The aim of diploma thesis is the analysis of economic cycle in the car sector in the Czech Republic and the government's approach on this issue. I desribe the global economic and financial crisis in the years 2007 - 2010, which had impact on automotive industry, For comparison, I add approach by government abroad and development of automotive industry, mainly in Germany and the Slovak Republic. The first part consists of theoretical approaches of important economists of the economic cycle, the company in recession and the different approaches to structural policy. Individual approaches are different and unfortunately there is no uniform approach to effective solution of the crisis. The analytical part deals with the beginning of economic and financial crisis along with the impact on the production and sale of three automotive producers in the Czech Republic - Škoda auto a.s., TPCA, Hyundai Motor Czech s.r.o. This impact is compared with the consequences of the crisis at car manufacturers in Germany and the Slovak Republic. Finally comes the assessment of mainly interventionist approaches by governments in the Czech Republic and abroad. Through the efforts to alleviate the ongoing recession in the sector was being set up so-called scrap subsidy that had an impact on the industry in the Czech Republic, even though in our country was his introduction denied.

The core focus of this thesis is the principal-agent problem and its role in the outbreak of the 2007 financial crisis. Analysis of key elements of the problem like moral hazard and adverse selection lays foundations for identifying situations, in which conflict of interests led to negative impacts on the economic performance before and during the financial crisis. This work also studies the influence of factors that are often overlooked by theoretical economists but are still tightly connected to the principal-agent problem, like exogenous incentives based on the mechanism of trust. The author also evaluates mechanisms that have been put into place after the financial crisis and which could help lower agency costs. He also sketches out possible venues of future research in this area.

Syfte: Denna studie avser att undersöka vilka som är de huvudsakliga problemen och riskerna med teckningsoptioner för de anställda och företagen, samt eventuella åtgärder för att öka användbarheten.   Teori: Studien utgår från teorier som kopplas till teckningsoptioner. De teorierna som tillämpas är belöningssystem, optionsprogram, optionsteori, Black-Scholes-modellen, företagsvärdering och principal-agent-teori. Metod: Denna studie utgår från ett kvalitativt angreppssätt och den metod som tillämpas är semistrukturerade intervjuer. Åtta personer som har kompetens inom optionsprogram och/- eller använder teckningsoptioner är respondenter i denna studie. Empiri: Samtliga respondenter kunde nämna olika fördelar med teckningsoptioner och majoriteten anser att det är ett bra och flexibelt instrument. Ett flertal problem och risker belystes och det är problem och risker som drabbar den anställde, företaget eller båda parter. För den anställde handlar det framförallt om att optionerna förfaller värdelösa och att det är problematiskt att finansiera köpet. För företaget krävs det mycket administration och kostnader för att utforma optionsprogrammet. Även ett flertal åtgärder för samtliga risker och problem berördes för att kunna öka användbarheten.   Slutsats: Teckningsoptioner är ett lämpligt instrument men det kan medfölja många risker som bör beaktas och medvetenheten om dem bör vara större. Genom att öka medvetenheten om riskerna ökar chanserna för att kunna minimera dem i tid. / Purpose: This study aims to investigate the main problems and risks of stock warrants for employees and companies and potentially the measures that may increase the usability. Theory: The study is based on theories related to stock warrants as incentive scheme: reward system, option theory, Black-Scholes model, company valuation and principal-agent theory. Method: This study will be based on a qualitative approach through eight semi-structured interviews with people who have expertise in stock warrants and/or use stock warrants as incentive schemes.  Empirics: All respondents could mention various advantages of stock warrants and the majority consider it to be a good and flexible tool to use. A number of problems and risks were highlighted, as well as problems and risks that affect the employee, the company or both parts. For the employees, it is primarily about that the stock warrants expire worthless and it is problematic to finance the purchase. The companies require a lot of administration and it involves large costs to design the incentive schemes. The respondents did also mention some measures to increase the usability of incentive schemes.     Conclusion: Stock warrants are a good instrument but it may entail many problems and risks that should be considered, and the awareness of them should be greater. If the awareness of the risks increases, then the bigger the chances gets to minimize them in time.

Transportation has a major impact on our society and environment, contributing 70% of U.S petroleum use, 28% of U.S. greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, over 34,000 fatalities and 2.2 million injuries in 2013. Punitive approaches to used to tackle environmental issues in the transportation sector, such as congestion pricing have been well documented, although the use of incentives or rewards lags behind in comparison. In addition to the use of more fuel-efficient, alternate energy vehicles and various other energy reduction strategies; energy consumption can be lowered through incentivizing alternative modes of transportation. This paper focused on modifying travelers’ behavior by providing rewards to enable shifts to more energy-efficient modes, (e.g., from auto to either bus or bicycles). Optimization conditions are formulated for the problem to understand solution properties, and numerical tests are carried out to study the effects of system parameters (e.g., token budget and coefficient of tokens) on the optimal solutions (i.e., energy savings). The multinomial logit model is used to formulate the full problem, comprised of an objective function and constraint of a token budget ranging from $5,000-$10,000. Comparably, the full problem is computationally reduced by various parameterization strategies, in that the number of tokens assigned to all travelers’ is parameterized and proportional to the expected energy savings. An optimization solution algorithm is applied with a global and local solver to solve a lagrangian sub-problem and a duo of heuristic solution algorithms of the original problem. These were determined necessary to attain an optimal and feasible solution. Input data necessary for this analysis is obtained for the Town of Amherst, MA from the Pioneer Valley Planning Commission (PVPC). The results demonstrated strong evidence to conclude a positive correlation between the system’s energy savings and the aforementioned system parameters. The local and global solvers solution algorithm reduced the average energy consumption by 11.48% - 19.91% and12.79% – 21.09% consecutively for the identified token budget range from a base case scenario with no tokens assigned. The duo of lagrangian heuristic algorithms improved the full problems solution i.e., higher energy savings, when optimized over a local solver, while the parameterized problem formulations resulted in higher energy savings when compared to the full problems’ formulation solution over local solver, but higher energy savings compared over the global solver. The Computational run-time for the global and local solvers solution algorithm for the full problem formulation required 43 hours and 24 minutes consecutively, while the local solver for the lagrangian heuristics and parameterized problem solution algorithm took 13 minutes and 7 minutes consecutively. Future research on this paper will be comprised of a bi-level optimization problem formulation where a high level optimization aims at maximizing system-wide energy savings, while a low-level consumer surplus maximization problem is solved for each system user.

This thesis deals with suggestions of appropriate changes in a concept of incentive system in the particular company. Changes will be suggested based on the theoretical background and the current state in the company. The proposed solutions will be used as a concept for increasing the satisfaction and loyalty of workers, to reduce the sickness and fluctuation and on the basis of these sub-goals to improve performance throughout the organization.

The diploma thesis deals with the proposal of extending the motivation system of Bosch Diesel company. The theoretical part summarizes the findings concerning employee motivation. Subsequently, an analytical part is created using internal sources of the company and a questionnaire survey.

Presented thesis tends to discover the issue of corporate culture in selected company. It is focused on concrete part of corporate culture, the motivation. It consists of theoretical resources, analysis of current state of incentives and is trying to suggest suitable changes and to create solution for operative usage. The result of this thesis is complex of incentives program for workers as a part of companys' effort for reach higher efficiency.

The subject of thesis is to devise an incentive program for concrete company. The thesis first describes the theoretical knowledge on this issue, which have been prepared on the basis of scientific literature. The practical part is focused on the description of MEGATECH Industries Ltd. and analysis of the current incentive program. To obtain information from the staff was used a survey. In the last part of thesis are describes proposals for improving the current situation.

The aim of Diploma thesis "Employee Motivation and Remuneration in a State-funded Institution" is to analyse various factors by their manmer responsible for the motivation of allowance organization workers. Via knowledge of the basis theories of human behavior motivation uncover and specify possible causes for dissatisfaction of allowance organization workers and consequently recommend the use of some motivation tools for recitification of this unfacoutable disposition. The thesis descibes basic motivation theories, important motivation tools and motivation factors.

Orientador: Maria de Lourdes Spazziani / Resumo: A Ciência-Cidadã propõe fertilizar o saber científico com outros saberes, como o conhecimento popular, sendo realizado por pessoas que se interessam pela Ciência e se preocupam com a questão ambiental. Atrelado a isto têm-se a perspectiva da Educação Ambiental crítica que visa uma reaproximação do ser humano com a natureza e o repensar das ações em ambientes naturais. Os parques nacionais, afilados ao Instituto Chico Mendes de Biodiversidade (ICMBio), se constituem em locais abertos à visitação e possuem estreitas relações com as comunidades do entorno. Desta forma, têm sido considerados locais privilegiados para a contextualização de pesquisas envolvendo pesquisadores de universidades, organizações não-governamentais (ONG) e a própria comunidade local. Assim, a pesquisa aqui apresentada tem como principal objetivo analisar a contribuição do Programa Consciência-Cidadã na formação socioambiental crítica e no engajamento social dos sujeitos. O tipo de pesquisa é qualitativo, tendo por base os fundamentos da psicologia histórico-cultural Vigotskiniana, a qual deve considerar a concretude, a totalidade e a dinâmica dos fenômenos sociais construídos historicamente. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram: questionários e entrevistas aplicadas aos sujeitos participantes dos três cursos realizados pelo Programa ConsCiência-Cidadã no Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos (PARNASO) e observações das aulas dos cursos e de reuniões dos pesquisadores do Programa. Se utilizou da “Análise ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Science-Citizen requested fertilizers or scientific flavors with other flavors, such as popular knowledge, being carried out by people who are interested in Science and are concerned with an environmental issue. Linked to this, it has a critical Environmental Education perspective that aims at bringing human beings closer to nature and paying for actions in natural environments. National parks, affiliated with the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity (ICMBio), can exhibit a visit in open places and present close relations with the surrounding communities. Thus, these places were considered privileged for the contextualization of research by researchers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the local community itself. Thus, the research presented here has as main objective to analyze the contribution of the Citizen Consciousness Program in the critical socio-environmental formation and in the social engagement of the subjects. The type of qualitative research, based on the foundations of historicalcritical pedagogy and Vygotskynian historical-cultural psychology, must consider the concreteness, totality and dynamics of historically constructed social phenomena. It uses the Content Analysis proposed by Bardin, the questionnaires and interviews of the subjects participating in the three courses offered by the Conscience-Citizen Program in the Serra dos Órgãos National Park (PARNASO), in addition to observing the course classes and meetings of the project search. The resu... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor