Voltage source inverter (VSI) fed induction motors are increasingly used in industrial and transportation applications as variable speed drives. However, VSIs generate non-sinusoidal voltages and hence result in harmonic distortion in motor current, motor heating, torque pulsations and increased acoustic noise. Most of these undesirable effects can be reduced by increasing the switching frequency of the inverter. This is not necessarily true for acoustic noise. Acoustic noise does not decrease monotonically with increase in switching frequency since the noise emitted depends on the proximity of harmonic frequencies to the motor resonant frequencies. Also there are practical limitations on the inverter switching frequency on account of device rating and losses. The switching frequency of many inverters often falls in the range 2 kHz - 6 kHz where the human ear is highly sensitive. Hence, the acoustic noise emission from the motor drive is of utmost important. Further, the acoustic noise emitted by the motor drive is known to depend on the waveform quality of the voltage applied. Hence, the acoustic performance varies with the pulse width modulation (PWM) technique used to modulate the inverter, even at the same modulation index. Therefore a comprehensive study on the acoustic noise aspects of induction motor drive is required. The acoustic noise study of the motor drive poses multifaceted challenges. A simple motor model is sufficient for calculation of total harmonic distortion (THD). A more detailed model is required for torque pulsation studies. But the motor acoustic noise is affected by many other factors such as stator winding distribution, space harmonics, geometry of stator and rotor slots, motor irregularities, structural issues controlling the resonant frequency and environmental factors. Hence an accurate model for acoustic noise would have to be very detailed and would span different domains such as electromagnetic fields, structural engineering, vibration and acoustics. Motor designers employ such detailed models along with details of the materials used and geometry to predict the acoustic noise that would be emitted by a motor and also to design a low-noise motor. However such detailed motor model for acoustic noise purposes and the necessary material and constructional details of the motor are usually not available to the user. Also, certain factors influencing the acoustic noise change due to wear and tear during the operational life of the motor. Hence this thesis takes up an experimental approach to study the acoustic noise performance of an inverter-fed induction motor at any stage of its operating life. A 10 kVA insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based inverter is built to feed the induction motor; a 6 kW and 2.3 kW induction motors are used as experimental motors. A low-cost acoustic noise measurement system is also developed as per relevant standards for measurement and spectral analysis of the acoustic noise emitted. For each PWM scheme, the current and acoustic noise measurements are carried out extensively at different carrier frequencies over a range of fundamental frequencies. The main cause of acoustic noise of electromagnetic origin is the stator core vibration, which is caused by the interaction of air-gap fluxes produced by fundamental current and harmonic currents. In this thesis, an experimental procedure is suggested for the acoustic noise characterization of an induction motor inclusive of determination of resonant frequencies. Further, based on current and acoustic noise measurements, a vibration model is proposed for the stator structure. This model is used to predict the acoustic noise pertaining to time harmonic currents with reasonable accuracy. Literature on motor acoustic noise mainly focuses on sinusoidal PWM (SPWM), conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) and random PWM (RPWM). In this thesis, acoustic noise pertaining to two bus-clamping PWM (BCPWM) schemes and an advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABCPWM) scheme is investigated. BCPWM schemes are mainly used to reduce the switching loss of the inverter by clamping any of the three phases to DC rail for 120◦ duration of the fundamental cycle. Experimental results show that these BCPWM schemes reduce the amplitude of the tonal component of noise at the carrier frequency, compared to CSVPWM. Experimental results with ABCPWM show that the overall acoustic noise produced by the motor drive is reduced at low and medium speeds if the switching frequency is above 3 kHz. Certain spread in the frequency spectrum of noise is also seen with both BCPWM and ABCPWM. To spread the acoustic noise spectrum further, many variable-frequency PWM schemes have been suggested by researchers. But these schemes, by and large, increase the current total harmonic distortion (THD) compared to CSVPWM. Thus, a novel variable-frequency PWM (VFPWM) method is proposed, which offers reduced current THD in addition to uniformly spread noise spectrum. Experimental results also show spread in the acoustic noise spectrum and reduction in the dominant noise components with the proposed VFPWM. Also, the current THD is reduced at high speeds of the motor drive with the proposed method.

Conventional 2-level inverters have been quite popular in industry for drives applications. It used pulse width modulation techniques to generate a voltage waveform with high quality. For achieving this, it had to switch at high frequencies and also the switching is between 0 and Vdc. Also additional LC filters are required before feeding to a motor. 3-phase IM is the work horse of the industry. Several speed control techniques have been established namely the V/f control technique and for high performance, vector control is adopted. An electric drive system comprises of a rectifier, inverter, a motor and a load. each module is a topic by itself. This thesis work discusses the novel inverter topologies to overcome the demerits of a conventional 2-level inverter or even the basic multilevel topologies, for an electric drive. The word ‘multilevel’ itself signifies that inverter can generate more than two levels. The idea was first originated by Nabae, Takahashi and Akagi to bring an additional voltage level so that the waveform becomes a quasi square wave. This additional voltage level brought additional benefits in terms of reduced dv/dt and requirement of low switching frequency. But this was not without any cost. The inverter structure is slightly more complicated than a 2-level and also required more devices. But the advantage it gave was superior enough to such an extent that the above topology (popularly known as NPC) has become quite popular in industry. This topology was later modified to equalize the semiconductor losses among switches by replacing the clamping diodes with controllable switches and such topologies are popularly known as Active NPCs (ANPCs) because of the replacement of diodes with active switches. 3-level flying capacitors were then introduced where the additional voltage level is provided using charged capacitors. But this capacitor voltage has to be maintained at its nominal value during the inverter operation. An additional floating capacitor, which is an electrolytic capacitor is needed for this. Increasing the number of electrolytic capacitors reduces the reliability of the inverter drive since they are the weakest link in any inverters and its count has to be kept to the minimum. By using a H-bridge cell in each of the three phases, three voltage levels can be easily obtained.This is commonly known as Cascaded H-bridge (CHB) multilevel inverter. The above three topologies have been discussed with respect to generation of three pole voltage levels and these topologies are quite suited also. A higher number of voltage levels will reduce the switching frequency even lesser and also the dv/dt. On increasing the number of levels further and further, finally the inverter need not do any PWM switching and just generating the levels is sufficient enough for a good quality waveform and also low dv/dt. But when the above topologies are scaled for more than three voltage levels, all of them suffer serious drawbacks which is briefly discussed below. The diode clamped inverter (known as NPC if it is 3-level), when extended to more than three levels suffers from the neutral point balancing issue and also the count of clamping diodes increase drastically. FC inverters, when extended beyond 3-level, the number of electrolytic capacitors increases and also balancing of these capacitors to their nominal voltages becomes complicated. In the case of multilevel CHB, when extended beyond 3-level, the requirement of isolated DC sources also increases. To generate isolated supplies, phase shifting transformer and 8, 12 or 24 pulse diode rectifier is needed which increases the weight , size and cost of the drive. Therefore its application is limited. In this thesis, the aim is to develop a novel method to develop a multilevel inverter without the drawbacks faced by the basic multilevel topologies when scaled for higher number of voltage levels. This is done through stacking the basic or hybrid combination of these basic multilevel topologies through selector switches. This method is experimentally verified by stacking two 5-level inverters through a 2-level selector switch (whose switching losses can be minimized through soft cycle commutation). This will generate nine levels.Generating 9-levels through scaling the basic topologies is disadvantageous, the comparison table is provided in the thesis. This is true for any higher voltage level generation. Each of the above 5-level inverter is developed through cascading an FC with a capacitor fed H-bridge. The device count can be reduced by making the FC-CHB module common to the selector switches by shifting the selector switches between the DC link and the common FC-CHB module. Doing so, reduces the modular feature of the drive but the device count can be reduced. The FFT plot at different frequencies of operation and the switching losses of the different modules-FC, CHB and the selector switches are also plotted for different frequencies of operation. The next step is to check whether this method can be extended to any number of stackings for generation of more voltage levels. For this, a 49-level inverter is developed in laboratory by stacking three 17-level inverters. Each of the 17-level inverter is developed by cascading an FC with three CHBs. When there are 49 levels in the pole voltage waveform, there is no need to do any regular PWM since the output waveform will be very close to a sine wave even without any PWM switching. The technique used is commonly known in literature as Nearest Level Control (NLC). This method of stacking and cascading has the advantage that the FC and the CHB modules now are of very low voltages and the switching losses can be reduced. The switching losses of the different modules are calculated and plotted for different operating frequencies in the thesis. To reduce the voltages of the modules further, a 6-phase machine has been reconfigured as a 3-phase machine, the advantage being that now the DC link voltage requirement is half of that needed earlier for the same power. This further reduces voltages of the modules by half and this allows the switches to be replaced with MOSFETs, improving the efficiency of the drive. This topology is also experimentally verified for both steady state and transient conditions. So far the research focussed on a 3-phase IM fed through a stacked MLI. It can be observed that a stacked MLI needs as many DC sources as the number of stackings. A 6-phase machine apart from reduced DC link voltage requirement, has other advantages of better fault tolerant capability and better space harmonics. They are serious contenders for applications like ship propulsion, locomotive traction, electric vehicles, more electric aircraft and other high power industrial applications. Using the unique property of a 6-phase machine that its opposite windings always draw equal and opposite current, the neutral point (NP) (formed as a result of stacking two MLIs) voltage can be balanced. It was observed that the net mid point current drawn from the mid point can be made zero in a switching interval. It was later observed that with minimal changes, the mid point current drawn from the NP can be made instantaneously zero and the NP voltage deviation is completely arrested and the topology needs only very low capacity series connected capacitors energized from a single DC link. This topology is also experimentally verified using the stacked 9-level inverter topology discussed above but now for 6-phase application and experimental results are provided in the thesis. Single DC link enables direct back to back conversion and power can be fed back to the mains at any desired power factor. All the experimental verification is done on a DSP (TMS320F28335) and FPGA (Spartan 3 XCS3200) platform. An IM is run using V/f control scheme and the above inverter topologies are used to drive the motor. The IGBTs used are SKM75GB123D for the stacked 9-level inverter in the 3-phase and 6-phase experiments. For the 49-level inverter experiment, MOSFETs-IRF260N were used. Both steady state and transient results ensure that the proposed inverter topologies are suitable for high power applications.

For low and medium power applications, conventional two-level inverters are widely used in industrial applications including electric vehicle drives, traction drives, distributed generation, power management and grid connected renewable energy systems. To filter out the harmonic currents from the load, passive line filters are used. These filters are designed to pass the fundamental phase current and suppress higher harmonic currents, making the filters bulky. To get a nearly sinusoidal current waveform, these two level inverters are switched at high frequency to shift the harmonic components in the phase current to high frequencies to reduce size and cost of the filter. But higher switching frequencies have some drawbacks like large dV /dt stresses on the motor terminals and switching devices, leading to electro-magnetic interference (EMI) problems and higher switching losses. For full DC bus utilization to enhance the power output from the two level inverter, the inverter has to operate in overmodulation region up to the six-step operation. Considerable fifth and seventh order (6n ± 1, n = odd) harmonics are produced when the inverter operates in overmodulation region. These include some low order harmonics like fifth and seventh, which are currently suppressed by using bulky passive line filters. Different high frequency modulation schemes are uniquely used in overmodulation region to suppress these harmonics. Another well accepted method of harmonic suppression is the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) techniques. SHE introduces notches at specific angles in a fundamental period of the inverter pole voltage to eliminate a particular harmonic component from the pole voltage. But, SHE involves extensive offline computation and requirement for higher memory for implementation of huge lookup tables. dodecagonal voltage space vectors have been reported in literature. Dodecagonal voltage space vector structures inherently eliminate fifth and seventh order (6n ± 1, n = odd) harmonics from the phase voltage. However, these require multiple isolated and unequal DC supplies (like VDC and 0.366VDC ). Generating DC voltage supplies at particular ratio to the main DC supply, requires additional circuitry. This increases the size of the converter and four quadrant back to back operation is not possible for the converter. To overcome the problems mentioned above, a novel switched capacitive filtering technique is proposed in this work for low and medium power drives applications. The filtering is done by an inverter fed by capacitor. A novel method to ensure zero power contribution by an inverter is shown, enabling the inverter to be fed by a capacitor. Thus, the capacitor fed inverter is shown to operate as a switched capacitive filter, which generates harmonic voltages that gets eliminated from the phase voltage of conventional two level inverters. With the proposed switched capacitive filtering technique, the following benefits are achieved. • Fifth and seventh order (6n ± 1, n = odd) harmonics are eliminated from the phase voltage, for the full modulation range of the two level inverters even while operating in overmodulation region and six-step mode. Thus, bulky passive line filters are avoided. • Since, the capacitive filter does not contribute any active power to the load, single DC supply operation is possible. Hence, four quadrant back to back operations is possible with the proposed filtering technique. • Dodecagonal voltage space vector structures are realized using single DC supply for the first time. • Modulation techniques for different power circuit topologies have been proposed which inherently controls the capacitor voltage at specific voltage levels for the full modulation range of the inverter including six-step operation. Hence, no additional pre-charging circuitry is required. • High frequency switching is shifted to the capacitive filter which is at a low voltage compared to the DC supply fed power contributing inverter. Thus, the main inverter need not be switched at high switching frequency for harmonic suppression. This reduces the switching loss as compared to conventional inverters, to achieve harmonic suppression of comparable order. • Reduced voltage stress on the switches of the switched capacitive filter. Hence, low voltage devices can be used to implement the switched capacitive filter, reducing the cost and size drastically as compared to conventional passive line filters. The proposed switched capacitive filtering scheme has been realized for open-end winding induction motor drive and three phase star connected three terminal induction motor drive where conventional two level inverter is used as the power contributing inverter. Additionally, extension of the capacitive filtering scheme to multilevel inverter fed drives is also shown, where the main power contributing inverter is a three level flying capacitor (FC) inverter. The power circuit implementations are briefly described as following. (i) In open-end winding three phase induction motors, the two terminals of each of the three phase windings are accessed. The main DC bus connected two level inverter feeds power from one end of the motor terminals. A capacitor fed two level inverter eliminates the fifth and seventh order harmonics from the other end for the full modulation range including overmodulation and six-step operation of DC bus fed inverter. The voltage space vectors from both the inverters connected at opposite ends of the motor forms dodecagonal voltage space vectors. An uniform pulse width modulation (PWM), for the full modulation range is proposed which switches from the dodecagonal voltage space vectors while inherently maintaining the capacitor voltage at 0.289VDC . (ii) In conventional star connection of three phase induction motors, all three terminals of the three phase windings are shorted from one end, leaving access to just three terminals. Such three terminal induction motor fed to conventional two level inverter is commonly used in many drives applications. Capacitor fed H-bridges are cascaded to such two-level inverters, to eliminate the fifth and seventh order harmonics from the phase voltage for the full modulation range including overmodulation and six-step operation of DC fed inverter. The voltage space vectors from capacitor fed H-bridges get added to the voltage space vectors from the two level inverter to form dodecagonal voltage space vectors. A PWM technique for the full modulation range is proposed to switch from the dodecagonal voltage space vector while inherently maintaining the three H-bridge connected capacitor voltages at 0.1445VDC . (iii) Advantages of dodecagonal space vector switching and multilevel inverters are achieved with a single DC supply. A DC supply fed three level flying capacitor (FC) inverter feeds active power to one end of the induction motor winding terminals and H-bridge connected capacitors eliminate fifth and seventh order harmonics from the other end of the motor winding terminals. The voltage space vectors from the three level FC inverter and the H-bridge inverter forms a three level dodecagonal voltage space vectors with symmetric triangular sectors. A PWM technique is developed to switch the three level dodecagonal space vectors and simultaneously control the H-bridge connected capacitors at 0.1445VDC . The fifth and seventh order harmonics are eliminated for the full modulation range of the three level FC inverter, including the extreme six-step operation. Additionally, the proposed inverter has also been shown to operate for rotor field oriented vector control of the open-end winding induction motor drive. For all the power circuit implementation of the switched capacitive filter, an increase of 7.8% in the linear modulation range (up to 48.8Hz) is achieved, implying better DC bus utilization as compared to conventional inverter topologies switching from hexagonal voltage space vectors. With advantages like fifth and seventh order (6n ± 1, n = odd) harmonic elimination throughout the modulation range, reduced dv/dt stress, lower switching frequency in high voltage devices, single DC supply requirement, dodecagonal voltage space vector switching, PWM technique with inherent capacitor balancing, increased linear modulation range and reduced voltage stress on high frequency switches, the proposed switched capacitive filtering scheme is well suited for low and medium power drives application with requirements for high dynamic performance and precise speed control.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:59Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 raniel_t_me_ilha.pdf: 1815527 bytes, checksum: 2b9558bcbd56601c8cbb627feda891cf (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A automação de esteiras rolantes é algo comum e importante em sistemas industriais, mas problemas práticos ainda representam desafios. Um dos desses desafios é manter a precisão em sistemas que exigem paradas sistemáticas, pois folgas mecânicas tendem a provocar variações nas posições de paradas ao longo do tempo. A aplicação de motores de indução têm se tornado comum e soluções eficientes e de baixo custo têm sido pesquisadas. Neste trabalho foi desenvolvido e implementado um sistema de controle de posição e velocidade aplicado em esteiras transportadoras utilizando inversor de frequência, microcontrolador, encoder óptico incremental e sensor indutivo. O movimento da esteira transportadora é efetuado por um motor de indução trifásico, que é acionado pelo conjunto microcontrolador – inversor de frequência. Este conjunto impõe uma frequência no estator do motor através de uma troca de mensagens entre microcontrolador e inversor de frequência (Sistema Mestre-Escravo). Para o envio e recebimento das mensagens, utilizou-se o protocolo de comunicação serial USS® (Universal Serial Interface Protocol) através do padrão RS-485. Os controles de posição e velocidade de rotação do eixo do motor fundamentam-se no sinal gerado pelo encoder óptico incremental, responsável por informar a posição do eixo do motor ao longo da trajetória, e no sensor indutivo que determina uma referência externa importante para a esteira transportadora. Para o funcionamento automático da esteira, elaborou-se um software em linguagem de programação C. Como resultado obteve-se um sistema de controle de posição e velocidade do eixo do motor de indução trifásico que apresenta bons resultados / Automated conveyors system have been largely used in industrial applications. However, there are still practical issues to be overcome. One of them is due to the system mechanical limitation which can lead to low accuracy for applications based on “stop-and-go” movements. Induction motors have been largely used in such applications and low costs solutions have been searched. In this work it was developed and implemented a system of positioning and velocity control applied to conveyors which is based on frequency inverter, microcontroller, optical incremental encoder and inductive sensor. The conveyor’s movement is made by means of a three-phase induction motor, which is driven by the couple microcontroller–frequency inverter. There are messages exchange between the microcontroller and the frequency inverter (Master – Slave configuration) which is based on the communication serial protocol USS through the RS-485 standard. The position and velocity of the motor spindle are controlled using an optical incremental encoder, which is responsible to provide the position of the trajectory, and an inductive sensor which determines the initial reference to the conveyor. The software used to control the system was developed in C language. The results show a low cost system with good results

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-09-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:26:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 leandro_e_me_ilha.pdf: 1745578 bytes, checksum: 2db70f1465f9f7258fdbcda3cdebf72c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho apresenta uma nova proposta para sistema de refrigeração com controle dinâmico de temperatura, operando com estrutura de compressor aberto, acionado por motor de indução trifásico com velocidade variável, e estágio de entrada retificador com correção ativa do fator de potência. O estágio de entrada é composto por um retificador Boost monofásico com elevado fator de potência, com duas células entrelaçadas, operando no modo de condução crítica, empregando técnica de comutação não dissipativa e controlado por dispositivo FPGA, associado a um estágio de saída inversor de dois níveis convencional trifásico à IGBT, o qual é controlado por um Processador Digital de Sinais (DSP - Digital Signal Processor). A técnica de comutação não dissipativa para o estágio de entrada é baseada em células ZCS (Zero-current-switching). As principais características do retificador incluem a redução da ondulação da corrente de entrada, redução da ondulação da tensão de saída retificada, utilização de componentes com reduzidos esforços, reduzido volume do filtro de entrada para Interferências Eletromagnéticas (EMI - Electromagnetic Interference), elevado Fator de Potência (FP) e reduzida Distorção Harmônica Total (DHT) da corrente de entrada, atendendo os limites da norma IEC61000-3-2. O controle digital para o estágio de saída inversor foi desenvolvido usando duas diferentes técnicas, incluindo a técnica convencional controle escalar Volts/Hertz (V/Hz) e o controle Vetorial com Orientação pelo Fluxo do estator, com o propósito de verificar a aplicabilidade e a performance dos controles digitais propostos, para o controle contínuo da temperatura, aplicados a um protótipo de sistema de refrigeração. / This work presents a new proposal for refrigeration systems with dynamic control of temperature, working with structure of open compressor, driving a three-phase induction motor with variable speed, and input rectifier with active power factor correction. The proposed system is composed of a single-phase high-power-factor boost rectifier, with two cells in interleaved connection, operating in critical conduction mode, and employing a softswitching technique, controlled by a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), associated with a conventional three-phase IGBT bridge inverter (VSI - Voltage Source Inverter), controlled by a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). The soft-switching technique for the input stage is based on zero-current-switching (ZCS) cells. The rectifier s features include reduction in input current ripple, reduction in output voltage ripple, use of low stress devices, low volume for the EMI input filter, high input power factor (PF), and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the input current, in compliance with the IEC61000-3-2 standards. The digital controller for the output stage inverter has been developed using two different techniques, the conventional Voltage-Frequency control (scalar V/Hz control), and a simplified stator oriented vector control, in order to verify the feasibility and performance of the proposed digital controls, for continuous temperature control, applied at a refrigerator prototype.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Cesar da Silva.pdf: 5331875 bytes, checksum: adf5bf8880e8e89421a2fd553c966530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The electrical parameters of three-phase induction motors vary according to their operating point, with the temperature and also with the natural machine degradation. Since the design regulators are typically performed based on linear and simplified equations of the machine, the parametric variation can cause unwanted responses, since the motor behavior is non-linear and time variant. Thus, it is proposed in this work carry the identification of the electrical parameters of the induction motor using the estimator called Least Squares Recursive (RLS). Thus, with the parametric data updated every sampling period can be recalculated in real time the gains of the regulators are designed for controlling the induction machine and make minor mismatches. The experimental results were obtained with the processing performed by dSPACE hardware (DS1103), which has an interface with Matlab/Simulink, facilitating the use by the user and reducing the time taken for testing bench. The results of numerical and practical simulations show a comparison between the mesh proposal, the parametric identification and update of the gains of the controllers (adaptive control) and the mesh with controllers with fixed gains. / Os parâmetros elétricos do motor de indução trifásico variam conforme o seu ponto de operação, com a temperatura e também com a degradação natural da máquina. Visto que o projeto de reguladores são tipicamente realizados com base em equações lineares e simplicadas da máquina, a variação paramétrica pode causar respostas indesejadas, pois o comportamento do motor é não-linear e variante no tempo. Desta forma propõe-se neste trabalho realizar a identificação dos parâmetros elétricos do motor de indução, utilizando o estimador denominado de Mínimos Quadrados Recursivos (MQR). Assim, com os dados paramétricos atualizados a cada período de amostragem, pode-se recalcular em tempo real, os ganhos dos reguladores que são projetados para o controle da máquina de indução e tornar os descasamentos menores. Os resultados experimentais foram obtidos com o processamento realizado pelo hardware dSPACE (DS1103), que possui uma interface com o Matlab/Simulink, facilitando a utilização por parte do usuário e reduzindo o tempo dispendido para os testes em bancada. Os resultados de simulações numéricas e práticos apresentam uma comparação entre a malha proposta, com a identificação paramétrica e atualiza ção dos ganhos dos controladores (controle adaptativo) e a malha com controladores com ganhos fixos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T17:38:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUIZ HENRIQUE REIS DE CASTILHO STIVAL.pdf: 1746208 bytes, checksum: 43e8c467b1dc79668c87e730e785a4d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The single-phase induction motor, in permanent split capacitor topology, is utilized on most of the clothes wash machines on Brazilian market. This configuration presents limitations on motor drive and on energy efficiency of the system. This work suggests a drive control method for the single-phase induction motor, aiming to deliver benefits on energy efficiency and improving motor drive. On this work, a mathematical model of the motor is derived to compare, through simulation, this proposal among different solutions. Then, the implementation of the proposal is done to gather experimental results. These results are compared to the results of the current control used on wash machines. The proposal achieved good advantages on dynamics response and system efficiency, although impacts the final cost of the solution. / O motor de indução monofásico, em sua topologia de capacitor permanente, é empregado na maioria das lavadoras de roupas do mercado nacional. Esta configuração apresenta limitações no acionamento do motor, e oferece uma limitada eficiência energética do sistema. Este trabalho propõe um método de controle do motor de indução monofásico que visa oferecer benefícios em termos da eficiência energética e melhoria do acionamento do motor quando utilizado em lavadoras de roupa. No trabalho, é levantado um modelo matemático do motor para que, através de simulação, possa ser realizado um estudo comparativo da solução proposta com outras soluções. Em seguida, se dá a implementação da proposta para obtenção de resultados práticos. Estes resultados são então comparados aos resultados do controle original utilizado em lavadoras de roupa. São alcançados benefícios na dinâmica e eficiência do sistema, porém com um impacto no custo final da solução.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoCSJ.pdf: 396492 bytes, checksum: c7b91bb21a15450749eb2738a17c2f3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-07-28 / There are two main approaches for using in adaptive controllers. One is the so-called model reference adaptive control (MRAC), and the other is the so-called adaptive pole placement control (APPC). In MRAC, a reference model is chosen to generate the desired trajectory that the plant output has to follow, and it can require cancellation of the plant zeros. Due to its flexibility in choosing the controller design methodology (state feedback, compensator design, linear quadratic, etc.) and the adaptive law (least squares, gradient, etc.), the APPC is the most general type of adaptive control. Traditionally, it has been developed in an indirect approach and, as an advantage, it may be applied to non-minimum phase plants, because do not involve plant zero-pole cancellations. The integration to variable structure systems allows to aggregate fast transient and robustness to parametric uncertainties and disturbances, as well. In this work, a variable structure adaptive pole placement control (VS-APPC) is proposed. Therefore, new switching laws are proposed, instead of using the traditional integral adaptive laws. Additionally, simulation results for an unstable first order system and simulation and practical results for a three-phase induction motor are shown / Existem dois m?todos principais para a constru??o de controladores adaptativos. Um deles ? o controle adaptativo por modelo de refer?ncia (MRAC) e o outro ? o controle adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los (APPC). No MRAC, um modelo de refer?ncia ? escolhido para gerar a trajet?ria desejada que o sinal de sa?da da planta deve seguir, e ele pode requerer o cancelamento de zeros da planta. Devido a sua flexibilidade em escolher a metodologia de projeto do controlador (realimenta??o de estado, projeto de compensador, linear quadr?tico, etc.) e a lei adaptativa (m?nimos quadrados, m?todo do gradiente, etc.), o APPC ? o tipo mais geral de controle adaptativo. Tradicionalmente, vem sendo desenvolvido em uma abordagem indireta e, como uma vantagem, pode ser aplicado a plantas de fase n?o-m?nima, j? que n?o envolve cancelamentos de zeros e p?los. A integra??o aos sistemas com estrutura vari?vel permite agregar rapidez no transit?rio e robustez ?s varia??es param?tricas e perturba??es. O objetivo deste trabalho ? desenvolver um controlador adaptativo por posicionamento de p?los e estrutura vari?vel (VS-APPC). Portanto, s?o propostas leis chaveadas em substitui??o ?s leis adaptativas integrais tradicionais. Adicionalmente, s?o apresentadas simula??es para uma planta de primeira ordem inst?vel, assim como simula??es e resultados pr?ticos da aplica??o da t?cnica proposta a um motor de indu??o trif?sico

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ValciFV_TESE.pdf: 3670403 bytes, checksum: d8b060478983488207d8885853eac60d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-05 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Electrical Motors transform electrical energy into mechanic energy in a relatively easy way. In some specific applications, there is a need for electrical motors to function with noncontaminated fluids, in high speed systems, under inhospitable conditions, or yet, in local of difficult access and considerable depth. In these cases, the motors with mechanical bearings are not adequate as their wear give rise to maintenance. A possible solution for these problems stems from two different alternatives: motors with magnetic bearings, that increase the length of the machine (not convenient), and the bearingless motors that aggregate compactness. Induction motors have been used more and more in research, as they confer more robustness to bearingless motors compared to other types of machines building with others motors. The research that has already been carried out with bearingless induction motors utilized prototypes that had their structures of stator/rotor modified, that differ most of the times from the conventional induction motors. The goal of this work is to study the viability of the use of conventional induction Motors for the beringless motors applications, pointing out the types of Motors of this category that can be more useful. The study uses the Finite Elements Method (FEM). As a means of validation, a conventional induction motor with squirrel-cage rotor was successfully used for the beringless motor application of the divided winding type, confirming the proposed thesis. The controlling system was implemented in a Digital Signal Processor (DSP) / Motores el?tricos transformam energia el?trica em energia mec?nica com relativa facilidade. Em algumas aplica??es particulares, necessita-se de motores el?tricos para trabalhar com flu?dos sem contamina??o, em regime de altas velocidades, em condi??es in?spitas, ou, ainda, em locais de dif?cil acesso e ? profundidade bastante consider?vel. Nestes casos, os motores com mancais mec?nicos, cujo desgaste ocasiona a necessidade de manuten??es, n?o s?o adequados. Uma solu??o poss?vel para este problema adv?m de duas alternativas: motores com mancais magn?ticos, que t?m o inconveniente de aumentar o comprimento da m?quina, e motores-mancais, que agregam compacidade. Motores de indu??o t?m sido cada vez mais utilizados em pesquisas, pois conferem maior robustez aos motores-mancais comparados a esses tipos de m?quinas constru?das com outros motores. As pesquisas j? realizadas com motores-mancais de indu??o utilizaram prot?tipos, cujas estruturas do estator e/ou rotor foram modificadas, diferindo em grande parte dos motores de indu??o convencionais. ? objetivo deste trabalho, estudar a viabilidade do uso dos motores de indu??o convencionais para a aplica??o de motores-mancais, apontando os tipos de motores dessa categoria que mais se ad?quam. O estudo utiliza o M?todo dos Elementos Finitos FEM. Como comprova??o, um motor de indu??o convencional com rotor gaiola de esquilo foi utilizado com sucesso para a aplica??o de motor-mancal do tipo enrolamento dividido, ratificando a tese proposta. O sistema de controle foi implementado em um Processador Digital de Sinais DSP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the present scenario rotating machines have been widely used in industry because of its relative simplicity, constructive robustness and low price. In this context, adequately characterize engine behavior in nominal operating conditions, as this mathematical modeling of these machines becomes interesting and can contribute to the implementation of a predictive control real-time, moreover, there fault detection possibility to, since the engine behavior change will be felt by the identified model. One way to get this mathematical structure is through their experimental data input and output, in order to identify systems is a good option as it studies ways to model and analyze systems, through its information input and output, with the aim of discovering knowledge standards. In this context, the work is to develop a mathematical model using system identification techniques in three phase induction machines through the experimental data with the objective to implement a model apt to behavior anticipate the three-phase induction motor application control for prediction. Moreover, it presents the importance of modeling the rotating machine, moreover, is demonstrated using the method of modeling identification system and a brief justification about ARX and ARMAX models. Also there was performed parametric estimation and then we performed a test to show the performance of the identification of the three-phase induction motor. / No cenário atual as máquinas rotativas têm sido bastante utilizadas nas indústrias, devido a sua relativa simplicidade, robustez construtiva e baixo preço. Neste contexto, caracterizar adequadamente o comportamento do motor operando em condições nominais diários, visto isto a modelagem matemática destas máquinas se torna interessante podendo contribuir para a implementação de um controle preditivo em tempo real, além disso, existe a possibilidade de detecção de falhas, visto que a mudança de comportamento do motor será sentida pelo modelo identificado. Essas falhas se desencadeiam com o envelhecimento e com condições adversas as quais os motores são submetidos ao longo de suas vidas úteis. Uma forma de obter essa estrutura matemática é por meio de seus dados experimentais de entrada e saída, neste intuito a identificação de sistemas é uma boa opção visto que estuda formas de se modelar e analisar sistemas, por meio de suas informações de entrada e saída, com o objetivo de descobrir padrões de comportamento. Neste contexto, o trabalho consiste em elaborar uma modelagem matemática utilizando as técnicas de identificação de sistema em máquinas de indução trifásicas por intermédio dos dados experimentais com o objetivo de implementar um modelo apto a antecipar o comportamento do motor de indução trifásico com aplicação em controle por predição. Além disso, apresenta a importância de se modelar a máquina rotativa, além disso, é demonstrada a metodologia da modelagem utilizando identificação de sistema e uma breve fundamentação sobre os modelos ARX e ARMAX. Também realizou-se a estimação paramétrica e em seguida efetuou-se um teste para mostrar o desempenho da identificação do motor de indução trifásico. / Mestre em Ciências