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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Impact of Intensive-Care-Unit(ICU)-Acquired Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia(VAP) on Hospital Mortality : A Matched-Paired Case-Control Study

Uno, Hideo, Takezawa, Jun, Yatsuya, Hiroshi, Suka, Machi, Yoshida, Katsumi 01 1900 (has links)
No description available.
12

Directness of transport to a level I trauma center impact on mortality in patients with major trauma /

Garwe, Tabitha. January 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oklahoma. / Includes bibliographical references.
13

Acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico: fatores preditores de mortalidade hospitalar e incapacidade / Ischemic stroke: independent predictors for hospital mortality and disability.

Ítalo Souza Oliveira Santos 23 May 2013 (has links)
Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é a maior causa de morte no Brasil e um dos maiores responsáveis por incapacitação e invalidez. Existem informações insuficientes quanto aos principais fatores associados à ocorrência de óbito nos pacientes vítimas desta enfermidade. Alguns escores preditores foram desenvolvidos porém não foram validados em população brasileira até o momento. Uma das ações mais importantes na redução do ônus do AVC é o atendimento sistematizado destes pacientes de forma mulltidisciplinar em Unidades de AVC (UAVC) com potencial aumento do uso da terapia trombolítica, além da estratificação dos pacientes, possibilitando decisões terapêuticas mais precoces. Este estudo traz informações sobre o perfil epidemiológico dos pacientes admitidos na UAVC do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), bem como identifica fatores preditores de mortalidade e incapacidade até a alta hospitalar e busca validar o Escore de Risco do Registro da Rede Canadense de AVC (IScore), possibilitando a utilização desta ferramenta na estratificação de risco de morte e incapacidade em uma população distinta daquela originalmente realizada. Objetivos: avaliar perfil clínico-epidemiológico dos pacientes e identificar fatores preditores independentes de mortalidade e incapacidade (primários); validar o iScore para morte ou incapacidade e desenvolver um escore na amostra para morte e incapacidade (secundários). Métodos: Foram selecionados pacientes consecutivos admitidos na Unidade de AVC do HGF entre novembro de 2009 até maio de 2012 com diagnóstico clínico de AVC isquêmico. Os dados foram coletados por equipe treinada e através de um formulário específico. Foi realizada análise univariada (método do quiquadrado) e análise multivariada (com regressão logística, stepwise forwardbackward) para descrição das características e identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho. Teste de correlação de Pearson e curva ROC foram utilizados para medidas de correlação e desempenho dos escores prognósticos. Resultados: no período entre novembro de 2009 e maio de 2012 foram elegíveis 1433 pacientes, sendo 780 analisados. Houve predomíno do sexo masculino e a média de idade (± desvio padrão) foi de 66,1 anos (± 15,44). A forma de apresentação mais comum foi a fraqueza muscular (653 pacientes, 83,6%). O desfecho combinado ocorreu em 423 pacientes (45,8%) e 40 pacientes (5,1%) morreram. Foram identificados 8 fatores preditores independentes para o desfecho. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho, com AUC de 0,797 e Correlação de Pearson de 0,989. Conclusão: Pacientes com AVCi tem altas taxas de incapacidade ou morte até a alta de uma unidade de AVC. Medidas populacionais de informação tem potencial para reduzir a ocorrência dos desfechos. Foram identificados oito fatores preditores de mortalidade ou incapacidade. O iScore apresentou bom desempenho na amostra e pode ser utilizado com acurácia na população brasileira como ferramenta prognóstica. / Intoduction: Stroke is the leading cause of death and one of the most important disease associated with disability in Brazil. There is insufficient information about factors associated with death in stroke patients. Some death risk score has been developed, but none of them were applied in the Brazilian population yet. One of the most important actions to be done to reduce the burden of the stroke is the multidisciplinary assessment of the patients in stroke units (UAVC), with the potential to improve the thrombolytic therapy utilization and the early stratification of patients, allowing earlier treatment decisions. The present study, provides information on the epidemiological profile of patients admitted to the stroke unit in the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF), identifies predictors of in-hospital mortality and disability and seeks to validate the IScore, allowing the use of this tool to stratify the risk of death and disability in a population different from that which was originally derived. Objectives: to evaluate patient epidemiologic and clinical patterns and factors independently associated with death and disability at hospital discharge (primary objectives); to validate the iScore fitness to predict mortality and/or disability and to develop a new risk score to predict mortality and disability at discharge (secondary objectives). Methods: all consecutive patients admitted to the Hospital Geral de Fortaleza Stroke Unit since November 2009 until May 2012 were elegible. Data were collected by a trained team and by using a specific clinical research form. Univariable analysis (by chi-square test) followed by multivariable analysis (with logistic regression) were performed to identify and establish the variables associated with the outcome (death or disability at hospital discharge). Additionally, Pearson correlation test and ROC curve to measure the iScore correlation and discrimination ability were conducted. Results: a total of 1433 patients were selected and 781 considered eligible were included for the analysis. Male gender were more frequent; mean age was 66,1 (± 15,44). The most common clinical pattern at hospital arrival was \"weakness\" (653 pacientes, 83,6%). Outcome occurred in 423 patients (58,6%) and 40 patients (5,1%) had died. Eight factors were independently associated with outcome. The iScore had good performance, with AUC of 0,797 and Pearson Correlation Test of 0,985. Conclusion: Stroke patients have substantial rate of death or disability at hospital discharge. Populationbased strategies to inform about the signs and symptoms of stroke have potential to decrease this rate. Eight factors were identified as predictors of death or disability and might be used to support patient risk stratification. The iScore had a good performance in the sample and can be used with accuracy as a prognostic tool in Brazil.
14

The epidemiology and volume-outcome relationship of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for respiratory failure in Japan: A retrospective observational study using a national administrative database / 我が国における呼吸不全に対する体外式膜型人工肺(ECMO)の疫学とボリューム-アウトカム関係:全国的管理データベースを用いた後ろ向き観察研究

Muguruma, Kohei 25 May 2020 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第22649号 / 社医博第109号 / 新制||社医||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 川上 浩司, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM
15

New outcome-specific comorbidity scores excelled in predicting in-hospital mortality and healthcare charges in administrative databases / 医療系データベースを用いた院内死亡および医療費の予測における新たなアウトカム別併存疾患指数の優秀性

Shin, Jung-Ho 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第23118号 / 社医博第114号 / 新制||社医||11(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 黒田 知宏 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM
16

Development and Validation of an Acute Heart Failure-Specific Mortality Predictive Model Based on Administrative Data / 急性心不全の死亡予測モデルの開発と検証 --DPCデータを用いた解析

Sasaki, Noriko 24 March 2014 (has links)
京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(社会健康医学) / 甲第18191号 / 社医博第52号 / 新制||社医||8(附属図書館) / 31049 / 京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻 / (主査)教授 中山 健夫, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 木村 剛 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Public Health / Kyoto University / DFAM
17

Sepsis- när varje minut räknas : En litteraturstudie om screeningverktyg för tidig upptäckt av sepsis / Sepsis- when every minute counts : A literature study on screening tools for early detection of sepsis

Holmbom, Lovisa, Wiklund, Lovisa January 2022 (has links)
Bakgrund: Sepsis är ett livshotande hälsotillstånd som kännetecknas av organdysfunktion med olika allvarlighetsgrader. En förutsättning för överlevnad är tidig upptäckt. Sjuksköterskan har en betydande ansvarsroll och bör tillämpa relevanta screeningverktyg i sin bedömning. Vanliga screeningverktyg som används för att upptäcka sepsis är NEWS, MEWS, qSOFA och SIRS.   Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att kartlägga screeningverktyg med förmågan att tidigt upptäcka sepsis och förutse sjukhusdödlighet av sepsis hos vuxna. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvantitativa vetenskapliga studier. Sökprocessen av artiklarna genomfördes i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Valda studier har genomgått kvalitetsgranskning utifrån Olsson och Sörensens bedömningsmall för kvantitativa studier. Resultat: Litteraturstudiens resultat delades upp i två tabeller; screeningverktygens förmåga att upptäcka sepsis och screeningverktygens förmåga att förutse sjukhusdödlighet vid sepsis. NEWS ansågs vara screeningverktyget med sammantaget högst sensitivitet och specificitet samtidigt. SIRS visade generellt på hög sensitivitet, medan qSOFA gav höga värden för specificitet. Konklusion: Inget av det studerade screeningverktygen visade på optimal förmåga. Resultatet föreslår ytterligare forskning för att skapa ett optimalt screeningverktyg som enkelt kan tillämpas för olika vårdkontexter, åldersgrupper och allvarlighetsgrader av sepsis. / Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening health condition that is characterized by organ dysfunction with different severities. Early detection of sepsis is important for survival. Nurse holds a key position and should use relevant screening tools to identify sepsis. Common screening tools are NEWS, MEWS, qSOFA and SIRS. Aim: The aim of the literature study was to map screening tools with the ability to detect sepsis early and predict hospital mortality from sepsis in adults. Methods: A literature study based on nine quantitative scientific studies. The search process of the articles was carried out in the databases Pubmed and Cinahl. The studies were reviewed for quality based on Olsson and Sörensen’s review template for quantitative studies.  Results: The results of this literature study were divided into two templates; the screening tools’ ability to identify sepsis and the screening tools’ ability to predict in-hospital mortality. NEWS had the highest sensitivity and specificity at the same time. SIRS generally showed high sensitivity, while qSOFA performed high specificity.   Conclusion: None of the studied screening tools showed optimal ability. The results suggest further research to create an optimal screening tool that easily can be adapted in different care environments, age groups and stages of sepsis.
18

Impact of the level of sickness on higher mortality in emergency medical admissions to hospital at weekends

Mohammed, Mohammed A., Faisal, Muhammad, Richardson, D., Howes, R., Beatson, K., Wright, J., Speed, K. 25 August 2020 (has links)
Yes / Routine administrative data have been used to show that patients admitted to hospitals over the weekend appear to have a higher mortality compared to weekday admissions. Such data do not take the severity of sickness of a patient on admission into account. Our aim was to incorporate a standardized vital signs physiological-based measure of sickness known as the National Early Warning Score to investigate if weekend admissions are: sicker as measured by their index National Early Warning Score; have an increased mortality; and experience longer delays in the recording of their index National Early Warning Score. Methods: We extracted details of all adult emergency medical admissions during 2014 from hospital databases and linked these with electronic National Early Warning Score data in four acute hospitals. We analysed 47,117 emergency admissions after excluding 1657 records, where National Early Warning Score was missing or the first (index) National Early Warning Score was recorded outside ±24 h of the admission time. Results: Emergency medical admissions at the weekend had higher index National Early Warning Score (weekend: 2.53 vs. weekday: 2.30, p
19

O fluxo de paciente séptico dentro da instituição como fator prognóstico independente de letalidade / The route of septic patients as an independent prognostic factor for mortality

Shiramizo, Sandra Christina Pereira Lima 18 September 2014 (has links)
Sepse é causa comum de óbito, e vários fatores prognósticos têm sido identificados. Entretanto, é possível que a rota do paciente séptico no hospital também tenha efeito sobre o prognóstico. Nosso objetivo foi verificar se a rota do paciente séptico antes da admissão na UTI tem efeito sobre a letalidade hospitalar. Métodos Foi realizado um estudo de coorte retrospectiva com 489 pacientes com sepse grave ou choque séptico (idade >=18 anos), internados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Analisamos se a rota está associada a mortalidade hospitalar usando modelo de regressão de Cox com variância robusta. Resultados Dos 489 pacientes, 207 (42,3%) foram diagnosticados com sepse na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento (UPA), 185 (37,8%) em unidade de internação clínica ou cirúrgica (Clínica Médica Cirúrgica - CMC), 56 (13,3%) em Unidade Semi-Intensiva (USI) e 32 (6,5%) em Unidade Terapia Intensiva.(UTI). A maioria (56,6%) dos pacientes era do sexo masculino, a idade média foi de 66,3 anos, 39,8% tinham APACHE II de 25 ou mais, e 77,5% tinham o diagnóstico de choque séptico. A letalidade foi 41,9%. Na análise multivariada com ajuste para diversos fatores prognósticos, incluindo tempo de internação hospitalar antes da admissão na UTI, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no risco de óbito entre pacientes com sepse grave diagnosticada na UPA ou CMC (risco relativo [RR] 1,36; intervalo de confiança [IC] 95% 1,00 a 1,83). Porém, o risco de óbito hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes em que a sepse grave foi diagnosticada na USI ou UTI (RR 1,64; IC 95% 1,20 a 2,25). Conclusão A mortalidade dos pacientes com sepse grave ou choque séptico atendidos na CMC é similar à de pacientes com sepse diagnosticada na UPA. Entretanto, o risco de óbito hospitalar foi maior nos pacientes que desenvolveram sepse na USI ou UTI / Sepsis is a common cause of death. Several predictors of hospital mortality have been identified. However, it is possible that the route the septic patient takes within the hospital may also affect endpoints. Thus, our main objective was to verify whether the routes of septic patients before being admitted to ICU affect their in-hospital mortality. Methods Retrospective cohort study of 489 patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (age >= 18 years) admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. We analyzed the impact of route on in-hospital mortality using Cox regression with robust variance. Results Of 489 patients, 207 (42.3%) presented with severe sepsis in the ED, 185 (37.8%) were diagnosed with severe sepsis in the ward, 56 (13.3%) in the step down unit and 32 (6.5%) in the ICU. The mortality rate was 41.9%. The mean age was 66.3 years, and 56.6% were men. APACHE II scores were >25 in 39.8% of patients, and 77.5% were diagnosed with septic shock. In the multivariate analysis, with adjustment for several prognostic factors including length of hospital stay before ICU admission, there was no statistically significant difference in the risk of death between patients who had severe sepsis diagnosed in the ED compared to CMC (relative risk [RR] 1,36; IC 95% 1,00 a 1,83). However, the risk of death was increased in patients who had severe sepsis diagnosed in the step-down unit or ICU (RR 1,64; IC 95% 1,20 a 2,25). Conclusion Patients who have severe sepsis or septic shock diagnosed in the CMC have in-hospital mortality similar to those who present with severe sepsis or septic shock in the ED. However, patients who develop severe sepsis in the step-down unit or ICU have higher mortality
20

Gravidade do trauma e probabilidade de sobrevida em pacientes internados / Injury Severity and Survival Probability in Inpatients

Iveth Yamaguchi Whitaker 05 September 2000 (has links)
Estudos de morbidade por causas externas são escassos em virtude da dificuldade de obtenção de dados para sua realização. Ainda mais escassos são aqueles que examinam a gravidade do trauma com vistas a determinar sua magnitude e repercussão na assistência aos que sofreram os agravos. O estudo apresenta a análise descritiva retrospectiva sobre a morbi-mortalidade hospitalar por causas externas com o uso de medidas objetivas para avaliação da gravidade do trauma e probabilidade de sobrevida. Os índices utilizados para mensurar a gravidade do trauma foram o sistema Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) /Injury Severity Score (ISS) e o Revised Trauma Score(RTS). Para calcular a probabilidade de sobrevida (Ps), usou-se o TRauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS). A população do estudo foi constituída por 1.781 pacientes de causas externas internados no Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no ano de 1998. Do total de pacientes, 30,15% foram internados em decorrência de acidente de transporte, 24,32% por agressões e 17,24% por quedas. A população foi constituída, predominantemente, por pacientes do sexo masculino e jovens entre 15 e 39 anos. Entre os pacientes, 43,34% foram provenientes da cena do evento e 39,08% transferidos de outros hospitais. O atendimento pré-hospitalar foi realizado em tempo médio de 49 minutos à maioria daqueles que vieram diretos da cena do evento. A mortalidade hospitalar foi 12,63%, e nas primeiras 24 horas morreram 64,01%. A maioria das causas externas foi classificada em trauma contuso (61,42%), seguido de penetrante (23,24%). A mensuração da gravidade da lesão foi possível para 1.542 (86,58%) pacientes de acordo com o Manual AIS e resultou em 4.918 lesões decorrentes, predominantemente, de trauma contuso (75,79%), mais freqüentes na região da cabeça (28,12%) seguida da face (22,00%). A média de lesões por paciente foi 3,19. Em relação à gravidade, verificou-se que lesões leves (AIS 1) foram freqüentes na face (45,03%) e as lesões sérias (AIS 3), graves (AIS 4) e críticas (AIS 5) foram mais freqüentes na região da cabeça, 43,21%, 75,00% e 69,82%, respectivamente. A gravidade do trauma (ISS) com base na gravidade das lesões (AIS), foi calculada para 1.527 (99,02%) pacientes. A maioria (65,75%) foi classificada com escores ISS <16. No grupo de sobreviventes, predominaram os escores ISS <16 (76,32%) e, no grupo de óbitos, os escores ISS >16 (96,40%), indicativos de trauma importante. A média do ISS em trauma contuso foi 13,08 e em penetrante, 11,97. A gravidade do trauma na fase pré-hospitalar verificada por meio do RTStriagem foi possível para 228 (49,14%) pacientes. Entre os sobreviventes, 94,93% obtiveram escore 12, indicativo de condição fisiológica inalterada e 93,75% dos óbitos obtiveram escore zero, ausência de resposta fisiológica. O TRISS calculado para uma amostra de 241 pacientes, revelou dez casos de morte inesperada ou evitável pela metodologia PREliminary outcome-based evaluation(PRE). Além disso, os valores da estatística Z e W tanto para trauma contuso quanto penetrante, indicaram que os resultados da amostra foram estatisticamente diferentes em relação à população do Major Trauma Outcome Study. Ajustados os coeficientes do TRISS para a amostra deste estudo, observou-se por meio do método PRE que em trauma contuso, ocorreram cinco mortes inesperadas ou evitáveis e uma sobrevida inesperada. Em trauma penetrante, ocorreu uma morte inesperada ou evitável e não houve casos de sobrevida inesperada. Espera-se que este estudo ofereça subsídios para ações preventivas e melhoria da qualidade da assistência aos pacientes hospitalizados em decorrência das causas externas. / Studies on morbidity resulting from external causes are scarce, due to the difficulty of gathering data for this purpose. Even scarcer are those studies analysing injury severity´s magnitude and consequences in relation to the care of trauma patients. This study presents a retrospective descriptive analysis of hospital morbidity and mortality due to external causes by applying objective measurements of injury severity and survival probability. The indexes used to measure injury severity consisted of the \"Abbreviated Injury Scale\" (AIS), the \"Injury Severity Score\" (ISS), and the \" Revised Trauma Score\" (RTS). So as to calculate probability of survival (Ps), the \"Trauma and Injury Severity Score\" (TRISS) was applied. The target population in this study consisted of 1,781 external-cause inpatients at the Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo in 1998. Out of those patients, 30.15% were hospitalized as a result of transportation accidents, 24.32% of aggression and 17.24% of falls. This population mainly included young male-sex patients aged 15-39. Among these, 43.34% came from the injury scene and 39.08% were transfered from other hospitals. Prehospital time took 49 minutes in average for the majority of field patients. Hospital mortality reached 12.63%, out of which cases 64.01% died within the first 24 hours. Most external-cause types were classified as blunt trauma (61.42%), followed by penetrating trauma (23.24%). According to the AIS Manual, injury severity was possible for 1,542 (86.58%) patients; data showed 4,918 injuries of predominant blunt trauma ( 75.79%), being it most frequent in the head (28.12%), and followed by that on the face (22.00%). Average injury per patient was of 3.19. In relation to severity it was verified that minor injuries (AIS 1) were frequent on the face (45.03%) and the serious ones (AIS 3), the severe ones (AIS 4) and the critical ones (AIS 5) were more frequent in the head: 43.21%, 75.00% and 69.82%, respectively. Injury Severity Score was calculated for 1,527 (99.02%) patients. The majority (65.75%) was classified with scores ISS <16. For the survival group scores ISS <16 predominated (76.32%) and in the death group scores reached ISS >16 (96.40%), indicating major trauma. Average ISS in blunt trauma was 13.08 and 11.97 in penetrating trauma. Injury severity in prehospital care, verified through RTS - in a triage of 228 (49.14%) patients - showed that 94.93% of survivors obtained score 12, indicating unaltered physiological condition, and that 93.75% of deaths obtained score zero, lack of physiological response. TRISS, calculated for 241 patients, indicated 10 unexpected deaths through PREliminary outcome-base evaluation (PRE) methodology. Furthermore, \"Z\" and \"W\" statistics, for both blunt and penetrating trauma, pointed out that sample results differed in relation to the \"Major Trauma Outcome Study\" ´s population. Once TRISS coefficients were adjusted to the sample in this study, it was observed, through the PRE method, that in blunt trauma five unexpected deaths and one unexpected survival occurred. There was one unexpected death in penetrating trauma. It is hoped that this study may offer means for preventive actions and assurance of the quality of care for inpatients due to external causes.

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