<p>Riksdagen beslutade att från och med höstterminen 2008 införa skriftliga omdömen från första klass. Detta har lett till en samhällsdebatt kring frågor om hur de skriftliga omdömena ska utformas, samt om och hur lärarna bör bedöma yngre elever. Inom pedagogisk forskning har bedömning framhållits som en viktig del av lärandet. Istället för att mäta kunskap ska bedömning gynna och skapa mening för lärandet. Skriftliga omdömen bör genom formativ bedömning bidra till tydligare information för elev och vårdnadshavarna. Författarnas syfte är att skapa förståelse för vilken innebörd rektorer och lärare i undersökningen ger individuell utvecklingsplan med skriftliga omdömen, samt vilka förutsättningar som skapats för implementeringen. Tillvägagångssättet är kvalitativa intervjuer med rektorer och lärare. Undersökningen visade att samtliga rektorer och lärare framhåller att skriftliga omdömen förtydligar informationen kring elevens utveckling, samt att bra förutsättningar har skapats i form av tid och utbildning.</p> / <p>Parliament decided that in the beginning of the autumn semester of 2008, written discernments were to be implemented for every student from the first grade. This has led to public debate surrounding questions as how written discernments are to be designed and how teachers can and should evaluate younger students. In the field of pedagogical research the evaluation of students has been accentuated as a significant part of teaching. Instead of “measuring” knowledge, evaluations are meant to benefit learning and create meaning for teaching. Written discernments should through formative assessment contribute clearer information to student and caregiver. The purpose of the writers is to create understanding for the significance that headmaster and teacher, in the study, bring to individual development plans with written discernments and which conditions were created for implementation. The procedure is qualitative interviews with headmasters and teachers. The study showed that all headmasters and teachers call attention to that written discernments clarify the information concerning the students’ progress and that good prerequisites have been produced in the form of time and education.</p>

Submitted by ALINE PAIVA GARCIA null (aline.p.garcia@hotmail.com) on 2017-08-10T22:39:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação aline.pdf: 2024875 bytes, checksum: 9f219ee78c81740ddef398c2622fc739 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-08-17T19:29:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 belfort_apg_me_guara.pdf: 2024875 bytes, checksum: 9f219ee78c81740ddef398c2622fc739 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-17T19:29:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 belfort_apg_me_guara.pdf: 2024875 bytes, checksum: 9f219ee78c81740ddef398c2622fc739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na atualidade, as empresas têm percebido que a sustentabilidade pode trazer benefícios para organização em longo prazo e assim aumentar seu valor no mercado. Por isso, muitas organizações têm buscado implantar a sustentabilidade. O desenvolvimento de recursos humanos pode promover ações que estimulem o comprometimento com os resultados e facilitem a introdução de mudanças organizacionais. Assim, o DRH pode contribuir com a implantação da sustentabilidade. Por este motivo, esta dissertação tem como objetivo propor diretrizes para ações do desenvolvimento de recursos humanos com vista a promover a sustentabilidade em organizações empresariais. Em se tratando de métodos de pesquisa, os procedimentos utilizados basearam-se em uma análise qualitativa. Foi realizada uma pesquisa teórica sobre sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento de recursos humanos e foram analisados os relatórios de sustentabilidade no padrão GRI G4, publicados por empresas constantes na carteira do Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial 2016 da BM&F Bovespa. A pesquisa realizada e as análises desenvolvidas permitiram caracterizar as iniciativas que as empresas adotam para a sustentabilidade e para o desenvolvimento de recursos humanos, além de permitirem fundamentar a elaboração das diretrizes para o DRH com vista a promover a sustentabilidade empresarial. As diretrizes foram propostas em 3 níveis que devem ser desenvolvidos de forma gradativa. Assim, a dissertação contribui cientificamente por detalhar a relação do desenvolvimento de recursos humanos com a sustentabilidade empresarial. Já a contribuição aplicada é a formulação de diretrizes que auxiliarão as empresas a implantarem a sustentabilidade. / At the present time as companies with the perception that sustainability can bring benefits to the organization in the long term and thus increase its value in the market. For this reason, many organizations have sought to implement sustainability. Human Resource Development can promote actions that encourage commitment to results and facilitate the introduction of organizational change. Thus, HRD can contribute to the implementation of sustainability. For this reason, this dissertation aims to propose guidelines for human resource development actions to promote sustainability in business organizations. In the case of research methods, the procedures used were based on a qualitative analysis. Thus, a theoretical research was carried out on sustainability and human resources development, and the sustainability reports in the GRI G4 standard were analyzed, published by companies included in the BM&F Bovespa Corporate Sustainability Index 2016. The research carried out and the analyzes carried out allowed to characterize the initiatives that the companies adopt for the sustainability and for the development of human resources and they were based the elaboration of the directives for the HRD with a view to promote the corporate sustainability. The guidelines were proposed in 3 levels that should be developed in a gradual way. Thus, the dissertation contributes scientifically to detail the relation of the development of human resources with the corporate sustainability. The contribution applied is the formulation of guidelines that will help companies to implement sustainability.

The formation of social relationships accompanies us throughout our lives and are a source of satisfaction. While social interactions bring joy to healthy children, children diagnosed with an autism spectrum disorder bring such interactions to an unknown territory filled with uncertainty and distress. The social domain is an interrelated system consisting of several areas. If a child does not understand one or more areas, she will not function correctly during human-to-human interactions. Areas that help a child acquire appropriate social skills include cognitive, perceptual, motor, and emotional abilities. Consequently, it is only appropriate to focus on such areas during social skills training to achieve the best possible outcomes. The thesis deliberates on the social skills development of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The work aims to characterize the methods and intervention options in social skills development, imitation, and fine motor skills and evaluate progress in respective areas. The thesis is divided into four chapters. The first chapter outlines the history and terminology development of autism spectrum disorders. The second chapter focuses on social skills development, imitation, fine motor skills, and play. The third chapter describes two children's case studies and...

The diploma thesis is focused on the planning of personal development of employees in the context of the process of performance management in the organization. Attention is paid to the role and function of personal development planning in achieving the set goals in the process of performance management. The theoretical part defines concepts of performance management, education and development and personal development planning and describes theories of these concepts. The analytical part, based on a study of internal documents and interviews with managers, describes how the work performance of employees in Czech-Moravian Guarantee and Development Bank is managed. The result of this research was identification of weaknesses in the application of the concept of work performance management in the organization. Finally, recommendations are proposed in order to streamline the mentioned processes in the organization. KEYWORDS performance management, evaluation of employees, training of employees, individual development planning, human resources management

The problem was the lack of effective succession planning strategies to facilitate the transfer of technical expertise from retiring employees to younger employees. A rebound of oil exploration activities in Nigeria would adversely affect the drilling sector due to lack of preparation and succession planning to meet the demand for technical expertise. The purpose of this case study was to explore how a succession planning program contributes to knowledge transfer and development of expertise for business continuity and prevents loss of knowledge in the oil-drilling sector in Nigeria. Twenty-four participants from one oil-drilling contractor in Nigeria participated in the study. The conceptual framework was guided by knowledge creation theory, succession planning concepts, and transformational leadership theory. Data collection included semistructured face-to-face interviews supplemented with document review. Data analysis involved a traditional text method where data coder pace each piece of data into various categories by hand. This study revealed 4 themes: individual development program, mentoring, on-the-job training, and 360-degree communication. Findings may affect oil-drilling practices by contributing to enhanced succession planning and knowledge transfer initiatives. The implication for positive social change may include the development of individuals for leadership roles and could add to the organization talent bench, and reduce knowledge gaps while ensuring business continuity.

Since 2006 Swedish compulsory school teachers are required to use individual developmentplans (IDPs) as part of their assessment practices. The IDP has developed through two major reforms and is currently about to undergo a third in which requirements for documentation are to be reduced. The original purpose of IDP was formative: a document containing targets and strategies for the student's future learning was to be drawn up at the parent-pupil-teacher meetingeach semester. The 2008 reform added requirements for written summative assessments/grade-like symbols to be used in the plan. This thesis aims to generate knowledge of the IDP as a tool in terms of what characterizes IDP documents as well as teachers' descriptions of continuous IDP work. It contains four articles. The first two are based on 379 collected IDP documents from all stages of compulsoryschool, and the last two build on interviews with 15 teachers. Throughout, qualitative content analysis has been used for processing data. The analytical framework comprises Latour's conceptual pair inscription – translation, Wartofsky's notions of primary/secondary/tertiary artifacts, and Wertsch's distinction between mastery and appropriation, which together provide an overall framework for understanding how the IDP becomes a contextually shaped tool that mediates teachers' actions in practice. Moreover, the activity theoretical concept of contradictionis used to understand and discuss dilemmas teachers experience in relation to IDP. In article 1, targets and strategies for future learning given to students are investigated and discussed in relation to definitions of formative assessment. Concepts were derived from the data and used for creating a typology of target and strategy types related either to being aspects (students' behavior/attitudes/personalities) or to subject matter learning. In article 2, the distribution of being and learning targets to boys and girls, respectively, is investigated. The results point to a significant gendered difference in the distribution of being targets. Possible reasons for the gendered distribution are discussed from a doing-gender perspective, and the proportion of being targets in IDPs is discussed from an assessment validity point of view. In article 3, teachers' continuous work with IDPs is explored, and it is suggested that IDP work develops in relation to perceived purposes and the contextual conditions framing teachers' work. Three qualitatively different ways of perceiving and working with IDP are described in a typology. Article 4 elaborates on dilemmas that teachers experience in relation to IDP, concerning time, communication, and assessment. A tentative categorization of dilemma management strategies is also presented. Results are synthesized in the final part of the thesis, where the ways in which documents are written and IDP work is carried out are discussed as being shaped in the intersection between rules and guidelines at national, municipal and local school level, and companies creating solutions for IDP documentation. Various purposes are to be achieved with the help of the IDP, which makes it a potential field of tension that is not always easy for teachers to navigate. Several IDP-related difficulties, but also opportunities and affordances, are visualized in the studies of this thesis. / <p>Svensk sammanfattning: s. 111-126.</p>

Syftet med min studie var att undersöka lärares uppfattning om sina elevers taluppfattning och vad lärares uppfattningar indikerar avseende elevers taluppfattning.  För att få svar på mina frågor har jag skickat ut en digital enkät till undervisande lärare i matematik i grundskolan.  Resultatet visar att elevers taluppfattning är relativt god när det gäller de mest grundläggande aspekterna. Vidare indikerar resultatet att de tillfrågade lärarna arbetar regelbundet och varierat med att utveckla elevers taluppfattning. Alla respondenter utom en svarar att särskilda åtgärder vidtas, om bristande taluppfattning upptäcks, t.ex. särskilt stöd av specialpedagog/speciallärare, åtgrdsprogram och enskild undervisning.  Min slutsats är att de tillfrågade lärarna regelbundet arbetar varierat med taluppfattning i klassrummet och att de elever som har svårigheter av olika slag uppmärksammas och får det stöd de har rätt till. / The purpose of my study was to investigate teachers' perceptions of their individual students' number sense. It is also to find out if and how teachers actively work with number sense in elementary school, and if the curriculum guidelines to give support to students with special needs are met.  I have distributed a digital questionnaire to teachers in mathematics about their students' number sense.  The result of the questionnaire shows that there are some gaps in some students' number sense, but it is relatively small when it comes to the fundamental aspects of number sense. Further, the result indicates that the teachers work consciously för the students to be able to develop their sense of numbers frequently in varies ways.  All of the respondents - except one - states that specific measures are taken if a students' lack of number sense is detected, for example: support from a teacher for special needs education; individual development plans; and individual tutoring.

Inom mjukvaruteknik finns en mångfald processmetoder där var och en har ett specifikt syfte. En processmetod kan enklare beskrivas som en upprepningsbar uppsättning delsteg i syfte att utföra en uppgift och uppnå ett specifikt resultat. Majoriteten av processmetoder som har hittats i denna studie inriktar sig på den mjukvaruprodukt som är att utveckla. Det verkar finnas en brist på processmetoder som kan användas av mjukvaruutvecklare för att utveckla sin personliga utvecklingsprocess. Med personlig utvecklingsprocess menas, hur den enskilda utvecklaren väljer att strukturera det egna arbetet i syfte att uppnå ett visst re- sultat. Självstyrandes-utvecklarramverket (även kallad SGD-ramverket) är i skrivande stund ett nyligen utvecklat processramverk med syfte att bistå den individuella utvecklaren att ut- veckla sin personliga utvecklingsprocess. Kort beskrivet är ramverket tänkt att innehålla alla aktiviteter som kan komma att uppstå i ett utvecklingsprojekt. Problemet är att detta ramverk inte har utvärderats ännu och därför vet man inte om ramverket är relevant för att uppfylla sitt syfte. För att rama in och vägleda studien formulerades ett antal problemfråge- ställningar (1) Är ramverket fullständigt för ett mindre företag med avseende på aktivite- ter?, (2) Hur hög är kostnaden för SGD-ramverket i form av tid? Målet med studien är att bidra till framtida studier för ramverket genom att utföra en akt- ionsstudie där SGD-ramverket utvärderas utefter ett par specifika utvärderingskriterier. En induktiv kvalitativ forskningsmetod användes för att genomföra denna studie. Med in- duktiv metod menas att slutsatser dras utifrån empiriskt insamlad data och utifrån dessa ut- formas generella teorier. Mer specifikt användes metoden aktionsstudie. Data samlades in genom loggning och tidsloggning under aktionsstudiens gång. För att utvärdera ramverket användes utvärderingskriterierna (1) Fullständighet, (2) Semantisk korrekthet (3) Kostnad. En narrativ analys fördes över insamlad data för dessa kriterier med hänsyn till problemfrå- geställningarna. Resultat från utvärdering visade att ramverket inte ansågs fullständigt med hänsyn till dess aktiviteter. Dock näst intill fullständigt då enbart ett fåtal aktiviteter behövdes tilläggas i den utförda aktionsstudien. Totalt 3 extra aktiviteter lades till utöver de 40 som redan finns. Ca tio procent av den totala arbetstiden i aktionsstudien var i tillagda aktiviteter utanför Självstyrandes-Utvecklarramverkets ordinarie aktiviteter. Ramverkets aktiviteter ansågs även vara för granulärt formulerade i sammanhanget av ett mindre företag. Ramverket an- sågs vara högst relevant för att förbättra den individuella utvecklarens egna process. Kost- nad för införsel av Självstyrandes-Utvecklarramverket i denna studie speglar tiden det tog tills tidsanvändningen av Ramverket ansågs stabilt. Denna införelsekostnad uppskattades i form av tid och bestod av ca 3.54% av en åttatimmars arbetsdag, detta uppskattade ske un- der en införselsperiod på 24 dagar. Total tillämpningskostnad för användning av ramverket i den utförda aktionsstudien är i snitt 4,143 SEK/timme alternativt 662,88 SEK/månad. Schablonkostnaden som har använts ligger på 172,625 SEK/timme. / Within software engineering there is a diversity of process methods where each one has its specific purpose. A process method can be described as being a repeatable set of step with the purpose to achieve a task and reach a specific result. The majority of process methods found in this study are focused on the software product being developed. There seems to be a lack of process methods that can be used by software developers for there individual soft- ware process improvement. Individual software process improvement, refers to how the in- dividual software developer chooses to structure their own work with the purpose to obtain a specific result The Self-Governance Developer Framework (also called SGD-framework) whilst writing this is a newly developed process framework with the purpose of aiding the individual soft- ware developer to improve his own individual software process. Briefly explained the framework is intended to contain all the activities that can come up in a software project. The problem is that this tool has not yet been evaluated and therefore it is unknown if it is relevant for its purpose. To frame and guide the study three problem questions has been for- mulated (1) Is the framework complete for a smaller company in regards to it activities? (2) How high is the cost for the SGD-framework in regard of time? The goal of the study is to contribute for future studies for the framework by performing an action study where the Self-Governance Developer Framework is evaluated against a set of chosen evaluation criteria. An inductive qualitative research method was used when conducting the study. An induc- tive method means that conclusions are derived from empirically gathered data and from that data form general theories. Specifically, the action study method was used. Data was gathered by keeping a logbook and also time logging during the action study. To evaluate the framework, some evaluation criteria was used which were (1) Completeness, (2) Se- mantic correctness, (3) Cost. A narrative analysis was conducted over the data that was gathered for the criteria. The analysis took the problem formulations in regard. The results from the evaluation showed that the framework was not complete with the re- gards of the activities. Although next to complete as only a few activities were further needed during the action study. A total of 3 extra activities were added over the regular 40 activities. Around 10% of the time spent in activities were in activities outside of the Self- Governance Developer Framework. The activities were considered to finely comminute for the context of a smaller company. The framework was considered highly relevant for im- proving the individual software developers own process. The introduction cost in this study reflect on the time it took until the usage of the framework was considered consistent. In this study it was approximately 24 working days with a usage about 3.54% of an eight-hour work day. The total application cost of usage of the framework in the performed action study was on average 4.143 SEK/hour or 662,88 SEK/month. The template cost used was on 172.625 SEK/hour.

This study explored the improvement of individual performance outcomes within the administrative units of UNISA. The study aimed, in particular, to explore, analyse and interpret individual performance management practices. It should be noted that this study did not attempt to cover all the areas of effective and efficient performance management. The focus was to investigate the processes and approaches for continuously managing the improvement of individual performance outcomes, which could lead towards improved institutional performance. The main aim of the study was to investigate how the performance management system at the University of South Africa can be approved. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research paradigms, thus a combination of inductive and deductive approaches, sampling and analyses, data collection and interpretations were used. However, the research design and methodology in this study primarily focused on a case study design and a mixedmethod approach to reach valid and reliable conclusions. The first part of the thesis focused on the analysis of literature and empirical documents relating to performance management approaches and the research design and methodology applied. The second part focused on the performance management practices at UNISA, the implementation of surveys/questionnaires, interviews and group-discussions. Lastly, ideas and themes were identified from the collected data that should answer the research questions. The study found that performance management should focus on the identification of an individual’s strengths and weaknesses in order to enable improved individual performance outcomes. Therefore, if managers want to manage individuals effectively and improve individual performance, all related factors, which include motivation, coaching and monitoring, as well as influencing positive behaviours by individuals, should form part of the effective performance management system. Far too often, managers neglect objectively analysing performance appraisals’ outcomes, and compromise by allocating undeserved percentage ratings, mainly to avoid possible conflict situations. The study’s findings provided valuable insights that could improve the performance management system at Unisa. - v - Some of the recommendations include: that effective performance management entails co-analysis, co-decision, co-design and co-evaluation, which could lead to the clear objective setting of targets for implementation by individuals; the implementation of quarterly appraisals; the implementation of ‘crowdsourcing’ or 360° evaluations; continuous self-development and training. This study’s outcomes could make a significant contribution to the body of existing literature in the discipline of Public Administration. More specifically, in respect of the survey/questionnaires within three prominent constructs, the triangulation and mixed-methods approach used for this study; and the case study model applied in the research of the University of South Africa, as an institution of higher education. / Public Administration and Management / D. Phil. (Public Administration)

As female adolescents go through the transition phase of adolescence, they respond to a variety of factors influencing their sexual development, for instance, cultural practices, socioeconomic status, media exposure, internet access, increased autonomy to explore their sexuality, as well as quality of care, guidance and supervision by primary caregivers. If they do not get enough guidance from caregivers, teachers or medical clinics, adolescents often fall pregnant. The consequences of unexpected pregnancies prove to be negative on intrapersonal as well as interpersonal levels. There is a need to reduce such pregnancies to give adolescents a better chance in life and to enhance optimal development on individual, social, emotional and moral levels. This study explored female adolescents’ experiences and perceptions of teenage pregnancy in Belfast, Mpumalanga, in South Africa. The researcher tried to make a positive contribution towards reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy in South Africa, especially in rural, farm and semi-urban settings, through an inductive study of African female adolescents in selected secondary schools. Data were collected through individual in-depth audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with 20 African adolescent girls who were purposefully selected for the study. The researcher used Tesch’s method of analysis to analyse the data collected and to deduce themes and categories. Adolescents mostly fell pregnant, because of changes in sexual interest, emotional experiences, social development dynamics, adolescent thinking patterns and failure to use contraceptives. Teenage pregnancy affected the life-world of adolescents by influencing negatively on their physical health, psycho-emotional wellbeing, moral behaviour, social and school lives. The researcher established that the adolescents, their families, communities and society would continue to face the adverse outcomes of teenage pregnancy if the rates of teenage pregnancy remained unabated. The study therefore recommended collaborative efforts of adults in various governmental and private spheres for prevention of teenage pregnancy and for support of adolescent mothers and their babies during and after early-unexpected pregnancies. Some of the recommendations were: national awareness campaigns to curb teenage pregnancies; the review of the Life Orientation curriculum by the Department of Basic Education; the re-orientation of health delivery services; the positive inputs of teachers and schools; and a re-orientation of the responsibilities of primary caregivers and other adults / Psychology of Education / D. Ed. (Psychology of Education)