Individuals and organisations need to do much more if sustainable development is to be achieved. Appropriate environmental vocational education and training (EVET) is essential for current decision makers. Crucial decisions need to be made before the present generation of school and college students achieve significant positions of authority. An increasing range of EVET courses and course providers are available within the UK. However, availability is not synonymous with suitability for either the attendee and/or his/her (future) employer. Previous research indicates that, as a component of lifelong learning, EVET courses should and the methods used to evaluate them should be student-centred. This thesis describes the development and validation of a new studentcentred evaluation framework. Preliminary literature reviews identified six fundamental issues which needed to be addressed. Existing academically productive evaluation models were examined and critically appraised in the context of these problems. The output from this process was used to develop a bespoke research methodology. Empirical research on four commercial EVET programmes revealed distinct personal, teaching and work-based presage factors which influenced course attendance, individual learning and subsequent organisational learning. Modified versions of Biggs¿ 3P model and Kirkpatrick¿s Four level Evaluation Model were shown to provide an effective student-centred evaluation framework for EVET courses. Additional critical elements pertaining course utility and the student¿s long(er) term ii retention of knowledge/skill were derived from previous research by Alliger et al (1997). Work-based presage factors and the student¿s return on expectation were added as a direct consequence of this research. The resultant new framework, the Presage-Product Evaluation Framework, was positively received during an independent validation. This confirmed inter alia that the framework should also be capable of adaption for use with other VET courses. Recommendations for additional research focus on the need to demonstrate this through further empirical studies.

As ações educacionais ofertadas em ambientes de trabalho buscam suprir uma demanda crescente para atender novas exigências de desenvolvimento de competências individuais e organizacionais em contextos de diferente natureza. A análise dos resultados produzidos e da eficácia desses eventos instrucionais é de fundamental importância para verificar se os trabalhadores alcançaram aprendizagem satisfatória e se estão conseguindo aplicar o que aprenderam nos locais de trabalho. Nesse sentido, a identificação e a avaliação de resultados produzidos por meio de relatos empíricos trariam contribuições significativas para suprir lacunas de pesquisa. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar uma ação educacional ofertadas a distância, visando relacionar a transferência dos conhecimentos, habilidade e atitudes (CHAs) aprendidos para o ambiente de trabalho com as características da clientela (dados sociodemográficos, e Estratégias de aprendizagem) e às Reações ao curso. A organização parceira oferece um curso a distância para funcionários de bibliotecas públicas do estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta dos dados, foram aplicados virtualmente os questionários de Estratégias de aprendizagem, Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais, Reação ao desempenho do tutor, os quais, anteriormente à coleta de dados, sofreram modificações para se adequarem às especificidades do contexto no qual ele foi aplicado. Também foi feita a aplicação do instrumento Transferência de treinamento, que foi construído de acordo com os objetivos instrucionais do curso. Para constatar as evidências de validade do instrumento, foram realizadas análises exploratórias fatoriais (Principal Components e Principal Axis Factoring) e de consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach). Todas as escalas são estaticamente válidas e confiáveis. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os participantes, durante o curso, fizeram uso principalmente das estratégias de aprendizagem Busca de ajuda ao material didático, Controle da emoção e Controle da compreensão. Os participantes apresentaram, em sua maioria, reações positivas ao curso e foram capazes de transferir a maioria do conteúdo aprendido para o ambiente de trabalho. Análises complementares, realizadas por meio de Teste T e ANOVA, não apresentaram resultados significativas. Em contrapartida, as análises de correlação mostraram uma correlação positiva entre a Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e a Transferência de treinamento. Tais achados mostram a importância das Estratégias de aprendizagem para cursos dessa natureza. E apontam a Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais como variável relevante para a ocorrência da Transferência de treinamento. Mais estudos são necessários para sistematizar conhecimentos sobre Transferência de treinamento em organizações públicas e ampliar as discussões acerca da eficácia e aplicabilidade da modalidade EAD. / The educational actions offered in work environments seek to fulfill a growing demand for development of new individual and organizational skills in distinct contexts. The analysis of results and effectiveness of instructional events is relevant in order to verify how much the workers learned and if they are able to apply the acquired knowledge at the workplace. Respecting this, the evaluation and identification of the results obtained by research reports yielded relevant contributions to fill the research gaps. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate distance educational actions, seeking to link the transfer of acquired knowledge, skills and attitudes to the workplace with the characteristics of the clients (sociodemographic data and Learning Strategies) and Reactions to the course. The partner organization offers a distance course to employees of public libraries of the state of São Paulo. The data was collect through Learning Strategies, Reaction to the instructional procedures and Reaction to the tutor performance forms applied virtually and adapted to the context of this research. The Transfer of Training instrument was also applied and built according to the instructional objectives of the course. In order to find the evidences to validate the instrument, factorial exploratory (Principal Components and Principal Axis Factoring) and intern consistency (Cronbachs Alpha) analysis were made. All the scales are statically valid and reliable. The results showed that the Learning Strategies mainly used by the students during the course was Help search to the courseware, Emotional control and Understanding control. The participants presented mostly positive reactions to the course and were able to transfer most of the content to the workplace. Complementary analysis made with Students T-Test and ANOVA did not show relevant results. Correlation analysis was positive in relating Reaction to the instructional procedures and Transfer of training. This findings show the relevance of the Learning Strategies to this type of course and point the Reaction to the instructional procedures as a relevant variable to Transfer of training. Further studies are needed to systematize the knowledge about Transfer of Training and public organizations and extend the discussion about effectiveness and applicability of Distance Education (DE).

筆者有感於人力資源發展之重要性，以及訓練乃為現代企業組織人力資源之重要途徑之一，故為達以下諸目的而導引本項研究： 一、探討訓練相關名詞意義及其內容。 二、探討訓練相關概念、理論及模式。 三、探討訓練評估之理論模式。 四、訓練評估之實證調查與分析─探討中華電信國際分公司辦理員工訓練 之成效。 五、展望未來─透過訓練成效評估，發展人力資源之建議與結論。 我國電信三法通過後，百年老店的電信事業於民國八十五年七月一日起改為國營公司型態，其面臨產業間其他電信公司的競爭，角色由百年老店之獨佔者，蛻變為自由開放市場之競爭者，其所屬員工如何運用訓練途徑，培養第二專長訓練，以及如何藉由訓練途徑發展人力、發展組織，使能因應組織變遷，讓人力資源獲最佳之效用，乃是本文實證分析之重點。 為深入了解人力發展、訓練途徑以及訓練成效、訓練移轉現況，筆者採取實證調查方式，編製問卷於民國八十八年四月十六日至四月廿六日對中華電信國際分公司員工進行抽樣調查，樣本為450份，問卷回收336份，回收率為75%，並將調查所得資料進行統計分析及彙整，期了解訓練成效，並提出改進建議。 本研究特針對中華電信國際分公司所開辦之訓練課程，包括：1.資訊電腦類2.外國語文類3.通信技術類4.企業管理類，於課程結束後對受訓學員施予問卷調查之評估。經研究調查後，有以下主要發現： 一、在各種不同課程之整體滿意度方面 以通信技術類整體滿意度最高；其次為外國語文類；值得重視的 是，資訊電腦類，因為電腦設備不足，其成效打折扣。此外，將整體 滿意度與性別做交叉分析、卡方檢定，發現男性受訓者對訓練整體滿 意度較高。 二、在整體不滿意度訓練原因方面 本研究問卷針對訓練成效反應不滿意、沒意見者，開放複選題方 式填答，每人最多可勾選三項原因，統計分析如下：認為名額太少或 班次太少所佔比率最高；其次為工作忙無法全程參與；最後為未能配 合現在工作需要。此外，不滿意之其他原因，依受訪者自己填答者， 分別有：開課資訊未能普遍知會各單位、公司限制人數、次數，每班 上課學員太多，上課期間無人代理業務，時間過短，師資不夠專業、 缺專用訓練教室及訓練設備（電腦）等原因，頗值得決策當局重視與 改善。 三、在訓練需求分析方面 1.就未來訓練課程規劃方面，員工期待未來訓練課程須能配合公司未 來發展需要，員工個人現在工作技能之加強及員工個人未來工作轉 換之需要等均佔極高之百分比，其中尤以配合未來發展需要最高。 另外，由員工自行填答者，有加強對全體員工熟悉公司各項業務， 應對全體員工全面施行第二專長訓練而非特定對象（少數單位或少 數員工）等，足供該公司未來訓練方案規劃時之參考。 2.未來極需培訓訓練課程種類方面，員工期待未來亟需培訓訓練課程 種類，四種需求性均分佈相當，顯示國際分公司面臨組織變遷趨 勢，員工對於各種訓練課程之需求甚殷，其中以外國語文類領先， 其次為企業管理類、與資訊電腦類並列第二，再是通信技術類。 3.就極須培訓之外國語文課程方面，依次為英語、日語。 4.就極須培訓之通信技術課程方面，依次為數據通信、衛星通信、光 纖通信、線路交換。 5.就極須培訓之企業管理課程方面，依次為行銷能力、客戶服務、市 場調查分析與管理才能、商品廣告與企業形象、會議與談判技巧。 6.就極須培訓之資訊電腦類課程方面，依次為INTERNET 、電腦概 論、MS-WORD、 MS-EXCEL、MS-ACCESS、MS-POWERPOINT。 以上調查顯示受訪者對於未來訓練之需求性甚高，各類課程之需求分 析足供管理當局作為未來訓練方案規劃之參考。 四、在受訓者學習行為層次方面 就受訓者學習行為層次方面，整體課程中受訓者對於所學習知識、技能暨改進工作態度、可將所學應用在工作行為方面，均表示極高的同意。其中以外國語文類課程所獲的同意度最高。 本研究的主要建議如下： 一、整體訓練方面 整體訓練滿意度顯示極高滿意度，惟仍有少數受訪者認為有下列因素 待改進： 1、建議籌設專用訓練教室 2、建議改善訓練設施，增添訓練器具，如電腦、投射器………等。 3、配合受訓者之需求，適度增加訓練時數。 4、建議對授課講師，提供專業性授課技巧之學習訓練。 5、建議派訓單位之主管應切實執行業務代理制度，使每位員工均能安 心、專心地學習。 6、建議每班上課人數仍應適當外，對於眾多訓練需求者，宜妥善衡酌參 訓候選人在工作上應用之急迫性，再依公平分配原則，使每位均有接 受訓練機會。倘若名額仍不足因應訓練需求，應考慮增加開班。 7、建議國際分公司人事室應將擬辦訓練課程，均公告於該分公司之企業 網站。 8、建議儘量依受訓學員之基本學識與技能編班，俾利講師授課。 二、整體訓練滿意度與性別有顯著性差異，表示不同性別對於整體訓練滿 意度有顯著性差異，男性對於整體訓練滿意度較高。建議訓練主辦單 位，研究提高女性對訓練滿意度的作法。 三、建議學員受訓後，各單位及主管應提供員工受訓後，將所學之知識、 技能應用在工作崗位之機會。 四、建議訓練課程應兼顧理論與實務之結合。 五、建議重視訓練評估，並配置專業的訓練規劃人才，主辦訓練相關業 務。 六、建議選派參訓學員時，應依業務實際性、急迫性需求選派，避免重複 上課者，使訓練資源能有效運用。 七、建議建立系統化訓練評估制度，針對不同受訓對象、課程標準、課程 內容、課程性質等，擬定適當的評估標準。 八、訓練過程除可發展人才外，更可發掘人才，因此本研究建議應將訓練 與考核、升遷制度密切配合。 九、建議主管人員之培訓，可採用經歷與訓練結合方式，俾利長期性人才 之培育。 十、在企業面臨變革趨勢下，建議管理決策當局應普遍調查訓練需求，透 過系統性完整規劃，切合組織面、員工面、工作面之需求，在兼顧發 展企業、成長員工、強化工作技巧之前提下，開發並有效運用人力資 源。 / Considering the importance of human resource development and the training is always one solution for human resource in the modern organization. The author makes such research with the following content: 1.Studying the meaning & context in the training field. 2.Realizing the concept, theory & model in the training field. 3.Studying the evaluation model for training field. 4.An example investigation and analysis for the training evaluation.----The result of trainee in the company CHTI (Chungwa Telecom International Co., Ltd. ). 5.View in the future ----- The conclusion and suggestion for the human resource development. The thesis is specified in the training classes of CHTI including the following courses: 1.Information & computer 2.Foreign language 3.Communication technology 4.Business administration After the investigation and analysis, we could find the following characteristics. 1.The Satisfaction in different courses It's most satisfied in the communication technology course. The second place is the foreign language course. The rare of computer facility cause the unsatisfaction in the information & computer training course. Besides, we found the male trainee were more satisfied than female. 2.The reason of unsatisfaction in the training course. This research found that most people were unsatisfied in the attendance number limitation or the training class was fewer. Besides, some employee was too busy to attend the training course. 3.Analysis in the training requirement: a.Training program: Most people wish the training course could fit the requirement of the development of company. They also wish the training course could refine their skill. b.Training course: The employee required all four kinds training courses. There is no outstanding one. c.The training of foreign language: The most popular foreign language in the training courses is English, the Japanese is second place. d.The training of communication technique: The most popular communication technique in the training courses is digital communication. e.The training of business administration: The most popular business administration in the training course is sales capability. f.The training of information & computer: The most popular information & computer in the training course is INTERNET. 4.The learning behavior of trainee. Most trainees agree that it is more helpful in their work to apply the knowledge or technique learned from the training course, especially in the foreign language course. The suggestion of this research: 1.In the generic training field: a.A dedicated training class room b.Training tools and facility such as computer and projector. c.Increase the training period to fit the requirement of trainee. d.Support the instructor with the training technique course. e.Realize the agent rule to let the trainee concentrate in the training course. f.Increase the training frequency to fit the requirement of employee. g.Make well use of the INTRANET to advise all the training information for all employees. h.Classify the training course according to the background of the trainee. 2.The male trainees were more satisfied with the training course than the female. So we need to make some improvement in the female training course. 3.The manager are supposed to make chance for the trainee to use the technique learned from the training course. 4.The training courses are supposed to fit with the reality. 5.Set up a dedicated training department. 6.It needs to avoid to retrain the employee. 7.Set up a system rule to estimate the training efficient for every trainee and training courses. 8.It is suggested to combined the training with the promotion rule. 9.It is suggested to combine the training with the background for a long-term training. 10.It is suggested for the strategy maker to develop and well use every employee through training requirement investigation combined with all the other requirement.

本研究係針對五十四期刑事警察在職訓練作成效評估，為求評估的準確，將訓練有關之利害關係人（stakeholder）都納入作為研究調查的對象，包含訓練承辦機關刑事警察局、訓練實際執行機關台灣警察專科學校教務處暨學生總隊人員、參訓學員、學員服務機關的長官與同事、授課教師等。而蒐集資料方法係以量化問卷及質化訪談兩者相輔並行，若研究對象超過三十人以上則採問卷調查，其他則以訪談深入探求對訓練辦理的意見；為因應不同對象的需求，各設計出甲、乙、丙三種問卷及訪談表，其主要目的係能兼取量化調查能迅速蒐集大量的資料，而質化的訪談研究能深入探求研究對象的意見等兩種調查方法的優點。 　　研究架構乃經探討相關文獻後，以訓練之規劃、執行、影響三階段之設計作為本研究之評估流程，除瞭解訓練承辦，以及實際執行機關於規劃、執行該訓練時的決策內容外，對第三階段的影響評估亦採用Kirkpatrick所提出的「訓練方案評估技術」，其中最負盛名且運用最廣的是四層次評估理論，分別是反應（Reaction）、學習（Learning）、行為（Behavior）及結果（Result）。本研究嘗試以Kirkpatrick訓練評估四層次理論作基礎，由接受基層刑事警察訓練的刑警人員從事「自我追蹤評估」，及受訓學員長官、同事的「他人追蹤評估」，來瞭解學員受訓後是否能將訓練所學確實移轉到工作情境之中。而依據Wart等學者認為，受訓者個人特質（trainee characteristics）、原機關任職工作環境（work environment）皆會影響訓練成效。因此本文將此兩因素作為控制變數，以探討具有不同個人特質及工作環境的學員，其訓練成效是否會有差異存在。為證明各變數間是否有關聯或差異存在，因此以虛無假設（null hypothesis）方式提出，期望研究結果能拒絕虛無假設，進而接受對立假設。 　　研究結果如下： 　　一、受訓學員於訓練規劃、執行的過程中，對課程編排、教師授課情形、訓練機關的設備、教材及環境等整體訓練安排的「滿意度」良好（反應層次顯著）。 　　二、受訓學員於參加「訓練」前後，對專業講習「知識學習」的程度有明顯差異存在（學習層次顯著）。 　　三、受訓學員回到原服務機關後，其長官、同事覺得其參加「訓練」前後的「行為改變程度」明顯（行為層次顯著）。 　　四、受訓學員回到原服務機關後，其長官、同事覺得其參加「訓練」前後，對「組織貢獻程度」明顯（結果層次顯著）。 　　五、受訓學員對參加訓練「滿意度」的高低，與訓練後回原機關的「行為改變程度」多、寡之間有關係存在（反應層次會影響行為改變層次）。 　　六、受訓學員於參加訓練期間及訓練後，其工作環境中「長官、同事的環境支持程度」高低，與訓練後回原機關的「行為改變程度」大、小有關係存在（工作環境支持程度會影響行為改變層次）。 　　七、受訓學員於結訓回原機關後，其工作「行為改變程度」大、小，與其對「組織貢獻程度」多、寡有關係（行為改變層次會影響組織貢獻層次）。 　　八、受訓學員的「工作環境」差異（其長官、同事對本訓練的支持程度）與其「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。 　　九、受訓學員參加本「訓練」前後，其所表現的「整體訓練成效」顯著。 　　十、不同「人口統計變項」的受訓學員，個人資料中「服務機關」、「工作性質」、「年齡」、「刑警年資」等變數，其與「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。 　　綜上運用規劃、執行、影響（包括Kirkpatrick訓練評估四層次理論）三階段評估，驗證本訓練成效良好，且證明不同「人口統計變項」及「工作環境」的受訓學員，其「訓練成效」間有顯著差異存在。而質化訪談內容除驗證上述結果外，並於調查規劃、執行過程時，發現訓練制度的改進方向，在結論時提出現階段可行及未來改進的具體建議，使訓練評估結果完整且具可行性。 / This research is the effect evaluation of the on-the-job training of the 54th criminal investigators who were trained in Taiwan Police College. In order to make sure of the accuracy of the estimating, the stakeholders who are related to this on-the-job training are all involved in survey, including course staffs, students who were trained, students' colleagues, professors in this program and trainers who work at Criminal Investigation Bureau and Taiwan Police College. Quantitative questionnaire and qualitative interview are both adopted in this research. The former was used, and the latter was used for the population less than 30. Different questionnaires are designed according to the different populations. 　　Framework is based on literature review, which was used as the planning estimation, implementing estimation, and effect estimation of training. In addition to understand the content of training planning and implementing decision, the third stage-- effect estimation is based on Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory with reaction, learning, behavior and result that is used. The application of Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory in this research includes “self-estimation” by detectives under training and “others-estimation” by the trainees and colleagues to realize that transformation from training to work. And according to Wart's viewpoint, trainee characteristics and work environment have effect upon training. Whereas the controlled factors, trainee characteristic and work environment are provided for difference on training effects. In order to prove the relation or the difference exist on the aforementioned factors, the hypothesis comes up in the follow. The finding expected negation from the null hypothesis or the alternative hypothesis will stands. 　　After by planning, implementing and effect three process evaluation（Including Kirkpatrick Four-level evaluation theory）, the result is nice to the 54th criminal investigators training. And have found the difference on these trainees under the trainee characteristics and work environment. The result was be proved by the content of qualitative interview and find the improvement of training. The feasible suggestion of the present and the future improvement came up in the conclusion. The result of the training evaluation is success and feasible.

<p>Background: The global human resources for health crisis has affected Uganda deeply as is evidenced by grossly inadequate medical doctor to population ratios. Strategies to increase training and retention initiatives have been identified as the most promising ways to address the problem. In Uganda, the dual track tuition policy of higher education (called the Private Students Scheme or PSS) at the University of Makerere was initiated in the academic year 1993/94, to boost student intake and to supplement university revenue. However, the impact of this scheme on the enrolment and graduation of medical students at this University is unknown. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-)&nbsp / the Private Students Scheme (PSS). Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive&nbsp / study based on a retrospective review of enrolment and graduation records of medical students was conducted comparing records of students enrolled five years before and after the&nbsp / privatisation scheme. Numbers enrolled, attrition rates, time to completion and graduation numbers were analysed. Results: There were 895 students enrolled in the study period, 612 (72.2%) males and 236 (27.6%) females. Pre- and post-PSS periods had 401 and 494 enrolments respectively (a net increase of 93 students). During the post-PSS period, 447 (90.5%) government&nbsp / sponsored students were enrolled - 351 (71.1%) males and 143 (28.9% females) / in the same period, 47 (9.5%) private students were enrolled, 30 (63.8%) male and 17 (36.2%) female.&nbsp / Graduation rates for the entire study period were 96% (859), which represented 44% (378) in the pre-PSS and 56% (481) in the post-PSS periods. Private students contributed 8.9% (43) of the graduates 9in the post-PSS period. The majority of students (90.4%) graduated in five years. Thirty four students (3.8%) dropped out in the entire period, constituting significantly more in the pre-PSS - 22 (5.5%) than in the&nbsp / post PSS-period - 12 (2.4%). Males were more likely to drop out: 31 males did so (4.4%) compared with 3 (1.2%) females. In the post-PSS period, males made up 83.3% (10/12) of the attrition&nbsp / rate. Nine of them were government sponsored while three were private students. Conclusions: The PSS resulted in a 10% increase in enrolments when compared to the pre-PSS period.&nbsp / Furthermore the number of private medical student enrolments contributed 8.9% of the total graduations indicating that PSS succeeded in increasing the number of medical doctors graduated at MUSM. More males than females enrolled across all the years which might indicate&nbsp / a tendency for females to pursue non-medical professions which should be discouraged. Attrition of students&nbsp / was low which is encouraging but the finding that males were more likely to drop out than females deserves attention.</p>

Many people in South Africa are aware of the need for intervention and rehabilitation of disabled children. The lack of resources in the state healthcare system has necessitated a move towards capacity building and empowerment of community members to reduce the burden of responsibility on the healthcare system. Such engagement of community members in healthcare initiatives also has the potential of re-integrating disabled people back into society. The implementation of these strategies is undertaken largely by non-governmental organisations. One such NGO, the Child Development and Resource Centre (CORC) provides a service to children with multiple disabilities and their caregivers for whom no other resources are available. In attempting to increase the range of its impact on disabled people in Kwazulu-Natal, a training programme was developed to deal with the needs of the caregivers. The purpose of this study is to describe, evaluate and recommend changes of this nine module training course facilitated by the CDRC. The target population was the primary caregivers of disabled children living in peri-urban and rural areas and educare workers from non-profit organisations who were involved in service delivery to such families. The purpose of the training programme was to raise community awareness around disability, to sensitise and educate individuals to the needs of the disabled, and to empower caregivers in caring for disabled children in their communities. The CDRC training programme was subjected to on-going evaluation and monitoring throughout the entire process. Based on an action research model, programme evaluation was implemented and data was gathered from three sources: observation notes on each of the nine modules, evaluation forms completed by the participants, and focus group discussions with the participants. / Thesis (M.Ed.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.

<p>Background: The global human resources for health crisis has affected Uganda deeply as is evidenced by grossly inadequate medical doctor to population ratios. Strategies to increase training and retention initiatives have been identified as the most promising ways to address the problem. In Uganda, the dual track tuition policy of higher education (called the Private Students Scheme or PSS) at the University of Makerere was initiated in the academic year 1993/94, to boost student intake and to supplement university revenue. However, the impact of this scheme on the enrolment and graduation of medical students at this University is unknown. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of the PSS on enrolment, time to completion, attrition and number of graduated medical students at Makerere University Medical School after (post-)&nbsp / the Private Students Scheme (PSS). Study design: A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive&nbsp / study based on a retrospective review of enrolment and graduation records of medical students was conducted comparing records of students enrolled five years before and after the&nbsp / privatisation scheme. Numbers enrolled, attrition rates, time to completion and graduation numbers were analysed. Results: There were 895 students enrolled in the study period, 612 (72.2%) males and 236 (27.6%) females. Pre- and post-PSS periods had 401 and 494 enrolments respectively (a net increase of 93 students). During the post-PSS period, 447 (90.5%) government&nbsp / sponsored students were enrolled - 351 (71.1%) males and 143 (28.9% females) / in the same period, 47 (9.5%) private students were enrolled, 30 (63.8%) male and 17 (36.2%) female.&nbsp / Graduation rates for the entire study period were 96% (859), which represented 44% (378) in the pre-PSS and 56% (481) in the post-PSS periods. Private students contributed 8.9% (43) of the graduates 9in the post-PSS period. The majority of students (90.4%) graduated in five years. Thirty four students (3.8%) dropped out in the entire period, constituting significantly more in the pre-PSS - 22 (5.5%) than in the&nbsp / post PSS-period - 12 (2.4%). Males were more likely to drop out: 31 males did so (4.4%) compared with 3 (1.2%) females. In the post-PSS period, males made up 83.3% (10/12) of the attrition&nbsp / rate. Nine of them were government sponsored while three were private students. Conclusions: The PSS resulted in a 10% increase in enrolments when compared to the pre-PSS period.&nbsp / Furthermore the number of private medical student enrolments contributed 8.9% of the total graduations indicating that PSS succeeded in increasing the number of medical doctors graduated at MUSM. More males than females enrolled across all the years which might indicate&nbsp / a tendency for females to pursue non-medical professions which should be discouraged. Attrition of students&nbsp / was low which is encouraging but the finding that males were more likely to drop out than females deserves attention.</p>

In einer quasiexperimentellen Längsschnittstudie mit 380 Lehramtsstudierenden wurde das Interventionsprogramm „Gestärkt für den Lehrerberuf“, welches Elemente eines Self-Assessments der berufsrelevanten Kompetenzen mit konkreten Beratungsmöglichkeiten und einem Zieleffektivitätstraining (Dargel, 2006) zur Entwicklung individueller berufsbezogener Kompetenzen verbindet, auf seine Wirksamkeit (Reflexionskompetenz, Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit, berufsbezogene Kompetenzen, Beanspruchungserleben, Widerstandsfähigkeit) und den Wirkungsprozess (Zielbindung, Zielrealisierbarkeit, Zieleffektivität) hin überprüft. In dem Prä-Post-Follow-up-Test-Vergleichsgruppen-Design wurden eine Interventionsgruppe, deren Treatment auf dem Stärkenansatz basiert (1), eine defizitorientierte Interventionsgruppe (2), sowie eine kombinierte Interventionsgruppe, bei der der Stärkenansatz durch den Defizitansatz ergänzt wird (3), einer unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe sowie einer alternativ behandelten Kontrollgruppe, die ausschließlich in ihren sozial-kommunikativer Kompetenzen geschult wurde, gegenübergestellt. Es gelang zum Post- und Follow-up-Test, sowohl die individuellen beruflichen Kompetenzen als auch die Reflexionskompetenz von Teilnehmern der Interventionsgruppen im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe zu fördern. Die Teilnehmer der kombinierten Intervention profitierten im Vergleich zu den Teilnehmern der anderen beiden Interventionsgruppen stärker im Bereich Lehrerselbstwirksamkeit, Widerstandsfähigkeit und Zieleffektivität. Gegenüber der alternativen Kontrollgruppe zeigten sie ebenfalls einen stärkeren Zuwachs in der Entwicklung ihrer berufsrelevanten Kompetenzen und in ihrer Widerstandsfähigkeit. Die Studie liefert erste Hinweise darauf, dass ein Ansatz, welcher Stärkenfokussierung und Defizitorientierung integriert, besonders effektiv wirkt. / In a sample of 380 student teachers this longitudinal study examined the effectiveness of a strengths-based intervention program that combined elements from a self-assessment of work related competencies with peer-coaching and a goal effectiveness training (Dargel, 2006). The intervention intended to improve work related competencies, reflectivity, teacher self-efficacy, strategies to cope with occupational stress, hardiness and the process of competence development (goal commitment, goal planning, goal accomplishment). The participants were assigned to three treatment conditions: (1) focus on their individual work related strengths, (2) focus on work related weaknesses or (3) integration of strengths and weaknesses and compared to a no-treatment control group and an alternative control group that focused on developing social-communicative competencies. Both at posttest and at follow-up-test the students in the three intervention conditions outperformed control students in measures of reflexivity and work related competencies. Relative to students, who focused on strengths or weaknesses only, students in the combined intervention were better able to maintain training induced teacher self-efficacy, hardiness and goal attainment. Compared to the alternative control group they showed a greater increase of work related competencies and hardiness. The study provides preliminary results that a combined treatment that integrated the training of work related strengths and weaknesses is more effective than a training that focuses either on strengths or relative weaknesses.

97f. / Submitted by Hozana Azevedo (hazevedo@ufba.br) on 2013-06-13T18:14:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao+Martha+revisada+pos+Banca.pdf: 1506873 bytes, checksum: 86d53cd42acf3148b688b6427a0f34fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-06-27T15:51:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao+Martha+revisada+pos+Banca.pdf: 1506873 bytes, checksum: 86d53cd42acf3148b688b6427a0f34fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-27T15:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao+Martha+revisada+pos+Banca.pdf: 1506873 bytes, checksum: 86d53cd42acf3148b688b6427a0f34fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Esta pesquisa teve o objetivo de avaliar o curso Qualidade no Atendimento, primeira ação instrucional à distância da Rede de Colaboração e Aprendizagem das Instituições Federais de Ensino. O estudo foi conduzido com base em um delineamento metodológico quantitativo. Analisou-se descritivamente o perfil dos técnico-administrativos que participaram do curso e foram realizadas comparações das expectativas em relação ao curso, instrumentalidade e percepção de importância e domínio, antes e depois da realização do curso. As variáveis independentes foram sexo, idade, escolaridade, cargo, instituição de origem do servidor, tempo de serviço, tempo de serviço na função, familiaridade com tecnologias de informação e com tecnologias de EaD, frequência de uso da internet no trabalho e em casa. Os instrumentos foram aplicados em dois momentos. Antes do curso, coletaram-se informações sobre as expectativas e perfil dos participantes. Após o curso, os instrumentos buscaram medir o atendimento das expectativas prévias e a importância e domínio de competências adquiridas. Os instrumentos foram respondidos com escalas de concordância Likert, variando de 1 a 5. A coleta de dados foi realizada online, valendo-se do ambiente virtual do curso. Os participantes do estudo foram os alunos da segunda turma do curso Qualidade no Atendimento da RCI (n= 1.008 no momento pré-curso; n= 1.047 no pós-curso). Na análise dos dados, foram utilizadas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, univariadas e multivariadas, buscando relações de dependência e de interdependência. Como etapa preliminar, foram realizadas Análises Fatoriais Exploratórias (AFE) no processo de investigação da qualidade psicométrica das escalas e, em seguida, adotou-se o método de extração PAF (pricipal axis factoring) e rotação oblíqua direct oblimin. Também se verificou a confiabilidade das medidas através do Alpha de Cronbach. Em relação ao perfil dos participantes, observou-se o predomínio de mulheres (62,8%), de servidores com nível superior (61,2%), e 20,5% com pós-graduação completa. A população tinha idade média de 39 anos (M = 38,92; dp: 11,068). O tempo médio de serviço foi de 120 meses (M = 119,09; dp: 4,357; Md = 48). Com relação às expectativas pré e pós-treinamento, a semântica dos itens agrupados por fator justificava a criação de dois fatores, que foram denominados, Efetividade no Exercício Profissional (EEP) e Autoaperfeiçoamento (APF). Observou-se que o primeiro fator (EEP) obteve médias mais baixas do que as do segundo fator (APF) em todas as IFEs participantes nos dois momentos do estudo (pré e pós). Notaram-se diferenças significativas por escolaridade no pré-curso para o fator EEP [F(3,1004)=5,514;p<.001], em que menor escolaridade correspondeu a maior expectativa por aspectos relacionados à efetividade do exercício profissional, ao passo que as médias de APF são equivalentes. Também houve diferença significativa por tempo de serviço [F(5,967)=2,382;p=.032] com correlação negativa (r = - 0,275; p <.01) entre o tempo de serviço e escolaridade. Dentre os servidores com até cinco anos de instituição, 92% têm, pelo menos, ensino superior completo, ao passo que entre os servidores com mais de 25 anos de trabalho nas IFEs a porcentagem é de 66,7%. Quanto ao tempo de serviço na função – no pré-curso – [F(5,972)=2,382;p=.037], ao maior tempo de serviço na função correspondeu maior expectativa por efetividade no exercício profissional. A análise da escala de Instrumentalidade revelou um decréscimo nas médias no pós-curso. Com relação às escalas de Importância e Domínio, as análises apontaram a existência de dois fatores denominados Recursos de comunicação com o usuário e Conhecimento institucional e atendimento das demandas do usuário. Todas as escalas utilizadas apresentaram boa qualidade psicométrica (α entre 0.80 e 0.94). This research aims to evaluate the Attendance Quality course, the first distance instructional action of the Collaboration and Learning Network of the Federal Education Institutes (called RCI). The study was conducted grounded in a quantitative methodological design. It was analyzed descriptively the profile of administrative staff who attended the course and comparisons were made of the expectations about the course, instrumentality and perceived importance and area before and after the completion of the course. The independent variables was gender, age, education, post, origin institute, service time, post time, familiarity with information technologies and Distance Learning technologies, frequency of internet using at home and work. The instruments were applied in two stages. Before the course, we collected information on the profile and expectations of participants. After the course, measuring instruments sought the assistance of prior expectations and the importance and mastery of skills acquired. The instruments were answered with Likert scales of agreement ranging from 1 to 5. The data collection was on line, using the course virtual environment. The study participants were students of the second group of the Attendance Quality course of RCI (n=1008 before the course; n=1047 after the course). In the data analysis, it was used descriptive and inferential statistics, univariated and multivariated, searching relations of dependence and independence. As a preliminary stage, it was realized Factorial Exploratory Analysis (FEA) in the investigation process of psychometric quality of the scales and, after, it was adopted the PAF (principal axis factoring) extraction method and direct oblimin oblique rotation. It was also verified the data reliability by the Cronbach’s Alpha. About the participants profile, was noted the dominance of women (62,8%), graduated public servants (61,2%), 20,5% with completed post-graduation. The population had a mean age of 39 years (M = 38,92, SD: 11.068). The average service was 120 months (M = 119.09, sd: 4,657: Md = 48). With regard to the expectations before and after training, the semantics of the items grouped by factor justified the creation of two factors, which were called, Effectiveness in Professional Practice (EP) and Self-improvement (SI). It was observed that the first factor (EP) had a lower average than the second factor (SI), IFES on all participants in the two study time points (pre and post). They noted significant differences by education in the pre course for the EP factor [F(3.104) = 5.514, p<.001], which participants with lower educational showed expectations for greater effectiveness of aspects related to professional practice, while SI of the averages were equivalent. There was also significant differences by service time [F (597) = 2.382, p = .032] with a negative correlation (r = - 0.275, p <.01) between the time of service and education. Among the servers with up to 5 years of institution, 92% have at least university degree, where as among the servers with more than 25 years working in the IFE, the percentage is 66.7%. As for length of service in the role – in the pre-course – [F(5,972)=2,382,0=.37], the longest service in the function corresponded to the highest expectations for effectiveness professional practice. The analysis of the instrumentality scale revealed a decrease in the average post course. Regarding the Importance and Mastery scales, the analysis indicated the existence of two factors called Communication Resources and User Services Knowledge and Institutional Demands of the User. All used scales showed good psychometric quality (α between 0.80 and 0.94). / Salvador

As ações educacionais ofertadas em ambientes de trabalho buscam suprir uma demanda crescente para atender novas exigências de desenvolvimento de competências individuais e organizacionais em contextos de diferente natureza. A análise dos resultados produzidos e da eficácia desses eventos instrucionais é de fundamental importância para verificar se os trabalhadores alcançaram aprendizagem satisfatória e se estão conseguindo aplicar o que aprenderam nos locais de trabalho. Nesse sentido, a identificação e a avaliação de resultados produzidos por meio de relatos empíricos trariam contribuições significativas para suprir lacunas de pesquisa. Dessa forma, a presente pesquisa objetivou avaliar uma ação educacional ofertadas a distância, visando relacionar a transferência dos conhecimentos, habilidade e atitudes (CHAs) aprendidos para o ambiente de trabalho com as características da clientela (dados sociodemográficos, e Estratégias de aprendizagem) e às Reações ao curso. A organização parceira oferece um curso a distância para funcionários de bibliotecas públicas do estado de São Paulo. Para a coleta dos dados, foram aplicados virtualmente os questionários de Estratégias de aprendizagem, Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais, Reação ao desempenho do tutor, os quais, anteriormente à coleta de dados, sofreram modificações para se adequarem às especificidades do contexto no qual ele foi aplicado. Também foi feita a aplicação do instrumento Transferência de treinamento, que foi construído de acordo com os objetivos instrucionais do curso. Para constatar as evidências de validade do instrumento, foram realizadas análises exploratórias fatoriais (Principal Components e Principal Axis Factoring) e de consistência interna (Alfa de Cronbach). Todas as escalas são estaticamente válidas e confiáveis. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que os participantes, durante o curso, fizeram uso principalmente das estratégias de aprendizagem Busca de ajuda ao material didático, Controle da emoção e Controle da compreensão. Os participantes apresentaram, em sua maioria, reações positivas ao curso e foram capazes de transferir a maioria do conteúdo aprendido para o ambiente de trabalho. Análises complementares, realizadas por meio de Teste T e ANOVA, não apresentaram resultados significativas. Em contrapartida, as análises de correlação mostraram uma correlação positiva entre a Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais e a Transferência de treinamento. Tais achados mostram a importância das Estratégias de aprendizagem para cursos dessa natureza. E apontam a Reação aos procedimentos instrucionais como variável relevante para a ocorrência da Transferência de treinamento. Mais estudos são necessários para sistematizar conhecimentos sobre Transferência de treinamento em organizações públicas e ampliar as discussões acerca da eficácia e aplicabilidade da modalidade EAD. / The educational actions offered in work environments seek to fulfill a growing demand for development of new individual and organizational skills in distinct contexts. The analysis of results and effectiveness of instructional events is relevant in order to verify how much the workers learned and if they are able to apply the acquired knowledge at the workplace. Respecting this, the evaluation and identification of the results obtained by research reports yielded relevant contributions to fill the research gaps. Thus, the present research aimed to evaluate distance educational actions, seeking to link the transfer of acquired knowledge, skills and attitudes to the workplace with the characteristics of the clients (sociodemographic data and Learning Strategies) and Reactions to the course. The partner organization offers a distance course to employees of public libraries of the state of São Paulo. The data was collect through Learning Strategies, Reaction to the instructional procedures and Reaction to the tutor performance forms applied virtually and adapted to the context of this research. The Transfer of Training instrument was also applied and built according to the instructional objectives of the course. In order to find the evidences to validate the instrument, factorial exploratory (Principal Components and Principal Axis Factoring) and intern consistency (Cronbachs Alpha) analysis were made. All the scales are statically valid and reliable. The results showed that the Learning Strategies mainly used by the students during the course was Help search to the courseware, Emotional control and Understanding control. The participants presented mostly positive reactions to the course and were able to transfer most of the content to the workplace. Complementary analysis made with Students T-Test and ANOVA did not show relevant results. Correlation analysis was positive in relating Reaction to the instructional procedures and Transfer of training. This findings show the relevance of the Learning Strategies to this type of course and point the Reaction to the instructional procedures as a relevant variable to Transfer of training. Further studies are needed to systematize the knowledge about Transfer of Training and public organizations and extend the discussion about effectiveness and applicability of Distance Education (DE).