A re-sourcing decision is a sourcing decision subsequent to an outsourcing arrangement. Effective management of re-sourcing decisions is vital in ensuring the stability and continuity of organisational operations supported by outsourced critical activities. However, despite the importance of this stage in the outsourcing cycle, most outsourcing research has focused on outsourcing determinants and outsourcing process control stages. The study reported in this thesis set out to explore maintenance re-sourcing decisions in an asset-intensive service organisation operating in a capital constrained economy. The objectives of the study were to determine the factors that influence the management of maintenance re-sourcing decisions in asset intensive service organisations and to propose a management model for guiding maintenance re-sourcing decision making processes in such organisations. In order to achieve these objectives, a qualitative style oriented in-depth case study was adopted. Results from a thematic data analysis revealed that the management of re-sourcing decisions is impacted by factors that fall into three categories: the purchasing organisation s structural elements, external structural elements and boundary spanning elements. However, of the three categories, boundary spanning elements were found to have a greater bearing on the effectiveness of the most critical stages, incumbent supplier performance evaluation and incumbent to alternative supplier comparison. In addition to the recognised role that outsourcing models play in guiding sourcing decisions, this study has revealed the importance of three more key enablers. These include: recruiting qualified and experienced individuals into boundary spanning roles, developing and maintaining enabling environments for boundary spanners to engage in behaviour that supports the purchaser s goals and values, and, developing information management systems targeted at enhancing regular capturing of incumbent and alternative supplier capability and capacity before re-sourcing decision time. The results from this study will primarily benefit sourcing managers in asset-intensive service organisations operating in capital constrained economies that have outsourced or intend to outsource maintenance.

A supply chain comprises all processes, such as production, warehousing, sourcing and transport, which are necessary to deliver the desired products to the customer. In this respect, supply chain management deals with the design of these processes to fulfil customer requirements at low costs. Traditionally, the decisions are based on the economic performance of a supply chain, which can be measured with financial criteria, such as total landed costs and profit, or non-financial criteria, like customer service. Recently, other criteria, such as quality, flexibility and the impact of supply chain activities on the environment, have become important as well. However, prevalent supply chain strategies, such as offshoring or outsourcing and centralization of locations, often lead to an improvement of economic criteria while negatively affecting the environment due to increased transport activity and the related carbon emissions. Now, stricter regulations and increasing customer awareness with respect to the environment encourage companies to reconsider their strategies and to search for supply chain strategies which are cost-efficient, provide the required customer service and are at the same time environmentally friendly. This work deals with the issue of supply chains and their impact on the environment. In particular, the relation between different sourcing strategies and transport carbon emissions is analysed. We compare single offshore sourcing with dual sourcing relying on an offshore and an onshore supplier. For this purpose, we use a single-period inventory model, also known as newsvendor or newsboy model. We present the classical newsvendor model, i.e. the single offshore sourcing strategy, as well as the basic dual sourcing model. We evaluate the performance of the supply chain with the different sourcing strategies based on expected profit, customer service and transport carbon emissions. In addition to that, we integrate environmental regulations with respect to transport carbon emissions (emission limit, emission taxes and emission trading) into the basic dual sourcing model. We analyse how the decision of the company is influenced by these regulations. Furthermore, we have a closer look at how the regulations influence the economic and environmental performance of the supply chain. We provide analytical as well as numerical results and derive implications for policy-making and management. (author's abstract)

大中國區的興起，帶動全球的投資中國熱 其獨特經濟人文的發展對外人而言是一大挑戰 在大中國地區，如何找尋好的案源 對非中國人而言，文化語言的藩籬如何克服 如何透過複雜的關係網，確保好案源的建立 如何找出Deal sourcing 的最佳運作模式 根據過去十幾年來在中國投資的VC的經驗模式探討及分析 希望從經驗中歸納出重點來提升未來中國投資案的成功率 / “Greater China” is a term referring collectively to both the territories administered by the People's Republic of China (including Hong Kong and Macau), and territories administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan and some neighboring islands). To foreigners, Greater China may seem like more or less a homogenous region, with people of seemingly common appearance, language (Mandarin or some variant of it), and culture. However, deep underlying differences exist between Taiwan and China. To give an example, while Confucian ethics and values are deeply ingrained in the Taiwanese mindset, such traditional values are almost non-existent under the mainland Chinese brand of social capitalism. Being able to understand and leverage these fine nuances in culture is a critical factor in successfully doing business in China. Indeed, in the fifteen years or so since Taiwanese VC’s have entered the Chinese market, they have gained valuable insight on the critical role that culture plays in originating successful deals. This paper will attempt to identify the best practices adopted by Taiwanese VC’s in successfully sourcing and landing VC deals in China.

[pt] A função de compras tem exercido um papel importante no desempenho financeiro das empresas, uma vez que o valor de compras e contratação de bens e serviços tem se apresentado como parcela significativa nos demonstrativos de resultados, e por isso vem merecendo, cada vez mais, a atenção dos gestores como atividade estratégica. Nesse contexto a atividade de compras tem ampliado a sua atuação no processo de aquisição ou contratação não apenas com foco no valor dos produtos e serviços, mas também no relacionamento com o mercado fornecedor desses. O modelo de portfólio de Kraljic, apresentado em 1983, traduz bem o tema estratégia de fornecimento, quando classifica todos os itens de compras e contratação em termos de impacto no lucro e risco de fornecimento gerando quatro grupos de itens associados aos seus mercados. Embora com aceitação cada vez maior, o modelo de portfólio de Kraljic tornou-se alvo de críticas, das quais destacamos a subjetividade na medição das dimensões da matriz na etapa de classificação dos itens de compras. Nesta dissertação foi enfatizada a classificação de itens de bens e serviços, primeira etapa do modelo de portfólio de Kraljic, onde procurou-se demonstrar de forma prática, através de estudo de caso em uma empresa da indústria de óleo e gás, a aplicação de um método de medição, chamado um-por-um, que define com rapidez e objetividade a medida alta e baixa para o risco de fornecimento e impacto no lucro, com vistas ao seu posicionamento em um dos quatro grupos de itens. Procurou-se ainda apresentar evidências da possibilidade de emprego do modelo de portfólio de compras em empresa cujas compras e contratações são regidas pelo Decreto 2745/98, Regulamento do Procedimento Licitatório Simplificado da Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - PETROBRAS. / [en] The purchasing function has played an important part in the financial performance of a company, since the value of purchase and contracting of goods and services has emerged as a significant portion on their profit and loss statements, deserving, increasingly, management attention as a strategic activity. In this context the activity of supply has been expanded in the purchase or contracting of goods and services process not only focusing on the value of products and services, but also in the relationships within the supplier market. Kraljic s Portfolio Model, submitted in 1983, is a good way to translate the sourcing strategy theme as it sorts all purchasing and contracting items in terms of profit impact and risk of supply, developing four categories of items associated to their markets. Although Kraljic s portfolio model has become much more accepted, it has been the target of criticism as it can be seen in the literature, among which we highlight the matrix s dimensions measurement subjectivity, during the classification of Item s purchasing stage. In this dissertation it was emphasized the classification of items of goods and services, the first step of the Kraljic s Portfolio Model, which sought to demonstrate the practical application of a measurement method, called one-by-one, through an oil and gas industry s company case study, which sets quickly and objectively the measure high and low for the supply risk and profit impact, with a view to its placement in one of four groups of items. It was also sought to introduce evidences about the possibility of using purchases portfolio model in companies whose purchases and contracts are governed by Decree 2745/98, Simplified Regulation Bidding Process of Petróleo Brasileiro SA - PETROBRAS.

We extend the dual sourcing model based on the newsvendor framework by considering the environmental impact of transport. In our context, dual sourcing means that a company, e.g. a retailer, uses an offshore and an onshore supplier. We include environmental regulations for transport in the model. Firstly, emission taxes for the transport from the offshore source are considered. It can be shown that with increasing emissions taxes the company sources less from offshore. This improves the environmental performance but the economic performance (expected profit) is severely harmed. Secondly, we propose that an emission trading scheme is valid for transport activities. In this case, the optimal policy turns out to be a two-sided control-limit policy. If the emission limit (expressed in product units) is set to the minimal offshore order quantity the environmental impact of transport can be reduced while the economic performance is nearly not affected. Thus, from managerial perspective emission trading is preferred to an emission tax on transport. Also from the perspective of policy-making emission trading is reasonable as it helps to limit the negative environmental impact of transport but does not strongly reduce the competitiveness of individual companies.

abstract: This study evaluates five different hypotheses potentially accounting for the prehistoric movement of vesicular basalt during the Hohokam occupation of the Salt-Gila Basin (ca. A.D. 700-1450): 1) direct procurement; 2) direct exchange; 3) down-the-line exchange; 4) market exchange; and 5) elite-controlled exchange. The plausibility of each hypothesis is assessed by examining the relative frequency of different vesicular basalt source types at sites as related to the geographic distance from their source; intra-site variance in vesicular basalt source type diversity; inter-site variance in vesicular basalt source type diversity; and temporal specificity and continuity in source preference. The study sample is comprised of 484 vesicular basalt artifacts recovered from nine Hohokam sites: Casa Grande, Gila Crossing, the Hospital Site, La Plaza, Las Colinas, Los Hornos, Lower Santan, Pueblo Grande, and Upper Santan. Geographic provenance data for artifacts are generated by comparing their chemical composition to a geochemical reference database composed of more than 700 vesicular basalt raw material samples from 17 different source areas in the Salt-Gila Basin. Geochemical data for both artifact and raw material samples were collected using a portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and a newly developed sampling procedure that provides an efficient, reliable, and nondestructive means of analysis. The results of the hypothesis testing found that direct procurement is a possible material provisioning practice for perhaps only a small number of households in the Salt-Gila Basin; specifically those located less than 10 km from a vesicular basalt outcrop. Direct exchange is also an unlikely explanation, though it cannot be rejected outright. The other exchange hypotheses, down-the-line, market, and elite-controlled exchange, as defined in this study, are all rejected as possible explanations. From these results, a new model of Hohokam vesicular basalt provisioning practices is developed for future testing. This model posits that vesicular basalt groundstone tools were produced by specialists in a handful of locations during both the Preclassic and Classic periods, and that finished tools were acquired through workshop procurement or local distributers. The implications of these findings for understanding the organization of Hohokam domestic and political economies are also discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Anthropology 2014

No decorrer dos anos 90, a função compras nas empresas do setor automotivo passou por uma significativa transformação. A área de compras, que estava tipicamente voltada para a atividade de aquisição, passou a fazer parte de um processo complexo e integrado, envolvendo, além da área de compras, outras áreas da organização (engenharia, qualidade, finanças, logística, marketing, entre outras) que exercem papel estratégico. Vários fatores contribuíram para essa transformação, destacando-se dentre eles: a influência das práticas da produção enxuta (lean production), as novas formas de relacionamento entre as empresas na cadeia de suprimentos, a evolução dos negócios pela Internet, o surgimento de fornecedores mais especializados em função dos avanços tecnológicos e a própria competição global, provocando uma reestruturação organizacional nas empresas. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho estuda a evolução da atividade de compras levando em conta a interdependência entre as dimensões produzir, comprar e fornecer, interdependência essa que, a partir de um determinado projeto de produto, afeta a forma como a área de compras se organiza e opera na empresa e junto à cadeia de suprimentos. Conceitos como sede de projeto, sede de produção, produção modular, desverticalização produtiva, just in time, entre outros, são tratados no presente trabalho como uma espécie de pano de fundo para a nova configuração de compras, analisada em duas montadoras, localizadas no ABC Paulista, que centralizam as compras de materiais produtivos para as demais plantas localizadas no Brasil. Como contribuição científica, o presente trabalho procura mostrar a configuração de compras de empresas que adotam práticas modernas tanto na gestão de suprimentos como no relacionamento com o fornecedor, analisando a nova forma de atuação de compras, cujas atividades vão além das negociações típicas de preço e prazo e requerem o aprimoramento do perfil e das qualificações dos compradores. / During the 1990’s, sourcing in companies of the automotive sector underwent a major transformation process. The purchasing area, which until then had been typically geared to buying, became part of a complex and integrated process involving other areas besides purchasing (such as engineering, quality, finance and logistics, among others), and which have a strategic role in the organization. Several factors have contributed to this transformation, outstanding among them: the influence of lean production practices, the new types of relationships among companies in the supply chain, the e-business boom, the presence of more specialized suppliers due to technological advancements and to global competition itself. All of these aspects have caused an organizational restructuring in the companies. Ser against this scenario, this work studies the evolution of purchasing taking into account the existing interdependence at the levels of producing, buying and supplying which, based on a given product design, has affected the way purchasing is organized and how it operates within the company and in connection with the supply chain. Concepts such as design headquarters, production headquarters, modular production, production outsourcing - just in time among them - are dealt with in this work as a type of background for the new configuration of purchasing analyzed at two assemblers of the ABC district in São Paulo that centralize the purchasing of productive materials for the remaining plants located in Brazil. This study aims to make a scientific contribution by showing the purchasing configuration of companies which adopt modern practices both in supply management and in the relationship with the supplier, analyzing the new role of purchasing, whose activities go beyond the typical price and deadline negotiations, and which require the upgrade of the purchaser’s profile and qualifications.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:51:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissTPB.pdf: 1324019 bytes, checksum: 501c39db9baca124ad19a1bca5fd5228 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-02-24 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The importance of supply management for the automotive assemblers is justified by the contribution to the success of their business strategies, since more efficient supply operations would guarantee the profitability of these companies. Such operations are based in the supply of parts and components with the wanted quality, in the requested amount, in the stipulated period and at competitive costs. This work intended to study the way as two assemblers of Brazilian automotive industry are managing their respective supply bases, identifying the peculiar characteristics of supply management strategies and the way as these companies coordinate the relationships with their suppliers and influence the actions taken by them. For this, firstly a bibliographical research was accomplished to base the elaboration of a theoretical reference to developing a knowledge both of the theme and of the studied industry, besides establishing a conceptual structure used in the field research, which was composed by exploratory and qualitative case studies, accomplished in each analyzed company. After the description of the individual case studies, the obtained results were crossed and compared in order to identify similarities and differences among the companies. It was verified that the eastern assembler studied is more involved with the supply management activities in comparison with the western assembler, consolidated in Brazilian automobile industry. This perception results of its largest influence and participation about the operations of its suppliers, direct or indirect, by assuming the control of acquisition activities in the supply chain and to worry with their profitability. The western assembler, however, just maintain a larger involvement with its direct suppliers, besides not developing politics able to guarantee their operational profitability. / A importância da gestão de suprimentos para as empresas montadoras pertencentes à indústria automobilística deve-se a sua contribuição para o êxito de suas estratégias de negócio, já que operações de fornecimento mais eficientes garantiriam a lucratividade destas empresas. Tais operações se fundamentam no suprimento de peças e componentes com a qualidade desejada, na quantidade requerida, no prazo estipulado e a custos competitivos. Este trabalho propôs-se a estudar o modo como duas empresas montadoras pertencentes ao setor automotivo brasileiro gerenciam suas respectivas bases de fornecimento, identificando as características peculiares dos modelos de gestão adotados e o modo como estas empresas coordenam os relacionamentos com seus fornecedores e influenciam as ações tomadas por eles. Para o cumprimento desse objetivo, primeiramente foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica capaz de fundamentar a elaboração de um referencial teórico com o intuito de desenvolver um conhecimento aprofundado do tema e do setor industrial estudado e também de estabelecer uma estrutura conceitual voltada à pesquisa de campo, a qual foi composta por estudos de caso de caráter exploratório e qualitativo realizados em cada uma das empresas analisadas. Após a descrição dos estudos de caso individuais, foi feito um cruzamento dos resultados obtidos, os quais foram comparados a fim de identificar similaridades e diferenças entre as empresas. Constatou-se que, entre as montadoras estudadas, aquela de origem oriental estudada se mostra mais envolvida com as atividades referentes à gestão de suprimentos em comparação à montadora ocidental já consolidada na indústria automobilística brasileira. Tal percepção resulta de sua maior influência e participação sobre as operações de seus fornecedores, sejam eles diretos ou indiretos, ao assumir o controle das atividades de aquisição na cadeia e se preocupar com a lucratividade destes. A montadora ocidental, ao contrário, limita-se a manter um maior envolvimento apenas com seus fornecedores diretos, além de não desenvolver políticas voltadas para a garantia de lucratividade operacional deles.

Todo e qualquer empreendimento começa a se materializar na área suprimentos de uma empresa, sendo a principal função de esta área adquirir os materiais e serviços que compõem os empreendimentos. A gestão de suprimentos estabelecida para um determinado empreendimento pode fazer com que este tenha, ou não, um bom desempenho, bem como possibilitar que a execução seja mais eficiente e eficaz. Esta gestão, além de ser a mais adequada para a execução do empreendimento, deve também refletir a estratégia da organização, para que seja garantida a vantagem competitiva escolhida. Dada a sua importância, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo identificar as principais diretrizes envolvidas para a implantação da gestão estratégica de suprimentos em empresas construtoras. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a respeito dos temas: gestão da cadeia de suprimentos, gestão de suprimentos e gestão estratégica de suprimentos. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo das características do setor da construção e de suas respectivas gestão da cadeia de suprimentos e gestão de suprimentos. Para que fossem identificadas as diretrizes, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica a cerca dos processos envolvidos na gestão estratégica de suprimentos, em geral. As diretrizes foram então identificadas considerando as características do setor da construção, bem como os processos da gestão estratégica de suprimentos investigados. Ao final desta pesquisa são apresentadas as conclusões e sugestões para pesquisas futuras. Com a identificação destas diretrizes, espera-se contribuir para que a gestão de suprimentos em empresas construtoras seja tratada, cada vez mais, de forma estratégica, agregando valor ao processo construtivo e conseguindo tornar factíveis alguns conceitos da gestão da cadeia de suprimentos. / All and any project starts to turn real in the purchasing department, which has the main function of supplying the projects materials and services. The supply management established for a project can determine its performance as well as make the constructions more efficient and effective. This management must even be the most appropriated to the construction; either reflects the organization strategy to ensure the chosen competitive advantage. Due to its importance, this research objective is to identify the main guidelines involved at the strategic sourcing implementation in construction companies. At first, a bibliographical research was accomplished considering the themes: supply chain management, supply management and strategic sourcing. Afterwards, it was made a study about the characteristics of the construction industry and its supply chain management and supply management. In order to identify the guidelines, it was made a bibliographic research about the strategic sourcing processes. The guidelines were identified considering the construction industry characteristics and the strategic sourcing processes searched. At the end of this research, are presented the conclusions and the suggestions to orientate further researches. By the guidelines identification, it is expected to contribute to contractors supply management to be, more than ever, administered with a strategic view, adding value to the construction process and making feasible some supply chain management constructs.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa tem como proposta analisar as contribuições que os ERP\'s promovem no suporte às atividades gerenciais de uma área de compras em uma empresa de manufatura. Para alcançar este resultado o trabalho foi dividido em duas fases, sendo uma análise conceitual, onde o pesquisador estuda o modelo de referência para os processos de compras adotados em empresas proposto pela APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society), comparando com relação ao modelo de referência do software de gestão empresarial (ERP) selecionado para a pesquisa. Nesta análise, são identificados os pontos de aderência e onde o ERP não cobre as atividades de compras (gerenciais). O resultado da análise conceitual é uma matriz (Matriz - Análise de Aderência - Análise das Atividades do Modelo de Referência - APICS versus Funcionalidades do sistema) e uma análise descritiva sobre a aplicabilidade das funcionalidades do sistema nos sub-processos do modelo de referência. Com a análise conceitual, parte-se então para uma análise prática, aonde através da aplicação de um estudo de caso é feita uma análise de como as empresas de manufatura estão utilizando os ERP\'s como suporte às atividades gerenciais relacionadas aos processos de compras. Na análise prática é feita uma análise descritiva sobre a aplicabilidade das funcionalidades do sistema nos sub-processos de compras da empresa. O resultado alcançado deste presente trabalho é uma análise detalhada das contribuições que os ERP\'s podem oferecer no suporte às atividades gerenciais nos processos de compras. / This research has a proposal to analyze the contributions that the ERP\'s promote in the support to the management activities of an purchasing organization in a manufacture company. To reach this result the work was divided in two phases, having been a conceptual analysis, where the researcher studies the reference model for the procurement process adopted in companies considered by the APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society), comparing with relation with the reference model of the software of enterprise management (ERP) chosen for the research. In this analysis, the tack points are identified and where the ERP has not covered the activities of procurement (Management activities). The result of the conceptual analysis is a matrix (Matrix - Analysis of Tack - Analysis of the Activities of the Reference Model - APICS versus Functionalities of the System) and a descriptive analysis on the applicability of the functionalities of the system in the sub-processes of the reference model. With the conceptual analysis, it has been broken then for a practical analysis, where through the application of a case study is made an analysis of as the manufacture companies are using the ERP\'s as it has supported to the related management activities to the procurement processes. In the practical analysis a descriptive analysis on the applicability of the functionalities of the system in the sub-processes of procurement of the company is made. Thereached result of this research is a detailed analysis of the contributions that the ERPs can offer in the support to the management activities in the processes of procurement.