La détermination de l’individu dangereux est une entreprise complexe qui implique de dépasser la polysémie à laquelle renvoie le mot, de se défaire de l’image négative à laquelle renvoie l’auteur d’infraction grave pour se concentrer sur les moyens permettant d’éviter le renouvellement d’infraction. A cette fin, la démarche évaluative par le biais de l’expertise est intéressante, car elle favorise la prise en considération de la situation personnelle et contextuelle de l’individu dangereux avant son passage à l’acte. Toutefois, l’évaluation telle qu’aujourd’hui pratiquée, est technique et lacunaire, complexifiant l’accès de son contenu aux profanes. La peur du risque de renouvellement d’une infraction grave, dans un contexte sécuritaire, fait primer un principe de précaution, qui tend à nier les libertés fondamentales de l’individu et à favoriser le développement de mesures de sûreté.Par ailleurs, le traitement pénal de l’individu dangereux, qui s’inscrit dans un contexte européen et international auquel la France a adhéré promouvant l’objectif de réinsertion de tout individu, y compris considéré comme dangereux, ne semble pas, en pratique, remplir ses objectifs Le traitement pénal de l’individu dangereux ne repose pas sur l’utopie de réinsérer tous les auteurs d’infractions graves, mais de rechercher avec eux des solutions adaptées à leurs particularités, en les accompagnant vers la recherche du sens de la peine pour donner une orientation nouvelle à leur vie. / The dangerous individual’s determination is a complex work which implies to exceed the polysemy to which the word sends back and to get rid of the negative image to which the author of serious infringement is connected, to concentrate on the means allowing to prevent the renewal of infringement. At this end, the evaluative assessment such as today practiced, is technical and incomplete, making still the access of its contents to the laymen complex. Fear risks it of renewal of a grave infringement, in a security context, makes outdo a precautionary principle which tends to deny the individual's fundamental rights. and to favor the measures of security’s pronouncement.Furthermore, the dangerous individual 's penal treatment writes himself in an European and international context to whom France joined and who promotes the objective of reintegration of any individual including considered how dangerous, doesn’t seem to reach its objectives in practice. The dangerous individual 's penal treatment does not rest on the utopia to reinsert all of the authors of serious infringements but to search for remedies fitted to trap with them idiosyncrasies accompanying them towards the research of the sense of the punishment over give a new to their life orientation.

Private sector, government and the academia have been recognizing the value of a \'designerly\' approach to business problems, in the context that the traditional technical-rationality has been insufficient to address issues in the contemporary volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. Design Thinking has been growing since Tim Brown, CEO of a prestigious global design agency, started advocating and disseminating this approach in the business environment ten years ago. As more organizations are implementing Design Thinking (DT), this research aims to analyze the relation between individuals\' Readiness for adopting DT in organizations and their thinking styles, namely Rationality and Experientiality. From the literature review, some authors characterize Design Thinking by its focus on human needs, open objectives so creativity can arise, iteratively, reliance on qualitative methods, intuition and experience, - to name some of the characteristics. Accordingly, the initial hypothesis of this research stated that individuals with high Experientiality score would be the ones with higher Readiness to adopt Design Thinking. A quantitative survey was designed based on existing instruments in the academic literature. For assessing the thinking styles, the Rationality-Experientiality Inventory (REI) developed by Pacini & Epstein (1999) was integrally applied; for measuring the individual\'s Readiness for adoption of Design Thinking, the Readiness for Organizational Change Measure (ROCM) developed by Holt, Armenakis, Feild, & Harris (2007b) was partially applied; and to collect the respondents\' understanding on Design Thinking, questions were designed based on the paper published by Glen, Suciu & Baughn (2014). The sample size had 251 valid respondents from the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil), with declared knowledge or experience with Design Thinking. One-way ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences within the terciles of Rationality, Experientiality and Readiness-for-change and between the thinking styles terciles and the score of Readiness for adopting Design Thinking; Regression Analysis was conducted to determine, among all variables in the research, which are the ones explaining Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The results pointed out that the group of individuals with high score of Rationality (third tercile) presented higher Readiness for adopting Design Thinking, as well as the third and first terciles of Experientiality. Furthermore, when Rationality and Experientiality scores were analyzed together, both thinking styles did have influence on the individuals\' Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The understanding of the level of individual\'s thinking styles provides some light on the challenges ahead regarding the acceptance of Design Thinking. Smoother and more efficient change management programs can be designed for educational programs relying on Design Thinking or for departments in organizations implementing Design Thinking. These findings may implicate in further researches in the cognitive field of Design Thinking, as the success of DT adoption in organizations can be influenced by the thinking style profile which is dominant in the selected department or functional area to be implemented. / Private sector, government and the academia have been recognizing the value of a \'designerly\' approach to business problems, in the context that the traditional technical-rationality has been insufficient to address issues in the contemporary volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous environment. Design Thinking has been growing since Tim Brown, CEO of a prestigious global design agency, started advocating and disseminating this approach in the business environment ten years ago. As more organizations are implementing Design Thinking (DT), this research aims to analyze the relation between individuals\' Readiness for adopting DT in organizations and their thinking styles, namely Rationality and Experientiality. From the literature review, some authors characterize Design Thinking by its focus on human needs, open objectives so creativity can arise, iteratively, reliance on qualitative methods, intuition and experience, - to name some of the characteristics. Accordingly, the initial hypothesis of this research stated that individuals with high Experientiality score would be the ones with higher Readiness to adopt Design Thinking. A quantitative survey was designed based on existing instruments in the academic literature. For assessing the thinking styles, the Rationality-Experientiality Inventory (REI) developed by Pacini & Epstein (1999) was integrally applied; for measuring the individual\'s Readiness for adoption of Design Thinking, the Readiness for Organizational Change Measure (ROCM) developed by Holt, Armenakis, Feild, & Harris (2007b) was partially applied; and to collect the respondents\' understanding on Design Thinking, questions were designed based on the paper published by Glen, Suciu & Baughn (2014). The sample size had 251 valid respondents from the state of Sao Paulo (Brazil), with declared knowledge or experience with Design Thinking. One-way ANOVA was conducted to determine significant differences within the terciles of Rationality, Experientiality and Readiness-for-change and between the thinking styles terciles and the score of Readiness for adopting Design Thinking; Regression Analysis was conducted to determine, among all variables in the research, which are the ones explaining Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The results pointed out that the group of individuals with high score of Rationality (third tercile) presented higher Readiness for adopting Design Thinking, as well as the third and first terciles of Experientiality. Furthermore, when Rationality and Experientiality scores were analyzed together, both thinking styles did have influence on the individuals\' Readiness for adopting Design Thinking. The understanding of the level of individual\'s thinking styles provides some light on the challenges ahead regarding the acceptance of Design Thinking. Smoother and more efficient change management programs can be designed for educational programs relying on Design Thinking or for departments in organizations implementing Design Thinking. These findings may implicate in further researches in the cognitive field of Design Thinking, as the success of DT adoption in organizations can be influenced by the thinking style profile which is dominant in the selected department or functional area to be implemented.

Bakgrund: Bipolär sjukdom är en psykisk sjukdom som påverkar sinnesläget hos individen och drabbar ca 1–2,4 % av den svenska befolkningen. Sjukdomen debuterar kring 15–35 årsåldern och diagnostiseringen sker ofta sent. Sjukdomen medför stora konsekvenser för såväl individen som för samhället. Syfte: Att beskriva individens erfarenheter av att leva med en bipolär sjukdom. Metod: Litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Artikelsökning utfördes i PubMed och psycINFO, vilket resulterade i 11 involverade artiklar, av både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats, vilka analyserades med en tematisk metod. Huvudresultat: Fem teman identifierades i resultatet, upplevelse av bipolär sjukdom, upplevelse av stigma samt dess påverkan, upplevelse av medicinsk behandling och självmedicinering, viljan att fly samt copingresurser och copingstrategier. Att leva med en bipolär sjukdom upplevdes för många individer som en utmaning, ofta förekom ett substansmissbruk till följd av ett missnöje till ordinerad behandling. En problematik relaterat till ett stigma över sjukdomen uttrycktes frekvent. Stigmat var något som riskerade att individerna applicerade på sig själva. Slutsats: Individer uppfattar den bipolära sjukdomen som påfrestande relaterat till; ett fluktuerande känsloliv, stigma och medicinering. För att hantera sjukdomen beskrevs ett socialt stöd vara viktigt, då känsla av tillhörighet ingav en motiverande kraft, även sjuksköterskan beskrivs ha en viktig motiverande roll. Att vårdrelationen baserades på respekt och frånvaro av stigma beskrevs vara en förutsättning för sjuksköterskans arbete till att främja individens hälsa. / Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness that affects the state of mind of the individual and affects about 1–2,4% of the swedish population. The disease debuts around the age of 15–35 and the diagnosis is often set late. The disease has major consequences for the individual as well as for society. Aim: To describe individuals experiences of living with a bipolar disorder. Method: Literature study with descriptive design. Search for involved articles where performed in PubMed and psycINFO, which resulted in a total of 11 articles, of both qualitative and quantitative approach, which were analyzed using a thematic method Main result: Five themes were identified in the result, experience of bipolar disorder, experience of stigma and its work, experience of medical treatment and self-medication, the will to escape and coping resources and coping strategies. Living with a bipolar disorder was seen as a challenge for many individuals. Substance abuse were often described, related to a series of dissatisfaction with prescribed treatment. A problem related to a stigma over the disease were frequently expressed. The stigma were something that risked the individuals themselves, started to apply the prejudices to their own identity. Conclusion: Individuals perceive the bipolar disorder as strenuous related to; fluctuating emotions, stigma and medication. To deal with the disease, social support describes being important, as a sense of belonging served as a motivating power. The nurse where also described as having an important motivating role. The fact that the nursing relationship were based on respect and absence of stigma were described as a prerequisite for the nurse's work to promote the individual's health.

The main topic of the master's thesis is protection of bodily integrity, which started to play an important role since the beginning of this millennium in the continental Europe in support of patient's individual rights. The thesis particularly undergoes research by which means is patient's bodily integrity guaranteed on the constitutional level. For that purpose, the thesis analyses informed consent in its various forms, namely in comparisons to foreign literature and judgements in USA and United Kingdom. Simultaneously the court decision became the centre of attention, because of its guarantee to protect bodily integrity to minors and incompatible people. These conclusions the thesis then follows up and applies on cases, in which is bodily integrity of patient is most vulnerable. The conclusion of this thesis is that the protection of bodily integrity is guaranteed on the constitutional level by art. 7 par. 1 Charter of fundamental rights and freedoms and art. 8 European Convention on human rights. Simultaneously the thesis comes to the conclusion that in some cases the protection of bodily integrity in not fully guaranteed. That's the case of sterilization of transsexual patients who are forced to undergo this surgery by statutory regulation. The thesis in the case of compulsory vaccination...

This thesis is about life of homosexuals and repercussion on their mentality. It strives to compare results of my own research made in southern region and results available in professional literature. It is most of all about impact on individual's mentality. There are outlined basic information about this orientation including definition, cause, history and variants of homosexual life. I also deal with public attitude to homosexuality which undoubtedly has influence on individual's mentality. In last chapter, there is also mentions parency of homosexual couples. The goal of this thesis was to find out effect of homosexuality on individual's mentality. To achieve this goal, research questions were made. Asking method was used to collect data - depth interview. Gathered data were processed and compared with existing knowledge of this matter. Matches and disagreements between professional literature and my own research are highlited. This thesis can enrich existing knowledge of this matter and can be a resource for further research.

Gods, Have Merced! chronicles the struggle of Jose Merced, a Santeria priest, with the city of Euless, Texas, where he has been residing for 17 years in an effort to overrule an ordinance that bans the most critical element of his faith: animal sacrifice. As the city officials justify the ban on the basis of public health, Merced thinks he is merely a victim of selective code enforcement aimed a restricting his freedom of religion. Local and national media covered the lawsuit he filed against the City of Euless, and Merced seems ready to take the fight over animal sacrifice to the United States Supreme Court. He wants American justice to give his African-originated religion recognized in a city where people seem uneasy about a practice that brings back the historic fears of Voodoo and its popularly assumed malefic practices. The film explores the complex structure of Santeria, its African roots, its renaissance in the Americas and the very controversial issue of animal sacrifice in the US.

This diploma thesis addresses the issue of assassination as a potential tool of political struggle, focusing on the assassination of senior state officials as a way to change the political regime. In the theoretical part the thesis deals with the theoretical topics such as: regime change, political violence, anarchism. The practical part focuses on three specific cases of assassinations in the history of modern political regimes during the 19th and 20th century. Selected leaders who have been attacked are represented by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov Lenin, Adolf Hitler and John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Was it possible by using assassination as a method of political struggle to overthrow the regime, that each of these leaders represent? Through above mentioned cases in this diploma thesis we can also observe the role of the individual in the political system, not only in terms of the state leader as a representative of the political regime, but also in terms of individuals, who have decided to change the regime by their act.

Informacijos apie asmens sveikatos būklę konfidencialumas yra svarbi įstatymų saugoma vertybė. Tačiau teisės doktrinoje, teisės aktuose ir teismų praktikoje pri¬pažįstama, kad teisė į privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą nėra absoliuti. Kai ribojama asmens teisė į privatų gyvenimą, toks ribojimas turi būti numatytas įstatymų lygmenyje ir ad hoc analizuojama, ar toks ribojimas yra būtinas demokratinėje visuomenėje, siekiant ap¬saugoti teisėtą tikslą. Darbe yra nagrinėjami ir vertinami informacijos apie asmens sveikatos būklę atskleidimo tretiesiems asmenims atvejai, identifikuojami pažeidimai ir pateikiamos rekomendacijos, kokių teisinių priemonių įgyvendinimas padėtų tinkamai užtikrinti asmens teisę į šią privataus gyvenimo sritį. Darbe pristatoma asmens sveikatos informacijos konfidencialumo samprata, aprašoma, koks yra asmens, kaip paciento, teisės į privataus gyvenimo neliečiamumą reglamentavimas Lietuvoje, pristatoma šalių praktika, identifikuojami sveikatos informacijos konfidencialumo principo ribojimai, pateikiami atvejai, kuomet informacija apie asmens sveikatos būklę yra atskleidžiama pažeidžiant teisės aktus, taip pat vertinami atvejai, kai galimai ultra vires įstatymų leidėjas priima įstatymus, kurie prieštarauja LR Konstitucijai ir tarptautinėms sutartims. Darbe yra išsikeliamos dvi hipotezės: H1 – Lietuvoje be paciento sutikimo atskleidžiant informaciją apie paciento sveikatos būklę draudimo įstaigoms pažeidžiama asmens teisė į privatų gyvenimą; H2 – Lietuvoje... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Confidentiality of personal health information is an important value which is protected by The Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania and other laws. However, the right to confidentiality is not recognized as absolute in the doctrine of law, legislation and legal cases. When there is the restriction of confidentiality of personal health information, it is necessary to emphasize the principle of necessity to protect a legitimate target which is necessary in a democratic society. It is important to notice that every restriction must be provided at the level of a piece of legislation. In the paper there is analyzed and evaluated the cases of the disclosure of personal health information to third parties, identified violations and made recommendations what legislative measures should be implemented to ensure the patient's right to private life. In the paper there has set the following objectives: to analyze the current situation in Lithuania what there is the regulation of the patient's right to privacy; to present the practice of different countries about patient's right to privacy; to carry out a theoretical analysis by comparing the various scientific researches on the personal health privacy; to determine what is the restrictions for the principle of medical confidentiality; to identify privacy problems while disclosing personal health information; to reveal when information is disclosed in accordance... [to full text]

Denna studie har undersökt vilka förutsättningar en chef upplever sig ha för att tillämpa ett stödjande ledarskap inom den offentliga förvaltningen Vård och omsorg. Bakgrunden till denna studie bygger på att det finns ett behov av att personal som arbetar inom den offentliga förvaltningen Vård och Omsorg att utveckla sin kompetens. Detta behöver ske på grund av att personalens kunskapsbrister inom dessa verksamheter har medfört att brukare utsätts för risker om missförhållanden på grund av personalens kunskapsbrister. Studien har belyst vilka behov av stöd som de anställda inom Vård och omsorg kan tänkas behöva ha för att kunna utveckla sin kompetens. Det framkom att det kan finnas ett behov av stöd för eventuella kognitiva nedsättningar som kan beskrivas vara ett dolt funktionshinder. Efter detta har chefer som arbetar inom Vård och omsorg blivit intervjuade för att beskriva sin upplevelse av sina förutsättningar för att kunna ge sina medarbetare de stöd som kan tänkas behövas. Resultatet visade att det kunde ske om cheferna upplevde sig ha rätt förutsättningar för att arbeta med syfte, metod och ledarskap i relation med att det tydligt att det var brukarfokus som var syftet. Syftet förtydligade vad som skulle göras och varför det var viktigt med brukarfokus. Det gav också metodiska förutsättningar inför att kunna planera och utvärdera arbetet i verksamheten samt för medarbetarens utvecklings. Om brukarfokus var ett tydligt syfte kunde deras ledarskap liknas vid ett verktyg för att ge ett individanpassat stöd till medarbetaren. / The study has examined the conditions a manager feels he or she has for applying supportive leadership within the public administration Health and care. The background tells that there is a need for the employers in the public administration Health and Care to develop their skills. This is happened because the employers insufficient knowledge has affected the residents who need their support being exposed to risks of misconduct due to the staff's lack of knowledge. The study has highlighted the need for support that employees in Health and Care may need to be able to develop their skills. It emerged that there may be a need for support for any cognitive impairments that can be described as a hidden disability. After this, managers who work in Health and Care have been interviewed to describe their experience of their conditions to be able to give their employees the support that may be needed. The results showed that it could happen if the managers felt they had the right conditions to work with purpose, method, and leadership in relation to the fact that it was clear that it was the user focus that was the purpose. The purpose clarified what was to be done and why user focus was important. It also provided methodical conditions for being able to plan and evaluate the work in the business and for the employee's development. If user focus was a clear purpose, their leadership could be likened to a tool to provide individualized support to the employee.

In South Africa household debt has increased rapidly over the past few years, therefore illustrating the importance of analysing liability usage behaviour of individual members within the household. In order to comprehend the behaviour of South Africans regarding liability usages, this study provides insight into why individuals find it necessary to obtain liability products as well as to indicate whether liability products are used to address the financial needs for the purpose it was developed for. To achieve the aim of this study, it was firstly necessary to develop a theoretical framework for the process of selecting credit products when satisfying financial needs. Secondly, the characteristics and intended usage purposes of different credit products available in South Africa were discussed and a debt classification framework was developed. Finally, data obtained from the Finscope South Africa survey was analysed according to the developed frameworks following a combination of two approaches. Firstly, a qualitative approach was used to identify the different financial needs which are satisfied when using liabilities. The financial needs identified were classified according to Alderfer’s existence relatedness growth (ERG) theory and the factors that have an influence on liability usage. Secondly, a quantitative approach was followed to indicate which financial needs are fulfilled when using different credit products. The results of this study suggest that individuals do not use liabilities only for the purpose what the products were originally developed for. The findings clearly indicated that individuals mainly use liabilities to satisfy basic needs which are classified as existence needs according to Alderfer’s ERG theory. Based on the data analysis a variety of factors such as access to credit and certain demographic characteristics have an influence on liability usage behaviour of individuals. The results further show that individuals mainly use informal, unsecured, short-term loans when satisfying their financial needs which might indicate that South Africans are unable to access formal credit products. / Financial Accounting / M. Phil. (Accounting Science)