Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om det finns ett samband mellan lönsamhet och storlek på rörlig samt total VD-ersättning i de största svenska aktiebolagen. I uppsatsen diskuteras även funna samband samt bakomliggande teoretiska förklaringar till VD-ersättningens storlek. För att undersöka om VD-ersättning och företags lönsamhet korrelerar utförs kvantitativa undersökningar med hjälp av regressionsanalyser för respektive år mellan 2002 och 2007. Populationen som undersökningen baseras på är de företag som i september 2009 var registrerade på Stockholmsbörsens segment Large och Mid Cap. Undersökningen resulterade i slutsatsen att inget samband mellan vare sig rörlig eller total VD-ersättning och lönsamhet kunde styrkas. Istället gavs indikationer om andra faktorer som påverkade VD-ersättningens storlek. Studien visade en tydlig koppling mellan företagsstorlek och VD-ersättning. Andra trender indikerade att det marknadsjämförande synsättet är det vanligaste vid fastställande av VD-ersättningsnivåer. Dessutom diskuterades andra faktorers inflytande på VD-ersättningars storlek utifrån tidigare forskning. / The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether a relationship between CEO compensation and organizational profitability exists in the largest Swedish companies. Both the total and the variable compensation schemes’ dependence on organizational compensation are analyzed. The objective is moreover to discuss the observed relationships in the study as well as the theoretical explanations to the level of the CEO compensation. In order to examine if CEO compensation correlates with organizational profitability quantitative research methods are applied via regression analyses for each separate year between 2002 and 2007. The population our research is based on is the companies quoted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in September 2009 within the segments Large and Mid Cap. It was concluded that no relationship between neither variable nor total CEO compensation and organizational profitability existed. However, indications of other factors affecting the compensation were indicated. The regression confirmed a relationship between organizational size and CEO compensation. Other trends indicated that the market-based approach was the most common when determining CEO compensation levels. In addition we discussed how other previously proved relationships as well as further theoretical research related to our study.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T11:44:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila de Oliveira Moura - 2016.pdf: 2942065 bytes, checksum: 6f050cb4e642b2a3e5313f660344f2b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2016-10-03T11:53:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila de Oliveira Moura - 2016.pdf: 2942065 bytes, checksum: 6f050cb4e642b2a3e5313f660344f2b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-03T11:53:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Priscila de Oliveira Moura - 2016.pdf: 2942065 bytes, checksum: 6f050cb4e642b2a3e5313f660344f2b1 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This study is inserted in the research line Fundamentals of Educational Processes and it aims to investigate the meritocratic incentive system of bonus/award implemented by the then Secretary of State for Education of Goiás (SEDUC/GO) on management 2011-2014. This is a bibliographic and documentary research which, from the official documents concerning the educational reform called Pacto pela Educação (GOIÁS/SEDUC) and Laws and other legal documents establish the Educational Incentive Bonus and the Student Award, it was guided by the research of the assumptions that underlie the policies of subsidy/award in normative documents of SEDUC-GO management 2011-2014, that establish the conduction of the pedagogical work and the formation of the individuals involved in educational processes that occur at school. Defining itself as qualitative research, this study took contradictory social reality principle that emerges from the antagonistic forces refered to the production processes of human life. It considers the bonus/award a management strategy that emerges with the educational reform processed in State Schools, which incorporates principles and conceptions from other reforms that, among other elements, are based on meritocracy, competitiveness, accountability, control by encouraging/punishment. All these principles are part of a neotecnicist movement that advances in Brazilian public education, in which bonus/awards appear combined to evaluation and large scale tests destined to measure the performance of the students. It concludes that the financial incentive system, presented as a professional and student valorization, has, in its formulation, promotion of individualism and competition among peers. From the reformist proposals follows an understanding of educational management based on managerialism and productivity, subdued to the neoliberal values spread in reforms advocated by guidelines of multilateral organizations. / Este estudo está inserido na linha de pesquisa Fundamentos dos Processos Educativos e tem por objetivo investigar o sistema de incentivo meritocrático de bônus/prêmio implementado pela, então, Secretaria de Estado da Educação de Goiás (SEDUC/GO) na gestão 2011-2014. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental que, a partir dos documentos oficiais referentes à reforma educacional denominada Pacto pela Educação (GOIÁS/SEDUC) e das Leis e Portarias que instituem o Bônus de Incentivo educacional e o Prêmio Aluno, orientou-se pela investigação dos pressupostos que fundamentam as políticas de bonificação/premiação nos documentos normativos da SEDUC-GO na gestão 2011-2014, que estabelecem como deve ser conduzido o trabalho pedagógico e a formação dos sujeitos implicados nos processos educativos que ocorrem na escola. Definindo-se como pesquisa qualitativa, este estudo tomou como princípio a realidade social contraditória que emerge das forças antagônicas constitutivas dos processos de produção da vida humana. Considera-se o bônus/prêmio uma estratégia de gestão que surge com a reforma educacional processada na rede estadual de ensino, que incorpora princípios e concepções advindos de outras reformas que, dentre outros elementos, fundamentam-se em meritocracia, competitividade, responsabilização, controle por incentivo/punição. Todos esses princípios fazem parte de um movimento neotecnicista que avança na educação pública brasileira, em que bônus/prêmios aparecem combinados às avaliações e testagens em larga escala objetivando aferir o rendimento dos alunos. Conclui-se que o sistema de incentivo financeiro, apresentado como valorização profissional e discente, possui, em sua formulação, a promoção do individualismo e da competição entre pares. Decorre das ações reformistas um entendimento de gestão educacional gerencialista, eficientista, subjugada aos valores neoliberais difundidos em diretrizes de reformas preconizadas por organismos multilaterais.

Global warming has increased significantly over the past decades and at its center, there are human factors which have the greatest impacts on productions of carbon dioxide which is considered as a primary greenhouse gas in development of global warming. Greenhouse gas emissions and, in particular, carbon dioxide emissions are growing significantly to the extent that if no initiatives are taken, it can have dramatic consequences for our future generations and in general for human’s life on Earth, therefore we need means by which we can control and maintain the levels of greenhouse gas emissions and in particular carbon dioxide emissions. One of the efficient solutions that can significantly decrease the levels of carbon dioxide emissions is the construction and development of smart cities. In this context (smart city), individuals can play an important role in reducing the CO2 emissions. By considering the new opportunities that can result from development of Smart Cities and the essential role of information and communication technology (ICT) in such cities, this thesis work tries to introduce the idea of a self-tracking Carbon Footprint mobile application which enables users to keep track of their individual’s carbon dioxide emissions occurred as a result of their daily activities such as eating, transportation, shopping, energy consumption, and etc. in real time. Being able to measure the generated carbon footprint with respect to each of the user’s activities, users will be able to monitor and control it. This monitoring and controlling of one’s carbon footprint can have significant influences in reducing those human factors which result in production of more carbon dioxide gases and consequently more global warming effects.

Modern economic society is characterized by the desire for modernization and reorientation of production in accordance with the needs of the market by increasing both external and internal components of the business. This is primarily due to the growing competition of business entities taking place in all sectors of the economy. An important factor in the successful development of the company is a motivated staff. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that in modern conditions of economic development, the determining factor in improving the competitiveness of economic entities is an effective, result-oriented system of incentives for employees. The aim of the study is to improve the methodological provisions for the formation of a system of incentives for personnel in the enterprise. The theoretical basis of the study was the works of domestic and foreign specialists and experts in the field of labor Economics and personnel management. During the writing of the master's thesis was developed and tested incentive system based on key economic indicators for small businesses. The developed system is aimed at increasing revenue and increasing the production activity of the enterprise as a whole, as well as the interest of employees in the implementation of their labor functions, which will lead to an increase in the quality and efficiency of work performed. The practical significance of the work lies in the possibility of using its results by organizations to form a system of stimulation and management. / Современное экономическое общество характеризуется стремлением к модернизации и переориентации производств в соответствии с потребностями рынка путем наращивания как внешней, так и внутренней составляющих бизнеса. Это, прежде всего, вызвано ростом конкуренции субъектов хозяйственной деятельности, происходящей во всех отраслях экономики. Немаловажным фактором успешного развития предприятия является мотивированный персонал. Актуальность исследования определяется тем, что в современных условиях развития экономики определяющим фактором повышения конкурентоспособности субъектов хозяйственной деятельности является эффективная, направленная на результат система стимулирования работников. Целью исследования является совершенствование методических положений по формированию системы стимулирования персонала на предприятии. Теоретической базой исследования послужили труды отечественных и зарубежных специалистов и экспертов в области экономики труда и управления персоналом. В ходе написания магистерской диссертации была разработана и апробирована системы стимулирования на основе ключевых экономических показателей для малого предприятия. Разработанная система нацелена на увеличение выручки и повышение производственной деятельности предприятия в целом, а так же заинтересованности работников в осуществлении своих трудовых функций, что повлечет за собой увеличение качества и эффективности выполненных работ. Практическая значимость работы заключается в возможности применения ее результатов организациями для формирования системы стимулирования и управления ею.

Το περιεχόμενο της εργασίας χωρίζεται σε τρία μέρη. Στο πρώτο μέρος γίνεται η παραίτητη Θεωρητική Επισκόπηση. Σκοπός της Θεωρητικής Επισκόπησης είναι η γνωριμία με το θέμα της εργασίας καθώς επίσης και η κατατόπιση με το αντικείμενο της Ηγεσίας αλλά και της Παρακίνησης των Εργαζομένων. Στο δεύτερο μέρος, γίνεται η παρουσίαση της Μεθοδολογίας Έρευνας που ακολουθήσαμε στην εργασία μας. Παρουσιάζεται η σχετική θεωρία γίνονται οι απαραίτητες αποδοχές, επιλέγεται το δείγμα και περιγράφεται το ερωτηματολόγιο, ανοικτού τύπου που χρησιμοποιήθηκε για τη συλλογή των πληροφοριών. Στο τρίτο μέρος, γίνεται η εμπειρική έρευνα όπου έχουμε την συγκριτική ανάλυση της Αγροτικής Τράπεζας με τη Τράπεζα Κύπρου και έπειτα ακολουθούν τα συμπεράσματα της ανάλυσης. Το ζήτημα της ηγεσίας έχει συζητηθεί στη παγκόσμια βιβλιογραφία μέσα από πολλούς προσδιορισμούς, όπως κλασσική ηγεσία, ηγεσία, οραματική, καινοτομική, εφευρετική, δημιουργική, εμπνευσμένη, ηθική, μεταμορφωσιακή, αναδυόμενη, ηγεσία με ρίσκο, αβεβαιότητα ή στην άκρη του χάους, ηγεσία που υπηρετεί, αυτοηγεσία κλπ. Όλοι όμως οι ερευνητές και μελετητές συμφωνούν στη διάκριση μεταξύ διευθυντών (managers) και ηγετών (leaders). Οι πρώτοι εμπλέκονται στην επίλυση οργανωσιακών προβλημάτων, ενώ οι δεύτεροι αναζητούν τις δυνατότητες υπέρβασής τους. Φυσικά σημαντικό ρόλο στις Επιχειρήσεις- Οργανισμούς παίζει η παρακίνηση των ανθρώπων γενικότερα (ανθρώπινες ανάγκες και κίνητρα) και ειδικότερα σε αυτή την εργασία παρουσιάζονται οι πιο σημαντικές θεωρίες ή υποδείγματα παρακίνησης των εργαζομένων. Είναι η τέχνη της παρακίνησης των υφισταμένων για την εκτέλεση των καθηκόντων τους με ζήλο και εμπιστοσύνη, συνεισφέροντας έτσι στους οργανωσιακούς – επιχειρησιακούς σκοπούς και στόχους, το μέγιστο δυναμικό τους. Είναι ακόμη η ικανότητα να βλέπει και να χρησιμοποιεί τα κατάλληλα κίνητρα για τον καθένα και τη καθεμιά και η ικανότητα να εμπνέει. / The scope of work is divided into three parts. The first part is the Theoretical Overview. The purpose of the theoretical review is to familiarize the subject of work as well as the subject of leadership and of motivation. The second part, we present the Research Methodology followed in our work. Presents the relevant theory are necessary salaries, choosing a sample and described the questionnaire used open-ended collection of information. The third part is an empirical investigation where we have the comparative analysis of the Agricultural Bank of Bank of Cyprus and then follow the conclusions of the analysis. The issue of leadership has been discussed in world literature through many determinations as traditional leaders, leadership, visionary, innovative, inventive, creative, inspirational, moral, emerging, led by risk, uncertainty or the edge of chaos, leadership that serves. But all researchers and scholars agree on the distinction between directors (managers) and leaders (leaders). The first involved in solving organizational problems, and the second looking for opportunities to overcome them. Naturally an important role in Business Organizations, plays motivate people in general (human needs and motivation) and especially in this project the most important theories and models of employee motivation. It is the art of motivation existing for the performance of their duties with zeal and confidence, thus contributing to organizational - operational goals and objectives, its maximum potential. It is still the ability to see and use the right incentives for everyone and each and the ability to inspire.