Santa Maria é um projeto de exploração mineral conduzido pela empresa Votorantim Metais Ltda, com foco nas comodities zinco e chumbo. Localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, próximo das antigas minas de Camaquã e Uruguay, o projeto se encontra em uma região geologicamente fértil para exploração mineral. O depósito de Santa Maria possui informações suficientes para permitir a avaliação dos recursos minerais e também estudos de viabilidade econômica de projeto, entretanto, sua mineralização ocorre de forma heterogênea e condicionada a feições geológicas estruturais complexas, inserindo dúvidas à respeito da forma e volume dos corpos mineralizados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é a avaliação da incerteza associada à modelagem dos corpos mineralizados. Essa avaliação foi realizada através da comparação entre o modelo tridimensional confeccionado por interpretação de seções e outros dois modelos probabilísticos: um gerado por krigagem de indicadoras e outro gerado por simulação sequencial de indicadoras, que permitiu a interpretação da incerteza associada. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível quantificar os valores de volume máximo, mínimo e médio esperado no depósito, além de avaliar regiões de maior e menor confiança. A utilização conjunta dos métodos de krigagem de indicadoras e simulação sequencial de indicadoras se mostrou uma excelente opção para avaliação do modelo interpretado. Através do tratamento dos resultados foi possível obter informações à respeito da variabilidade local e global do depósito e sobre o comportamento espacial da mineralização. Os resultados e interpretações obtidos podem ser aplicados em trabalhos futuros no depósito, como na classificação do recurso mineral, no refinamento do modelo geológico e no planejamento de futuras malhas de sondagem infill. / Santa Maria is a mineral exploration project conducted by Votorantim Metais Ltda, with focus on zinc and lead extraction. The project is located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the vicinities of the old mines of Camaquã and Uruguay, a favorable area for mineral exploration. There is enough information about Santa Maria\'s deposit to allow the estimation of mineral resources and the project\'s economical viability study, however, its mineralization occurs in heterogeneous ways and is conditioned to complex geological structural features, casting doubts about the shape and volume of the ore bodies. The main goal of this research is evaluating the uncertainty associated with the modeling of the orebodies. This evaluation was performed by comparing a three-dimensional model created by section interpretation and other two probabilistic models: one generated by indicator kriging, and the other generated by sequential indicator simulation, which allowed the interpretation of the associated uncertainty. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to quantify the maximum, minimum and average expected volume of the deposit, and also to evaluate the regions of most and least reliability. The joint use of indicator kriging and sequential indicator simulation methods proved to be an excelent tool for evaluating the interpreted model. By processing the results it was possible to obtain information about deposit\'s local and global variability and spatial behavior of mineralization. The obtained results and interpretations can be applied in deposit\'s further sutdies, for instance, to classify the mineral resource, to refine the geological model or to plan future infill drilholes.

Santa Maria é um projeto de exploração mineral conduzido pela empresa Votorantim Metais Ltda, com foco nas comodities zinco e chumbo. Localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, próximo das antigas minas de Camaquã e Uruguay, o projeto se encontra em uma região geologicamente fértil para exploração mineral. O depósito de Santa Maria possui informações suficientes para permitir a avaliação dos recursos minerais e também estudos de viabilidade econômica de projeto, entretanto, sua mineralização ocorre de forma heterogênea e condicionada a feições geológicas estruturais complexas, inserindo dúvidas à respeito da forma e volume dos corpos mineralizados. O objetivo desta pesquisa é a avaliação da incerteza associada à modelagem dos corpos mineralizados. Essa avaliação foi realizada através da comparação entre o modelo tridimensional confeccionado por interpretação de seções e outros dois modelos probabilísticos: um gerado por krigagem de indicadoras e outro gerado por simulação sequencial de indicadoras, que permitiu a interpretação da incerteza associada. Com os resultados obtidos foi possível quantificar os valores de volume máximo, mínimo e médio esperado no depósito, além de avaliar regiões de maior e menor confiança. A utilização conjunta dos métodos de krigagem de indicadoras e simulação sequencial de indicadoras se mostrou uma excelente opção para avaliação do modelo interpretado. Através do tratamento dos resultados foi possível obter informações à respeito da variabilidade local e global do depósito e sobre o comportamento espacial da mineralização. Os resultados e interpretações obtidos podem ser aplicados em trabalhos futuros no depósito, como na classificação do recurso mineral, no refinamento do modelo geológico e no planejamento de futuras malhas de sondagem infill. / Santa Maria is a mineral exploration project conducted by Votorantim Metais Ltda, with focus on zinc and lead extraction. The project is located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in the vicinities of the old mines of Camaquã and Uruguay, a favorable area for mineral exploration. There is enough information about Santa Maria\'s deposit to allow the estimation of mineral resources and the project\'s economical viability study, however, its mineralization occurs in heterogeneous ways and is conditioned to complex geological structural features, casting doubts about the shape and volume of the ore bodies. The main goal of this research is evaluating the uncertainty associated with the modeling of the orebodies. This evaluation was performed by comparing a three-dimensional model created by section interpretation and other two probabilistic models: one generated by indicator kriging, and the other generated by sequential indicator simulation, which allowed the interpretation of the associated uncertainty. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to quantify the maximum, minimum and average expected volume of the deposit, and also to evaluate the regions of most and least reliability. The joint use of indicator kriging and sequential indicator simulation methods proved to be an excelent tool for evaluating the interpreted model. By processing the results it was possible to obtain information about deposit\'s local and global variability and spatial behavior of mineralization. The obtained results and interpretations can be applied in deposit\'s further sutdies, for instance, to classify the mineral resource, to refine the geological model or to plan future infill drilholes.

Submitted by Herson Mutterle dos Santos (herson@mutterle.com.br) on 2017-09-07T14:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-09-11T15:45:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-11T16:01:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Herson Mutterle - Dissertação (Proposta de um sistema de indicadores de desempenho de vendas na indústria de sementes de soja).pdf: 4638844 bytes, checksum: 192db083fb18db139025f54aff246894 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-11 / A medição das variáveis que permeiam o ambiente de negócios é tema relevante no âmbito da administração de empresas contemporâneas. Essas medições são estruturadas por meio de Sistemas de Indicadores de Desempenho (SID), concebidos como instrumentos para subsidiar o processo decisório. Entretanto estudos evidenciam que diversas empresas não se utilizam de tal ferramenta em seu cotidiano. Realidade também das empresas que atuam nas cadeias de agronegócio dentre as quais se inserem as empresas produtoras de sementes de soja. Nesse sentido, esta dissertação teve como objetivo estruturar um SID cuja finalidade fosse instrumentalizar o processo decisório da força de vendas (SIDV) de empresas desse setor. Para isso, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura que permitiu identificar alguns modelos de SID amplamente utilizados que serviram de influência para o modelo aqui proposto. Esse se compõe de quatro fases e cada fase é subdividida em etapas que devem ser executadas sequencialmente para que se atinja o resultado planejado. A primeira fase consiste na análise da estratégia organizacional, onde são avaliadas as relações entre a missão da empresa, seus objetivos estratégicos e suas metas de negócio. Essa atividade permite identificar quais as metas relacionadas à área de vendas são prioridade e, portanto, devem ser desdobradas em nível de processo, possibilitando alinhamento entre o SIDV e o plano estratégico da organização. A segunda fase consiste na análise do processo do departamento de vendas. Esse é mapeado por meio da construção de um fluxograma que permita identificar as estruturas de decisão que o compõe e avaliar a sua capacidade de atender o plano estratégico da organização. A terceira fase compreende a estruturação do SIDV, onde são identificados e validados os indicadores que permitem, diante da estrutura de decisão avaliada, instrumentalizar o processo decisório. Esses são caracterizados e classificados de acordo com sua relevância. Posteriormente são estruturados por meio de uma interface que permita sua consulta pelos seus usuários. Na quarta fase, são realizados os testes para identificar possíveis falhas em sua concepção. Também são estabelecidos fluxos de retroalimentação para permitir a melhoria continua do SIDV. Essa fase se encerra com o lançamento oficial da ferramenta pela liderança da área. O modelo foi testado em uma empresa de atuação relevante no setor. Apesar de moderada resistência percebida na fase inicial, o principal desafio identificado se centrou no alinhamento entre as agendas dos membros do time de implementação. Isso exigiu um período importante para sua concepção e adequação às necessidades do negócio. Entretanto, não impediu concluir com eficácia os objetivos propostos por este trabalho. / The measurement of the variables that permeate the business environment is a relevant topic in the scope of the management of contemporary companies. These measurements are structured through Performance Indicator Systems (SIDs), designed as instruments to support the decision-making process. However, studies show that several companies do not use such a tool in their daily lives. Reality also of the companies that work in the chains of agribusiness, among which are included the companies producing soybean seeds. In this sense, this dissertation aimed at structuring a SID whose purpose was to instrumentalize the decision-making process of the sales force (SIDV) of companies in this sector. For this, a review of the literature was made that allowed to identify some widely used SID models that served as influence for the model proposed here. It consists of four phases and each phase is subdivided into steps that must be performed sequentially in order to achieve the planned result. The first phase consists of the analysis of the organizational strategy, where the relations between the company's mission, its strategic objectives and its business goals are evaluated. This activity allows to identify which goals related to the sales area are priority and, therefore, must be deployed at the process level, allowing alignment between the SIDV and the organization's strategic plan. The second phase consists of the analysis of the sales department process. This is mapped through the construction of a flowchart that allows identifying the decision structures that compose it and evaluating its ability to meet the strategic plan of the organization. The third phase comprises the structuring of the SIDV, in which the indicators are identified and validated, which allow, in view of the decision structure evaluated, to instrumentalize the decision-making process. These are characterized and classified according to their relevance. Subsequently, they are structured through an interface that allows their users to consult it. In the fourth phase, the tests are performed to identify possible flaws in their design. Feedback flows are also established to allow continuous improvement of SIDV. This phase closes with its official launch of the tool by the leadership of the area. The model was tested in a company of relevant performance in the sector. Despite moderate perceived resistance in the initial phase, the main challenge identified focused on the alignment between the agendas of the implementation team members. This required an important period for its design and suitability to the needs of the business. However, it did not prevent the successful conclusion of the objectives proposed by this study.

Submitted by Danielle Macedo Aranha (dani_0102@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-06T21:00:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A RELAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE CONFIANÇA COM O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO.docx: 658170 bytes, checksum: 8db8fac9d73ee52753d7dea622caa12f (MD5) / Rejected by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br), reason: Prezada Danielle, boa tarde. Para que possamos aprovar seu trabalho, favor fazer as seguintes correções: - Nas páginas que são inseridos os títulos do arquivo devem estar em NEGRITO; -"Lista de Figuras" e "Lista de Tabelas" devem estar centralizadas na página e também em negrito. Favos fazer as correções, qualquer dúvida mande um e-mail para mestradoprofissional@fgv.br ou ligue 3799-7764 Att, Thais Oliveira on 2017-09-11T18:21:15Z (GMT) / Submitted by Danielle Macedo Aranha (dani_0102@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-11T18:54:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A RELAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE CONFIANÇA COM O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO.docx: 658733 bytes, checksum: fa7738dbb3e7a53acc869bbc06a98776 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Joana Martorini (joana.martorini@fgv.br) on 2017-09-11T19:17:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A RELAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE CONFIANÇA COM O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO.docx: 658733 bytes, checksum: fa7738dbb3e7a53acc869bbc06a98776 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-12T13:54:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A RELAÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE CONFIANÇA COM O CRESCIMENTO ECONÔMICO.docx: 658733 bytes, checksum: fa7738dbb3e7a53acc869bbc06a98776 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-29 / The objective of this work is to understand how the confidence indexes can be used as predictors of GDP estimated by two methods: Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method and Autoregressive Vectors (VAR), with estimates outside the sample. The period adopted for this work comprises the beginning of 2002 until May 2017, considering all the quarterly series. The series adopted were taken from surveys published by the Brazilian Institute of Economics (IBRE) of the Getulio Vargas Foundation and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). We have identified that confidence indicators may be good predictors of economic growth, however, they could not be used in isolation to determine the changing trend of the economic cycle. In addition, the inclusion of macroeconomic variables did not eliminate the predictive power of confidence indicators. It was verified through the models that they have a significant weight that can partially explain the cycle of economic activity, but the short period of the variables is still limiting for their complete evaluation, especially when trying to verify their short-term relationship. / O trabalho tem como objetivo compreender como os índices de confiança podem ser utilizados como previsores do PIB estimados por dois métodos: método dos Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) e Vetores Autoregressivos (VAR), com previsões fora da amostra. O período adotado para este trabalho compreende o início de 2002 até maio de 2017, considerando todas as séries trimestrais. As séries adotadas foram extraídas das pesquisas divulgadas pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE) da Fundação Getulio Vargas e pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Identificamos que os indicadores de confiança podem ser bons preditores do crescimento econômico, contudo, não poderiam ser usados isoladamente para determinar a mudança de tendência do ciclo econômico. Adicionalmente, a inclusão de variáveis macroeconômicas não eliminou o poder preditivo dos indicadores de confiança. Verificou-se através dos modelos que eles possuem um peso significante que podem explicar parcialmente o ciclo da atividade econômica, mas o curto período das variáveis ainda é limitador para sua completa avaliação, principalmente, quando se tenta verificar sua relação de curto prazo.

L’objectif général de ces travaux de recherche vise à faciliter les activités collaboratives médiées par un progiciel de gestion de connaissances. Plus précisément, nous souhaitons améliorer les activités collaboratives par la mise en place d’indicateurs. Nous entendons par là faciliter le déroulement ou des processus collaboratifs mis en œuvre et soutenir les réseaux sociaux au sein des activités. Pour cela, nous proposons d’observer l’activité des utilisateurs en proposant des indicateurs de collaboration calculés à partir des traces numériques d’activités. Le premier objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier ce que sont les indicateurs de collaboration en déterminant les informations qui les définissent. Pour pouvoir exploiter au mieux les indicateurs, nous proposons une classification composée de six grandes caractéristiques indépendantes qui correspondent aux éléments fondamentaux pour l’élaboration d’indicateurs de collaboration. Cette classification nous fournit des indications pour construire, modéliser et mettre en place un indicateur dans un environnement collaboratif tel que ceux que nous étudions dans le cadre du projet. De plus, cette thèse présente un framework de gestion d’indicateurs basé sur une approche centrée utilisateur. En effet, en observant l’utilisation actuelle des indicateurs dans des plateformes de gestion de contenus, nous nous sommes rendus-compte que le processus d’élaboration et d'acceptation était long et complexe. Par conséquent, lorsqu’un indicateur est en place dans un environnement et qu’il fonctionne correctement, il est intéressant de le réutiliser dans d’autres contextes. Cette réutilisation peut se faire intégralement ou partiellement. Nous proposons donc une modélisation qui prend en compte les problématiques de réutilisation ainsi que de personnalisation et d’adaptation des indicateurs en fonction des utilisateurs et/ou du contexte de l’activité. Dans notre approche, les indicateurs sont calculés à partir des traces d’activités laissées par les utilisateurs de la plate-forme. Pour faciliter la mise en place de ces indicateurs, nous avons développé un outil informatique qui va permettre d’assister les utilisateurs dans l’élaboration d’indicateurs : GINDIC (Générateur d’INDICateurs). Avec cet outil, les concepteurs vont pouvoir construire des indicateurs : leur définition, les calculs effectués sur les traces pour obtenir la valeur de l’indicateur et leur visualisation. Nous avons choisi de gérer les indicateurs à l’aide d’un système à base de règles, où les traces sont des faits, tandis que les processus de calcul des indicateurs sont des règles. Cette thèse s’est effectuée dans le cadre d’un projet ANR intitulé ProCoGeC (Progiciel Collaboratif de Gestion de Connaissances). Un langage à base de règles a été confronté aux besoins de ce projet. Il nous permet de décrire les processus de construction de l’ensemble des indicateurs issus d’un recueil des besoins. De plus, une expérimentation de l’outil a été réalisée auprès d’un des partenaires industriels du projet, client d’une plate-forme collaborative de gestion de contenus. / The objective of the research carried is to facilitate collaborative activities in knowledge management software. More particularly, we aim to improve collaborative activities by the implementation of indicators. We intend thus to facilitate the progression of one or several implemented collaborative processes and to support the social networks within the activities. For that purpose, we propose to observe the users’ activity by providing collaboration indicators calculated from the digital traces of activities. The first objective of this thesis is to identify the characteristics of the collaboration indicators. In order to make the best possible use of indicators, we propose a classification composed of six main independent characteristics which correspond to the fundamental elements for the elaboration of collaboration indicators. This classification supplies us with indications to build, model and set up an indicator in a collaborative environment such as those studied in the context of the project. Moreover, this thesis presents a framework for the management of indicators based on a user-centred approach. Indeed, by observing the current use of indicators in platforms of knowledge management, we realized that the process of elaboration and acceptance was long and complex. Consequently, when an indicator is established in an environment and when it works properly, it is interesting to reuse it in other contexts. This reusing can be done entirely or partially. We thus propose a type of modeling which takes into account the reuse issues as well as those of the personalization and adaptation of indicators according to the user and\or to the context of the activity. In our approach, the indicators are calculated from the activity traces left by the users. To facilitate the implementation of these indicators, we have developed a tool which assists the users during the elaboration of indicators: GINDIC (Generator of INDICATORS). With this tool, the designers are able to build indicators: their definition, the calculations made on traces to obtain the indicator value, and their displaying. We have chosen to manage indicators by using a rules-based system, where traces are facts, whereas the calculation processes for indicators are rules. This thesis has been written within the framework of a project financed by the French National Research Agency entitled ProCoGeC (Collaborative Software package of Management of Knowledge). A rules-based language was compared with the needs of the ProCoGeC project. It helps us to describe the calculation processes for all indicators stemming from the users’ requirements. An experiment with the tool has been carried out with one of the industrial partners of the project, who is the client of a collaborative platform of knowledge management.

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-15T12:05:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio dos Santos Santiago.pdf: 3247120 bytes, checksum: d574e99d4f917f68af4d37b81e4e642f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-15T12:05:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio dos Santos Santiago.pdf: 3247120 bytes, checksum: d574e99d4f917f68af4d37b81e4e642f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-25 / The Semiarid Northeast Brazil is characterized by hydric deficit, has low soil organic matter, mainly due to erosion, high temperatures and reduced replacement of plant residues and/or organic fertilization. The inadequate use and management in farming systems in the semiarid region may decline the soil's ability to sustain short-time production. This can lead an itinerant agriculture in search of new areas on the caatinga, causing the loss of biodiversity and vulnerability of food production. In this context, currently, there is a demand of the scientific community to develop sustainable agricultural systems and the world population with healthy foods. Therefore, the transition of agricultural systems in Semiarid from conventional to agroecological becomes strategic for resilience, maintaining the soil productivity and less pressure on the caatinga. The agroecological management of soil excludes the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and at the same time, contributed to attachment of organic carbon, nutrient cycling, soil protection and diversity of culture. In this sense, the aim of this study is to prove the relevance of soil quality in irrigated agroecological systems (A area) compared to conventional (C area). For this, it were used areas A and C and other natural vegetation (V area), without human action, for characterization purposes; located in the community of family farmers Sombras Grandes, Caraúbas, RN. The historical use and management of the A, C, V areas were recorded, in order to observe the trend of soil quality indicators from a time frame. In the A and C areas, simple soil samples were used to determine physical (Bd, TP, CDW, FD, AW, AW/TP and Mfc/TP) and chemical (pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P assimilable, SB, Al + H, BS, CEC, TOC, CS, EC and ESP) indicators in the layers 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm in the sampling grid of 0.5 ha, in five georeferenced points/year, between 2009 and 2012, totaling 40 samples per area; soil penetration resistance (SPR) with the use of impact penetrometer IAA/Planalsucar - Stolf model, to a depth of 0-20 cm, 0.05 m of intervals, in five points with five replications, between 2009 and 2011; and soil quality index (SQI), integrated quality index (IQI) and soil quality index through soil deterioration (SQId). The analysis of soil macro fauna was performed by Pitfall traps, in order to identify the organisms into functional groups and the wealth index of species of Margalef, Shannon diversity and uniformity of Pielou. It was used the statistical method nonparametric Kruskal Wallis for comparison of soil quality indicators between A and C areas at 5% and 1% significance; the Pearson correlation matrix to test the association between the variables; and principal component analysis (PCA) to check the indicators sensitivity . The use and management in the A area, 0-20 cm layer, it were significantly different and presented better results of soil quality to the C area, in relation to physical (Bd, TP, CDW and FD) and chemical (TOC, CS and Al + H) indicators of soil. The chemical indicators (Ca, Mg, K, CEC, P and SB) didn‟t achieve significant difference between A and C areas, but presented high values able to maintain soil fertility . There were significant difference of PR values in the A area and the best results in relation to the C area, the layers 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm. In A area, layers 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm, there was a significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) and positive between TOC and CEC (r = 0.71, r= 0.71, respectively). In the A area, 0-20 cm layer, TP showed significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) with TOC and positive (r = 0.70). In the A area, Factor 1, 0-20 cm layer, it was the main component (MC) that explained most of the variance data corresponding to 34.20%; and soil variables that presented significant correlation (p≤0.01) and positive with the agroecological farming system were Mg (0.716946), SB (0.849990), BS (0.821112), CEC (0.848423), TOC (0.859802), CS (0.825854) and TP (0.776193), indicating that agroecological practices positively affected soil quality indicators over time. The richness, diversity and uniformity of soil fauna indices in A area showed higher values than the C area. The different methodologies and depths studied, soil quality indices were better classified in the A area in relation to C area. The A area had physical indicators, chemical and biological able to maintain and/or increase the soil productive capacity, without the use of chemical fertilizers. / O Semiárido do Nordeste do Brasil é caracterizado por déficit hídrico, apresenta baixa matéria orgânica do solo devido, principalmente, a processos de erosão, elevadas temperaturas e reduzida reposição de resíduos vegetais e/ou adubação orgânica. O uso e manejo inadequados em sistemas de cultivo na região semiárida podem declinar a capacidade do solo em sustentar a produção em tempo reduzido. Isso pode levar uma agricultura itinerante à busca de novas áreas sobre a caatinga, gerando a perda da biodiversidade e vulnerabilidade da produção de alimentos. Neste contexto, atualmente, há uma procura da comunidade científica em desenvolver sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis e da população mundial por alimentos saudáveis. Portanto, a transição de sistemas agrícolas no Semiárido de convencionais para agroecológicos se torna estratégico para resiliência, manutenção da capacidade produtiva do solo e menor pressão sobre a caatinga. O manejo agroecológico do solo exclui o uso de adubos químicos e agrotóxicos e, ao mesmo tempo, contribuiu para fixação de carbono orgânico, ciclagem de nutrientes, proteção do solo e diversidade de cultivo. Neste sentido, o objetivo do trabalho é comprovar a relevância da qualidade do solo em sistemas de cultivo irrigado agroecológico (área A) comparativamente ao convencional (área C). Para isso, foram utilizadas as áreas A e C e uma de vegetação natural (área V), sem ação antrópica, para fins de caracterização; na comunidade de agricultores familiares de Sombras Grandes, Caraúbas, RN. Foram registrados os históricos de uso e manejo nas áreas A, C, V, de modo a observar a tendência dos indicadores de qualidade do solo a partir de um recorte temporal. Nas áreas A e C, foram utilizadas amostras simples de solo para determinação dos indicadores físicos (Ds, PT, ADA, GF, AD, AD/PT e Uvcc/PT) e químicos (pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, P assimilável, SB, Al + H, V, CTC, COT, Est C, CE e PST), nas camadas 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm, numa malha amostral de 0,5 ha, em cinco pontos georreferenciados/ano, entre 2009 e 2012, totalizando 40 amostras por área; resistência à penetração do solo (RP) com utilização de penetrômetro de impacto modelo IAA/Planalsucar – Stolf, 0-20 cm, intervalos de 0,05m, em cinco pontos com cinco repetições, entre 2009 e 2011; e índice de qualidade do solo (IQS), índice de qualidade integrada (IQI) e índice de qualidade através da deterioração do solo (IQSd). A análise da macrofauna do solo foi realizada através de armadilhas tipo Pitfall, visando à identificação dos organismos em grupos funcionais e dos índices de riqueza de espécies de Margalef, diversidade de Shannon e uniformidade de Pielou. Foi utilizado o método estatístico não paramétrico de Kruskal Wallis para efeito de comparação dos indicadores de qualidade do solo entre as áreas A e C a 5% e 1% de significância; a matriz de correlação de Pearson para testar a associação entre as variáveis; e análise de componentes principais (ACP) para verificar a sensibilidade dos indicadores. O uso e manejo na área A, camada 0-20 cm, apresentaram diferença significativa e melhores resultados de qualidade do solo que à área C, em relação aos indicadores físicos (Ds, PT, ADA e GF) e químicos (COT, Est C e Al + H) do solo. Os indicadores químicos (Ca, Mg, K, CTC, P e SB) não obtiveram diferença significativa entre as áreas A e C, mas apresentaram valores altos capazes de manter a fertilidade do solo. Houve diferença significativa dos valores de RP na área A e melhores resultados em relação à área C, nas camadas 0-5 cm e 5-10 cm. Na área A, camadas 0-20 cm e 20-40 cm, houve correlação significativa (p≤ 0,01) e positiva entre COT e CTC (r = 0,71, r = 0,71, respectivamente). Na área A, camada 0-20 cm, a PT apresentou correlação significativa (p≤ 0,01) com COT e positiva (r = 0,70). Na área A, o Fator 1, camada 0-20 cm, foi o componente principal (PC) que explicou a maior variância dos dados que correspondeu a 34,20%; e as variáveis do solo que apresentaram correlação significativa (p≤ 0,01) e positiva com o sistema de cultivo agroecológico foram o Mg (0,716946), SB (0,849990), V (0,821112), CTC (0,848423), COT (0,859802), Est C (0,825854) e a PT (0,776193), evidenciando que as práticas agroecológicas afetaram positivamente os indicadores de qualidade do solo ao longo do tempo. Os índices de riqueza, diversidade e uniformidade da fauna edáfica na área A apresentaram maiores valores que a área C. Nas diferentes metodologias e profundidades estudadas, os índices de qualidade do solo foram melhores classificados na área A em relação a C. A área A apresentou indicadores físicos, químicos e biológicos capazes de manter e/ou elevar a capacidade produtiva do solo, sem a necessidade da utilização de adubos químicos.

S'il est acquis depuis de nombreuses années que la gestion de la Santé-sécurité au travail (SST) s'effectue par le biais de Systèmes de Management (SMS), la question de la mesure de la performance et du pilotage de ces derniers reste d'actualité. Traditionnellement, la mesure de la performance de ces SMS est fondée sur l'utilisation d'indicateurs de résultats : fréquence et gravité des arrêts de travail et des maladies professionnelles. Ce type d'indicateurs « traditionnels » « a posteriori » présente plusieurs contraintes et limites. Ils sont construits à partir de résultats antérieurs et ne permettent pas, entre autre, de corriger les situations déviantes jamais survenues auparavant. Une transposition du concept de Tableau de Bord « prospectif » appliqué au domaine de la gestion de la SST permet de répondre en partie aux lacunes identifiées avec l'utilisation des seuls indicateurs SST « traditionnels » Un cas pratique de Tableau de Bord « prospectif » en SST appliqué à deux principaux processus de gestion de la Santé-Sécurité (maîtrise des conformités réglementaires et des risques professionnels) est décrit dans le cadre d'une expérimentation conduite avec entreprise du domaine de l'aéronautique. / While it has been established for many years that the management of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is carried out by means of Management Systems, the question of how to measure the performance and the control of these systems is still current. Traditionally, the performance indicators used to measure the performance of Management Systems are: the frequency and severity of absences due to sickness, and work-related diseases. These traditional, retrospective indicators have several constraints and limitations which include the fact that they are based on historical results and cannot be used proactively to handle anomalous situations. The use of the concept of the Balanced Scorecard applied to the field of OHS management responds in part to deficiencies identified in the sole use of traditional OHS indicators. A case study of the OHS Balanced Scorecard applied to two key health and safety management processes (regulatory compliance and risk management) is described as part of an experiment with a company in the aerospace sector.

En France, les phénomènes de périurbanisation imposent une réflexion sur les conditions d’un développement urbain durable. En zone languedocienne, dans un contexte de forte attractivité démographique, l'urbanisation rapide et mal maîtrisée se fait aux dépens des terres agricoles les plus productives de la région, sur la plaine littorale. L’évolution des demandes sociales et les enjeux autour de la sécurité alimentaire mondiale interrogent sur la façon dont les politiques de planification périurbaine intègrent le foncier agricole. Pour objectiver les débats et appuyer les décisions, les instances agricoles expriment des besoins urgents en indicateurs spatialisés. L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer une démarche de co-construction d’un système d’indicateurs pour suivre les processus d’artificialisation des terres. Modélisation systémique et concertation itérative ont été retenues comme les approches adaptées pour guider le processus de constitution et de sélection des indicateurs. Cette recherche revisite le modèle DPSIR en l’adaptant au concept de système territorial et propose d’organiser la participation des acteurs pour garantir une légitimité d'utilisation des indicateurs. L’application de la méthode, inscrite dans des impératifs d’opérationnalité, porte sur la production et la mise à disposition en ligne d’un ensemble organisé de 141 indicateurs spatialisés liant l’évolution du capital foncier à celle de la tache artificialisée languedocienne. / In France, suburbanization phenomena impose to think the conditions for sustainable urban development. In the Languedoc region, in a context of a strong demographic attractiveness, fast and uncontrolled urbanization happens at the expense of the most productive farmland in the region, on the coastal plain. The evolution of social demands, as well as issues around food security on a world scale, raise the question how suburban planning policies deal with the agricultural land issue. In order to objectify discussions and support the decisions, the agricultural authorities have expressed an urgent need for spatial indicators. The objective of this thesis is to propose an approach to co-build a system of indicators so as to monitor the land urbanization process. Systems modeling and iterative consultation were chosen as the appropriate approaches to lead the making up process and the selection of indicators. This research revisits the DPSIR model by adapting it to the concept of territorial system and proposes to organize the participation of stakeholders to ensure legitimacy for the use of indicators. The method application, part of the operational requirements, covers the production and availability online of a structured set of 141 spatial indicators linking the evolution of land assets and the one of the languedocian “artificialized patch”.

Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit ist die Entwicklung von Qualitätsindikatoren für den Prozess „Empfehlungen der Apotheke zur Weiterführung der Medikation“ im Klinikum Mutterhaus. Damit soll ein Instrument entwickelt werden, das patientenbezogene Dienstleistungen der Krankenhausapotheker an der intersektoralen Schnittstelle im Hinblick auf das Qualitätsziel Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit messen und bewerten kann. Schwachstellen und Verbesserungspotentiale über den Verantwortungsbereich der Apotheke hinaus sollen identifiziert und in einen kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess eingebracht werden können. Methodik: Zur Entwicklung der Qualitätsindikatoren wurde ein mehrstufiges Verfahren gewählt. Zunächst wurden die Qualitätsziele des Prozesses definiert und eine Prozessanalyse durchgeführt. Die Literaturrecherche auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene gab Anhaltspunkte zur Ableitung von Qualitätsindikatoren. Basierend auf der Prozessanalyse und der Literaturrecherche wurden Qualitätsindikatoren für den Prozess „Empfehlungen der Apotheke zur Weiterführung der Medikation“ entwickelt. Anhand einer retrospektiven Datenerhebung wurden die entwickelten Qualitätsindikatoren auf ihre Aussagekraft und Eignung geprüft. Der Prozess wurde mit Hilfe der Qualitätsindikatoren gemessen und bewertet. Schlussfolgerung: Mit Hilfe von fünf Qualitätsindikatoren-Sets kann der Prozess „Empfehlungen der Apotheke zur Weiterführung der Medikation“ umfassend untersucht werden. Die entwickelten Qualitätsindikatoren sind geeignet, die pharmazeutische Dienstleistung im Hinblick auf das Qualitätsziel Arzneimitteltherapiesicherheit zu messen und zu bewerten. Sie ermöglichen die Evaluation des Prozesses und zukünftiger Verbesserungsmaßnahmen. Anhand der Qualitätsindikatoren wird zukünftig ein Monitoring der Dienstleistung möglich sein. / Purpose: The aim of this thesis is the development of quality indicators for the process "recommendations of the pharmacy to continue patient’s medication" at Klinikum Mutterhaus. An instrument is to be developed that can measure and rate the patient-related services of the hospital pharmacist at the intersectoral interface in terms of quality target in medication safety. Weaknesses and potential improvements should be identified and incorporated into a continuous improvement process. Methods: A multistage process is selected for the development of the quality indicators. First, the quality objectives of the process are defined and a process analysis is performed. A literature review on national and international level shall provide evidence for the derivation of quality indicators. Based on the process analysis and the literature review the quality indicators for the "Recommendations of the pharmacy to continue patient`s medication” are developed. In a retrospective data collection, the developed quality indicators are tested for their validity and suitability. The process is finally measured by the quality indicators and evaluated. Conclusion: With the help of five quality indicator sets the process "recommendations of the pharmacy to continue patient’s medication" can be fully investigated. The developed quality indicators are suitable to measure and evaluate the process in terms of the quality target medication safety. So the evaluation of the process and future improvements are possible. On the basis of the quality indicators a monitoring of the process can be established in the future.

Samverkan är ett ständigt aktuellt ämne som ofta diskuteras i samhällsdebatten och ses som en lösning på många problem. När sjuktalen ökade i början av 2000-talet, fattade regeringen beslut om att avsätta medel för projekt inom och mellan myndigheter som ett steg på vägen mot att lösa problemen. Sjukskrivningstalen sjönk sedan mellan åren 2002 och 2010 för att åter vända uppåt. Idag behövs fortfarande åtgärder för att förbättra arbetsmiljön och få ner ohälsotalen i samhället. Denna uppsats beskriver samverkan i ett samarbetsprojekt avseende hälsonyckeltal. Huvudsyftet är att identifiera förutsättningarna för Centrogruppens samarbetsprojekt och studera samspelet mellan de deltagande myndigheterna. Ett andra syfte är att i teoridelen göra en litteraturgenomgång och beskrivning av begreppen samverkan, samarbete och närliggande begrepp. Det tredje syftet är att beskriva och analysera de bestående resultaten av samarbetsprojektet. I ett människa-teknik-organisation (M-T-O) och arbetsmiljöperspektiv är det intressant att se om samverkan mellan organisationer kan bidra till en bättre arbetsmiljö och minskande sjuktal. Uppsatsen är skriven under två perioder, där jag under den första delen följde Centromyndigheternas Hälsobokslutsprojekt och i den andra delen följde upp hur det gick med myndigheternas användning av nyckeltalen. Genom deltagande observation, kombinerat med individuella intervjuer, studerade jag myndigheternas samverkan under projekttiden. Utifrån den teoretiska bakgrunden om vilken plattform som behövs för ett lyckat samarbete skattade och beskrev deltagarna projektarbetets förutsättningar utifrån parametrarna; tillit, jämlika relationer, tid och resurser samt externt stöd. Resultatet visade att det fanns goda förutsättningar för projektet som också genomfördes enligt plan och levererade en slutprodukt, bestående av förslag på gemensamma hälsonyckeltal och en rapport. Sett över tid kan det ändå konstateras att hälsonyckeltalen inte fick det genomslag och den användning som avsetts, eftersom endast två av myndigheterna använder nyckeltalen i sin redovisning. De främsta skälen till att nyckeltalen inte kom att användas på det sätt som initialt var planerat uppges vara omorganisation av verksamheten, svårigheter med den digitala överföringen samt byte av medarbetare på vissa nyckelpositioner. / Collaboration is a recurring topic in the public debate, and is often seen as a possible solution to many problems. When the disease rate kept increasing in the early 2000s, the Swedish government decided to allocate funds to enable government agencies to set up projects, as a step towards reversing the trend. The disease rate in Sweden fell between the years 2002 and 2010, and then started increasing again. There is still a need for measures to be taken in order to improve the working environment and reduce ill health in society. This paper describes the interactions in a joint project concerning health ratios. The main objective is to identify the conditions for a group of government agencies, called the Centro-group, and to study the interaction between the participating authorities. A second objective is to carry out a literature review of the cooperation, collaboration and related concepts. The third objective is to describe and analyse the remaining results of the joint project. From a Human-Technology-Organisation (HTO) and Workplace Health and Safety (WHS) perspective, it is interesting to see if cooperation between organizations can contribute to a better working environment and to reducing morbidity. This paper is written during two periods. During the first part I studied the Centro authorities' Health accounting Project, and in the second part I followed up what happened with the authorities' use of key indicators. Through participant observation, combined with individual interviews, I studied the authorities' cooperation during the project. Based on the theoretical background of the platform needed for successful cooperation, the participants described the project's conditions based on the parameters; reliance, equal relations, time and resources, as well as external support. The results showed that there were good conditions for the project, as they were defined in the theoretical platform. The project was carried out as planned and delivered a result consisting of joint health indicators and a final report. Over time it has been shown that the health indicators were not used as intended, because only two of the authorities use the key indicators in their Annual Report. The main reasons that the health indicators did not have the intended impact were reported to be reorganisations, difficulties with the digital transmission, as well as replacement of employees in certain key positions.