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Date: 2022-06-01 Level: Bachelor thesis in Business Administration, 15 cr Institution: School of Business, Society and Engineering, Mälardalen University Authors: Rahaf Alkhadra  & Jessika Melander  Title: Organisational Change in The Pervasive Digitalization Era Supervisor: Konstantin Lampou Research question: How is digital transformation as an organizational change implemented in organizations and how is it perceived by the individuals within the organization? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the dynamic digital changes within organizations, by investigating the process of implementing digital transformation and how it impacts organizational structure on both organizational and individual levels. Therefore, the practice of digital transformation, in which it is manifested as individuals’ perceptions of the change process will be pursued to better equip the notion of contemporary organizations when addressing organizational change. Method: Since the goal is to interpret a pervasive phenomenon, an abductive approach along with a qualitative design were followed to enable an accurate clarification of the subject. The data has been collected from 16 participants through semi-structured interviews with different organizations. Conclusion: The implementation process of DT contains three main phases (sensing, sizing, and transforming), where the transforming phase is where individuals’ perceptions can be comprehended since it is the key element of ensuring the goals of digitalization. Also, the duality of individuals’ perceptions manifested in the reasoning and sensemaking of the change and not in the digitalization per se.  Keywords: Organizational change, digitalization, digital transformation, contingency theory, individuals perceptions.

Bakgrund: Trots stora framgångar inom den psykiatriska vårdvetenskapen fortsätter psykiatriska sjukdomar att växa fram utbrett över hela världen. Genom coping kan en individ hantera de inre och yttre krav som ställs och överskrider individens personliga resurser. Psykiatriska diagnoser kan för en oerfaren sjuksköterska upplevas som främmande eller otäckt. Detta kan bero på bristande förståelse och kunskap kring psykiatriska diagnoser varför det är viktigt att öka kunskapen inom området. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva vilka copingstrategier personer med psykiatrisk diagnos använder. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie, artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna Medline via Pubmed samt PsycINFO vilket medförde totalt tretton artiklar som inkluderas i resultatdelen. Resultatet baseras på tolv kvalitativa artiklar och en kvalitativ och kvantitativ artikel. Huvudresultat: Resultatet består av tre huvudteman, problemfokuserad, känslofokuserad och meningsbaserad coping. Dessa copingstrategier gav upphov till mening, känslor av säkerhet och sinnesro, tillhörighet, glädje och skapade verktyg för att få en förbättrad förståelse för sina känslor och minimerad stress hos personer med en psykiatrisk diagnos. Resultaten visade att flest personer använde sig av problemfokuserade copingstrategier som inriktade sig på att aktivt sträva efter att förändra eller hantera det underliggande problemet. Slutsats: Studiens syfte var att beskriva vilka copingstrategier som personer med psykiatrisk diagnos använde. Resultaten visade att personer med psykiatrisk diagnos använde sig av olika kombinationer av copingstrategier i olika situationer utifrån olika behov. Att hantera sin situation med hjälp av rutiner, yttre stöd, medicinsk behandling, kontroll och förståelse av känslor, samt livssyn och tro framkom i resultatet som väsentliga faktorer. Att ha förståelse för att personer använder sig av individuella copingstrategier kan hjälpa sjuksköterskan att uppmuntra till nya hälsofrämjande copingstrategier.

Background: Two hundred thousand individuals suffer from eating disorders at some point in their lives, but the hidden statistics are large as many of the victims never seek care. Eating disorders are a public health problem and a group of diseases that are psychiatric where the focus is on food intake and body. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe individuals´ experience of recovery from an eating disorder. Method: A description of a literature study of 10 scientific articles with a qualitative approach. Only the Pubmed database was used to search for articles. A thematic analysis method was used to analyze the articles. Mainresult: The results presented two main themes: Understanding the disease and Breaking patterns. Under the theme Understanding the disease, two sub-themes were presented: insight and challenging one's identity. Under the theme Breaking patterns, three sub-themes were presented: strategies, shifting focus and experiencing change. The results report that recovery is an individual process whose definition can be experienced differently from individual to individual. Conclusion: The results of this study was to show that a recovery process looks different for all individuals, and as a nurse it is important to have an understanding of this and be able to respond to individuals in different ways and based on their needs. The results show how individuals with an eating disorder, with various aids, have either gone through the recovery process or are in it now. Then finding strategies to break patterns and experience change has proven to be very helpful in achieving recovery and eventually getting rid of an eating disorder. Keywords: Experience, Individuals, Recovery, Eating disorder / Bakgrund: Tvåhundratusen individer drabbas av en ätstörning någon gång i livet, men mörkertalet är stort då många av de drabbade aldrig söker vård. Ätstörningar är ett folkhälsoproblem och en grupp sjukdomar som är psykiatriska där fokus ligger på matintag och kropp. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att beskriva individers erfarenheter av återhämtning vid ätstörning. Metod: En beskrivande litteraturstudie baserat på 10 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. För att söka artiklar användes enbart databasen Pubmed. För att analysera artiklarna användes en tematisk analysmetod. Huvudresultat: I resultatet presenterades två huvudteman: Förståelse för sjukdomen och Bryta mönster. Under temat Förståelse för sjukdomen presenterades två subteman: insikt och utmana sin identitet. Under temat Bryta mönster presenterades tre subteman: strategier, skifta fokus och uppleva förändring. Resultatet redovisar att återhämtning är en individuell process vars definition kan upplevas olika från individ till individ. Slutsats: Resultatet av denna litteraturstudie visar att en återhämtningsprocess ser olika ut för alla individer och som sjuksköterska är det viktigt att ha förståelse för detta och kunna bemöta individer på olika sätt och utifrån deras behov. Resultatet visar på hur individer med en ätstörning, med olika hjälpmedel antingen tagit sig igenom återhämtningsprocessen eller befinner sig i denna nu. Att hitta strategier för att bryta mönster och uppleva förändringar har visat sig vara till stor hjälp för att uppnå återhämtning och så småningom bli fri från en ätstörning.

Purpose – This master thesis aims to investigate knowledge sharing within two selected cross-cultural virtual teams of a non-governmental organization. The particular focus of this study is on the motivation for knowledge sharing of the individual team members. Based on the findings, the study provides implications for the development of an organizational knowledge management strategy.Design/Methodology/Approach – The qualitative research approach of this study was based on the conceptual framework of this thesis. Said framework was particularly influ-enced by Swift et al.’s (2010) model on goal orientations and the motivation to share knowledge. After eight semi-structured interviews with participants from the organization, Template Analysis was applied for the data analysis.Findings – It was possible to categorize the participants in learning-prove, learning-avoid and performance-prove goal orientations which showed that the motivation stemmed from both learning and demonstrating competence. Furthermore, contributing was a motivating factor in both goal orientations. In the learning goal orientation, it was demonstrated by wanting to contribute to a better life for youth and children and the performance goal orien-tation focused on contributing to a successful organization. The factors which affected the behaviour towards knowledge sharing were relational and cognitive ones. Structural factors did not have an effect.Practical Implications – The practical contribution of this study was the development of managerial implications for the NGO’s HR department. Based on the identified findings, these implications are to be used for the development of a knowledge management strategy within the organization, as it is currently lacking. These implications focus mainly on infra-structural issues as well as on the promotion of organizational culture.Originality/Value – The value of this study is the focus on cross-cultural virtual teams of an NGO, an area lacking research regarding the motivation of individuals to share knowledge. The authors put a particular focus on team members from Northern and Eastern Europe as well as Africa.

Syftet med denna studie är att utforska vilka individualiseringsmetoder musiklärare på gymnasiet och kultur- och musikskolan använder samt i vilket syfte de använder dem. Tidigare forskning berör individualisering, inre motivation och yttre motivation. Studien har individualisering- och differentieringsmodeller som utgångspunkt. Studien är kvalitativ och semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att samla in data. Tematisk analys användes för att avkoda och analysera all data. I resultatet framkommer musiklärares individualiseringsmetoder och syftet med individualiseringen. I diskussionen relateras resultatet med tidigare forskning och följande teman tas upp. Individualisering för att påverka elevernas motivation, individualiseringar för att få eleverna att känna sig trygga på musiklektionen och med läraren, individualiseringar för att få eleverna att känna sig mer delaktiga i undervisningen, individualisering för att möta elevernas kunskaper och färdigheter och att ge dem meningsfulla utmaningar och till sist individualiseringar för att öka elevernas autonomi. Därefter förs en diskussion över studiens valda metod. Slutligen diskuteras arbetets betydelse och värde för yrkesområdet samt behovet av framtida forsknings- och utvecklingsarbeten. / The purpose of this study is to explore which individualization methods music teacher working in high school and culture- and music schools and what their purpose is with using the individualizations. Former research refers to individualization and differentiation. The study is based on individualization and differentiation models. The study is qualitative and semi-structured interviews were used to gather the data. Thematic analysis was used to code and analyse the data. In the result following themes occur. Individualization to affect students motivation, individualization to make the students feel safe in the music class and with the teacher, individualizations to make the students feel more involved in the education, individualization to meet the students’ knowledge and skills and to give them meaningful challenges and lastly individualizations to increase students’ autonomy. Afterwards there is a discussion about the chosen method of the study, the study’s meaning and worth for the profession and the need for future research.

Gaining access to transportation is essential for obtaining employment, education, healthcare, and social interaction. Individuals who face difficulties in gaining this access are considered ‘transportation disadvantaged’ and include individuals of lower socioeconomic status, aging individuals, and persons with disabilities. In our autodependent society, individuals with disabilities face even fewer opportunities to interact within their communities. In order to better understand how individuals with disabilities are limited by their access to transportation, two studies were conducted. The first study specifically seeks to examine how individuals with disabilities gain access to transportation and the interpersonal relationships that affect opportunities for social participation in the community. A self-administered online questionnaire was disseminated to individuals residing in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. Individuals with disabilities were found to have less access to private vehicles and to utilize public transportation more than previously reported. The majority of individuals with disabilities feel that their access level to transportation hindered their social life. The second study, using the same survey as the first study with some variation of the questions and a larger sample size, sought to understand the needs of individuals with disabilities from a national perspective. Individuals were found to use private vehicles less and more public transportation than previous studies have shown. Individuals with more significant disabilities were more likely to face transportation-related exclusion.

Nurse shortages and nurse turnover are major issues in the health care industry. As 4 generations of nurses are working side by side for the first time in history in the health care industry, nurse leaders need to understand the generational differences in order to bridge the gap on retaining the nurses in the workforce. The primary focus of this applied dissertation study was to explore and obtain the lived experiences of leading the nursing intergenerational cohorts, as well as the strategies that nurse leaders or nurse managers can utilize to meritoriously attract, retain, and motivate the generational nursing workforce. The Leadership Questionnaire, designed in 2008 by Dr. Nelson, was utilized to interview 5 nurse administrators of the phenomenon to comprehend how the health care nurse administrators can utilize productive techniques of leading the nursing generational cohorts. The target population was members of a professional long-term care association. Once the nurse administrators agreed to participate on the study and signed the consent form, the researcher scheduled an initial 45-minute interview of three 15- to 30-minute interviews over a 3-month period. The data collected as a result of this study revealed findings: (a) the intergenerational educational gap in the nursing workforce, (b) the needs of the intergenerational nurses, (c) the critical aspect of continuing of professional education training development for the nurses, and (d) the critical leadership values on leading the intergenerational nursing cohorts. This applied research study dissertation intended to assist nurse leaders to reframe perceptions regarding the nurses’ intergenerational group (e.g., Baby Boomers, Generation X, and Generation Y) differences and to view these differences in attitudes and behaviors as potential strengths.

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