying is essential in providing appropriate care. It is essential for the nurses to be prepared adequately through education, to conduct spiritual care interventions within a person-centred care approach. The information from this study may improve the quality of delivering spiritual care in hospital settings for patients with life threatening illnesses. Further recommendation for future research is to explore deeper about various spiritual nursing interventions from various cultures.

Thesis (M.S.)--Boston University / The chronically ill patient in a general hospital designated for the treatment of the acutely ill presents serious problems to the medical team. With the advancements made in the medical profession, together with improved hospital facilities, more people today can benefit from hospitalization. Because of this fact, more people utilize hospital facilities today than in the past, with the results that hospitals are often overcrowded and cannot accommodate all who require treatment. Consequently, it is extremely important that the period of hospitalization be as short as possible, and consistent with the patient's condition, both for the chronically and the acutely ill if these services are to be available to all.

Published Article / Health effects associated with Ni-Cu mining on learners living within the mining area at Selebi Phikwe were investigated through the administration of questionnaires. Results depicted learners suffering from a wide range of different symptoms and illnesses. 70% of the learners complained of coughs, 77% had influenza / common cold, and 80% had headaches. The repeated coughing, constant influenza / common cold and persistent headaches from which learners suffered, were very significantly higher than those at the control site; and incidences of their occurrence increased with closeness to the mining area. The unusual high occurrences of these ailments and illnesses coupled with associated diseases among learners were attributed to several environmental factors including contaminated particulate air matter (PAM) (rich in sulphur and heavy metals) linked to the mining and smelting of Ni-Cu.

2 pp. / Revision of 1997 title by Meer and Misner / From 1988 to 1992, 66% of all food-borne illnesses caused by salmonella enteritidis involved eggs or foods containing eggs. Contamination of eggs may occur on the inside as well as the outside of the shell. This article outlines the proper refrigeration, cooking and handling methods to prevent most egg safety problems.

The problem addressed in this phenomenological study was the lack of documentation that supported the lived experiences of crisis intervention team (CIT) trained police officers related to their encounters with persons with mental illnesses (PwMI). The purpose of the study was to explore the lived experiences of officers among CIT-trained police officers to address the problem. Using the Giles's communication accommodation theory and Rogers's protection motivation theory (PMT), the purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of CIT-trained police officers of PwMI during CIT encounters. Rogers's PMT was aligned closest with the teachings of CIT training as described by the study's participants. Participants provided data which was comprised of completed questionnaires and transcribed interviews. The method of analysis used was a combination of inductive coding and theme analysis that established the results of this study. Key findings of the study identified a significant amount of frustration expressed in the lived experiences of the CIT-trained police officers. Pushback from the public mental health facilities helped with the frustration experienced by CIT-trained police officers who applied the fundamentals of PMT and attempted to navigate treatment with the limited resources available to help PwMI in crisis. The positive social change produced from this study includes recommendations to police leadership and mental health advocates to encourage certain CIT training-related practices that directly impact CIT field encounters with PwMI in crisis. Specialized training may promote improved departmental outcomes, assist with injury reductions, and enable police officer accountability and reliability.

Despite regulatory efforts of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 104 cases of nonfatal occupational illnesses and injuries (OIIs) per 10,000 full-time workers required time away from work in 2015. Although OII rates in private and public sectors are high, the rates among state and local government agencies were over 50% higher than private sector rates in 2015, especially in the healthcare industry. OIIs can lead to reduced organizational productivity and performance. Guided by the leader member exchange theory (LMXT) and risk homeostasis theory (RHT), the purpose of this single case study was to explore effective strategies that supervisors in a government agency in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States use to reduce OIIs. Data were collected from face-to-face semistructured interviews with 8 purposefully selected supervisors who had reduced OIIs and the review of company documents. Data were analyzed using inductive coding of phrases, word frequency searches, and theme identification. Four themes emerged: managing employee risk-taking behaviors reduced OIIs, communicating the importance of safety with employees decreased OIIs, having high-quality relationships with employees reduced and mitigated OIIs, and continuous education and training reduced OIIs. Both the LMXT and RHT were essential in exploring the role that education and training played in reducing OIIs. Findings may provide government agencies with valuable information that may lead to a healthier and safer work environment, increased productivity and profitability, and healthier lifestyles inside and outside of the workplace.