Education is a particular field of culture and its basis is human being and his culture, therefore the human being can not be educated in isolation without considering needs of particular nation and culture. The documents of Education of Lithuania indicate that the main purpose of education is to guarantee development of human physical, mental and unseen power to be as universal as possible as well as to create conditions for revealing individuality. Seeking for this purpose it is necessary to cognize the human being. Seeking to protect individuality of the leaner, to help in spreading and expression of the features of personality, individual attitude to each human being plays especially important role. Individualization of the process of teaching is important in teaching each separate subject and especially in teaching technologies, because their basis is comprised of independent activity of schoolchild. The aim of our work is to investigate particularities of teaching individualization in technologies’ lessons. For this aim the following task have been posed: 1. To analyse sources of literature involved in individualization of teaching. 2. To analyse ways of teaching individualization, which are being applied by teachers in the lessons of technologies. 3. To analyse the attitude of teachers towards individualization of the process of teaching. 4. To analyse attitude of schoolchildren of 6-10 forms towards individualization o the process of... [to full text]

This study aims to examine the work-related values of Generation Y and why they exhibit these values. In order to understand this group of people and explain the reasons to their values the theoretical framework will primarily be Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of the individual society and Göran Ahrne’s theory of organizations. In a small addition, this study also aims to assess the possible consequences of these values in the labour market. Especially in relation to organization’s Employer Branding, i.e. their strategies to attract, motivate and retain workers. Previous research shows that work-related values differ between generations. We are using a qualitative method collecting data through interviews to get a detailed and nuanced view of their values. The study indicates that the people of Generation Y value development and social environment (including leadership) the most. It serves as ways to cope with the uncertainties of the flexible society. They also seem to value instant gratification as a result of being used to getting that through innovations such as the Internet. If this need is not satisfied it is likely that their motivation drops and that they start looking for alternative jobs. They seem to be driven by the need for development and this combines with their lack of patience to result in frequent job changes. Organizations will therefore face a difficult challenge to retain members of this generation. This task will be particularly notable as Generation Y soon becomes the largest generational group in the labour market.

L'interface graphique de l’application numérique, soumise à l’injonction du geste de l’utilisateur, prolonge le corps de celui-ci. Quel rapport s’établit entre l’image qui émerge et celui qui la convoque ? Que reste-t-il du message du concepteur construit par un métarécit singulier ? La diversité de chaque exploration favorise-t-elle une interprétation individuelle ? Notre problématique porte sur la tension du concept de design entre sa stratégie de communication et la contingence de son émergence liée au métarécit de l’utilisateur en liberté surveillée. Pour répondre à ces interrogations, nous émettons l’hypothèse que l’interactivité génère un récit individualisé.Nous guidons notre analyse selon trois axes, celui du design tout d’abord, ensuite celui de l’individualisation, qui souligne la dimension sensible qu’apporte l’interactivité du design au moyen d’une délégation d’énonciation envers l’utilisateur, et enfin celui du récit, qui organise le lien narratif entre le message iconique et l’utilisateur. Trois variables sont retenues (esthétique, médiatique, sémantique) et croisées afin de parvenir à circonscrire la notion de design interactif.Notre recherche pratique s’appuie sur l’analyse du site web Communicate de la webagency londonienne Hi-ReS!. Cette étude de cas rend compte des intentions du concepteur et permet d’évaluer la tension entre le message polysémique émis et le message monosémique reçu. Une expérimentation d’oculométrie a été mise en place afin d’évaluer la portée de l’interactivité sur l’attitude et le ressenti des utilisateurs. Nous avançons alors la figure métaphorique du « dess@in » afin de modéliser le design interactif comme un corps malléable individualisé, système négocié entre la stratégie de communication du designer et la production singulière de l’utilisateur. / The graphic interface of the digital application, subjected to the order of the gesture of the user, prolongs the body of this one. What connection is established between the emerging picture and the one who summoned it? What else does it remain of the message of the designer built by a singular métarécit?Does the diversity of each exploration promotes an individual interpretation? Our problem concerns the design concept of tension between its communication strategy and contingency of its emergence-related metanarrative of the user on probation. To answer these questions, we hypothesize that interactivity generates a personalized narrative. We guide our analysis in three ways, the design first, then that of individualization, which emphasizes the sensitive dimension) which brings the interactivity of the design by means of a delegation of statement to the use, and finally that of the narrative, which organizes the narrative link between the iconic message and the user. Three variables are retained (aesthetic, mediatic, semantic) and to achieve cross frame the notion of interactive design.Our research practice is based on the analysis of website Communicate of the London web agency Hi-ReS!. This case study reflects the intentions of the designer and used to evaluate the tension between the message polysemic issued and the message monosemic received. An eye-tracking experiment was set up to assess the scope of interactivity on attitude and the feelings of users. Then we move the metaphorical figure of the “dess@in" to model the interaction design as a malleable body individualized, negotiated between the system's communications strategy of designer and the singular production of user.

The purpose of this study is to better understand the ways in which scientific discourse contributes to the individualization and moralization of obesity, through reality television. Popular reality television programs emphasize the importance of lifestyle to health and wellness, often focusing on participant weight loss. Within this research, I describe the ways in which the obesity epidemic is approached in popular reality television, specifically in NBCs The Biggest Loser, and identify how the discourse of obesity is tied to issues of individualization, surveillance, and morality. Specifically, I undertake a laboratory study of The Biggest Loser to illustrate how this methodology can be extended from the traditional laboratory into a space of science that has no formal walls. With a focus on the seventh season of The Biggest Loser, I argue that the program is based on a human experiment that illustrates the interconnectedness of science and society, while perpetuating individualized and moralized obesity discourse. By conducting a laboratory study of a popular television program, I offer a new way to address obesity discourse

The purpose of this study is to better understand the ways in which scientific discourse contributes to the individualization and moralization of obesity, through reality television. Popular reality television programs emphasize the importance of lifestyle to health and wellness, often focusing on participant weight loss. Within this research, I describe the ways in which the obesity epidemic is approached in popular reality television, specifically in NBCs The Biggest Loser, and identify how the discourse of obesity is tied to issues of individualization, surveillance, and morality. Specifically, I undertake a laboratory study of The Biggest Loser to illustrate how this methodology can be extended from the traditional laboratory into a space of science that has no formal walls. With a focus on the seventh season of The Biggest Loser, I argue that the program is based on a human experiment that illustrates the interconnectedness of science and society, while perpetuating individualized and moralized obesity discourse. By conducting a laboratory study of a popular television program, I offer a new way to address obesity discourse

In Sweden, the labour movement historically had influenced both society and politics. In recent times, it is considered a change in society with a stronger employer party while the unions weakened by reduced unionisation. This study aims to highlight the presence of individualistic and collectivistic approaches to the labour market in relation to union density. The different approaches are investigated in the labour market by means of a quantitative survey. The study's survey items are workers in the timber industry. The study results indicate that the study's workers union level corresponding national average. The decline in union membership also includes the study workers. The study results also show that younger workers are less susceptible to join unions. The results do not reject the existence of individualistic approach, but demonstrates predominantly collectivistic approach among the study's workers. The study results can be understood from the trade organization's historically strong position in the industry. The employees' strong collective approach emphasizes the union's continued relevance to the labour market.

No / The male breadwinner model, which dominated both policy assumptions and social ideals in the post-war welfare state, is increasingly being supplanted by an adult worker family model. In this new model, both men and women are assumed to be primarily workers in the labour market, who as fathers and mothers pool their earned income in supporting children. In this article we assess this assumption. First, we examine the gendered moral rationalities of particular social groups of partnered mothers, defined in terms of class, conventionality, ethnicity and sexuality, about how mothering is combined with paid work, and how time and labour is allocated with their partners. Second, in the light of this empirical research, we examine three leading approaches to understanding change and decision making in families - new household economics, individualization in late modernity, and `post-modern moral negotiation'. We conclude that both the empirical and theoretical assumptions of the adult worker model are severely limited.

This is a conceptual paper whose aim is to relate the development of ‘individualization’ (Beck and Beck-Gernsheim 2002) to organizational leadership. It does this by examining individualization alongside the implicit assumption on which orthodox approaches to leadership are founded, namely that leadership is an individualized phenomenon. Despite the expanding literature on these topics, particularly that on leadership, these concepts have not been examined in relation to one another. This paper seeks to do this in two ways. Firstly, it highlights the increased attention given to leadership in the UK public sector, locating leadership as a continuation of public sector managerialism. Secondly, it discusses the development of the trend of individualization more broadly. The paper’s main discussion focuses on leadership as an individual activity and of the consequences of that approach. In particular, it argues that individualized leadership presents a restrictive perspective which does not allow for exploration of a broader range of leadership approaches, particularly that of distributed leadership, which have especial relevance for public sector organizations.

No

Syftet med denna studie är att studera några utvalda lärares syn på individualise­ring i matematikundervisningen för årskurs 4-6. Denna studie belyser och analyserar hur lärarna i studien ser på individualisering och vilka möjligheter och begränsningar de upplever, vad lärare grundar sin individuali­sering på och hur de sedan planerar och anpassar den i sin matematikunder­visning. Med hjälp av en urvalsenkät, där lärare svarade kortfattat på ett fåtal frågor angående deras individualisering i matematikundervisning, valdes lärare ut till sex olika kvalitativa intervjuer. De kvalitativa intervjuerna genomfördes för att få en djupare förståelse för lärares syn, förhållningssätt, målsättningar och planeringar med individualisering. De intervjuade lärarna har alla en god medvetenhet om individualisering och genomför den framförallt genom olika arbetsmoment och arbetsmaterial i sin undervisning. För att individualisera i sin matematikundervisning använ­der sig lärarna i studien av en stor variation av arbetsmoment och arbetsmate­rial för att innehålls-, omfångs-, nivå-, hastighets- och materialindividualisera. Trots detta ser de individualisering främst som något som förekommer i ele­vernas enskilda arbete och inte i lika hög grad som anpassning av hela under­visningssituationen.