FERREIRA, Francicleber Martins. Modelos minimais e hierarquia de expressividade. 2007. 109 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T18:55:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_fmferreira.pdf: 752533 bytes, checksum: 98c57917ae2bd6af5de38f25d9ce7c39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-06-29T18:56:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_fmferreira.pdf: 752533 bytes, checksum: 98c57917ae2bd6af5de38f25d9ce7c39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-29T18:56:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_fmferreira.pdf: 752533 bytes, checksum: 98c57917ae2bd6af5de38f25d9ce7c39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Neste trabalho, o conceito de Modelo Minimal e seu uso na semântica de certas lógicas são estudados. Nós analisamos o poder expressivo de diversas lógicas que usam o conceito de Modelo Minimal para definir sua relação de satisfação. Os principais teoremas estudados foram o Teorema de Löwenheim-Skolem e o Teorema de Definibilidade de Beth. No Capítulo 1, nós damos algumas motivações e revisamos alguns conceitos básicos de Lógica. No Capítulo 2, nos estudamos a Lógica de Menor Ponto Fixo|LFP. Nós exibimos uma prova de que o Teorema de Beth não vale para LFP. Nós usamos teorias infinitas para provar isso. Utilizando um resultado de Hodkinson para L!!1!, nós mostramos que o Teorema de Beth continua não valendo mesmo para teorias finitas de LFP. Nós continuamos estudando problemas de definibilidade para LFP e demonstramos que, para tipos especiais de definições implícitas formadas por Sistemas Recursivos, que funcionam como definições recursivas em determinados contextos, existe uma definição explícita. Nós promavos ainda que o Teorema de LÄowenheim-Skolem Descendente vale para qualquer conjunto de fórmulas de LFP, independentemente de sua cardinalidade. No Capítulo 3, a Circunscrição de McCarthy e as Teorias Circunscritivas Aninhadas de Lifschitz, uma generalização da primeira. Nós abordamos o poder expressivo de Circunscrição e a falha do Teorema de LÄowenheim-Skolem Descendente. Nós também investigamos questões de definibilidade no contexto de Circunscrição. Nós encerramos esse capítulo mostrando que as Teorias Circunscritivas Aninhadas possuem poder expressivo comparável com o da Lógica de Segunda-Ordem. No Capítulo 4, nós estendemos uma lógica criada por van Benthem dando origem a duas outras lógicas, a saber, U-MIN e I-MIN. Nós provamos que ambas são equivalentes entre si em poder expressivo e daí em diante chamamos U-MIN de MIN. Nós introduzimos a Lógica Si-MIN de minimalização simultânea e provamos que Si-MIN é equivalente a U-MIN e I-MIN e também à Lógica de Segunda-Ordem. Nós então propomos o fragmento MIN¢ de MIN, cujo poder expressivo situa-se entre o da Lógica de Segunda-Ordem e o de LFP. No Capítulo 5, nós reunimos nossas conclusões e apontamos trabalhos futuros.

abstract: This dissertation studies the role of organizational politics and power and their role in the success of public service Public Private Partnerships (PPPs). By doing so, it addresses two areas of research in network governance and organizational theory. On one hand it explores the role of public private partnerships in the emerging network governance paradigm of public administration. On the other hand it studies the widely discussed but considerably under-researched role of organizational power in network governance. The literature review establishes public service PPPs as a sub type of governance networks, and provides an initial framework to study the nature and dynamics of power in these PPPs. The research is descriptive in nature and uses inductive reasoning in the tradition of Kathleen Eisenhardt. Case studies in rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan are conducted on two very similar PPPs. A replication logic is used to understand how power contributed to the success of one of those projects and lack of success in the other. Based on analysis of the findings, the dissertation concludes that public service PPPs succeed when the goals of the PPP are aligned with the goals of the most powerful collaborators. This is because regardless of its structure, a public service PPP pursues the goals targeted by the sum total of the power of its politically active collaborators. The dissertation also provides insight into the complexity of the concept of success in public service PPPs and the donor control on the operation and outcomes of public service PPPs. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Public Administration 2012

abstract: Virtual Patient Simulations (VPS) are web-based exercises involving simulated patients in virtual environments. This study investigates the utility of VPS for increasing medical student clinical reasoning skills, collaboration, and engagement. Many studies indicate that VPS provide medical students with essential practice in clinical decision making before they encounter real life patients. The utility of a recursive, inductive VPS for increasing clinical decision-making skills, collaboration, or engagement is unknown. Following a design-based methodology, VPS were implemented in two phases with two different cohorts of first year medical students: spring and fall of 2013. Participants were 108 medical students and six of their clinical faculty tutors. Students collaborated in teams of three to complete a series of virtual patient cases, submitting a ballpark diagnosis at the conclusion of each session. Student participants subsequently completed an electronic, 28-item Exit Survey. Finally, students participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing traditional (tutor-led) and VPS case instruction methods. This sequence of activities rendered quantitative and qualitative data that were triangulated during data analysis to increase the validity of findings. After practicing through four VPS cases, student triad teams selected accurate ballpark diagnosis 92 percent of the time. Pre-post test results revealed that PPT was significantly more effective than VPS after 20 minutes of instruction. PPT instruction resulted in significantly higher learning gains, but both modalities supported significant learning gains in clinical reasoning. Students collaborated well and held rich clinical discussions; the central phenomenon that emerged was "synthesizing evidence inductively to make clinical decisions." Using an inductive process, student teams collaborated to analyze patient data, and in nearly all instances successfully solved the case, while remaining cognitively engaged. This is the first design-based study regarding virtual patient simulation, reporting iterative phases of implementation and design improvement, culminating in local theories (petite generalizations) about VPS design. A thick, rich description of environment, process, and findings may benefit other researchers and institutions in designing and implementing effective VPS. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2014

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Neste trabalho, o conceito de Modelo Minimal e seu uso na semÃntica de certas lÃgicas sÃo estudados. NÃs analisamos o poder expressivo de diversas lÃgicas que usam o conceito de Modelo Minimal para definir sua relaÃÃo de satisfaÃÃo. Os principais teoremas estudados foram o Teorema de LÃwenheim-Skolem e o Teorema de Definibilidade de Beth. No CapÃtulo 1, nÃs damos algumas motivaÃÃes e revisamos alguns conceitos bÃsicos de LÃgica. No CapÃtulo 2, nos estudamos a LÃgica de Menor Ponto Fixo|LFP. NÃs exibimos uma prova de que o Teorema de Beth nÃo vale para LFP. NÃs usamos teorias infinitas para provar isso. Utilizando um resultado de Hodkinson para L!!1!, nÃs mostramos que o Teorema de Beth continua nÃo valendo mesmo para teorias finitas de LFP. NÃs continuamos estudando problemas de definibilidade para LFP e demonstramos que, para tipos especiais de definiÃÃes implÃcitas formadas por Sistemas Recursivos, que funcionam como definiÃÃes recursivas em determinados contextos, existe uma definiÃÃo explÃcita. NÃs promavos ainda que o Teorema de LÃowenheim-Skolem Descendente vale para qualquer conjunto de fÃrmulas de LFP, independentemente de sua cardinalidade. No CapÃtulo 3, a CircunscriÃÃo de McCarthy e as Teorias Circunscritivas Aninhadas de Lifschitz, uma generalizaÃÃo da primeira. NÃs abordamos o poder expressivo de CircunscriÃÃo e a falha do Teorema de LÃowenheim-Skolem Descendente. NÃs tambÃm investigamos questÃes de definibilidade no contexto de CircunscriÃÃo. NÃs encerramos esse capÃtulo mostrando que as Teorias Circunscritivas Aninhadas possuem poder expressivo comparÃvel com o da LÃgica de Segunda-Ordem. No CapÃtulo 4, nÃs estendemos uma lÃgica criada por van Benthem dando origem a duas outras lÃgicas, a saber, U-MIN e I-MIN. NÃs provamos que ambas sÃo equivalentes entre si em poder expressivo e daà em diante chamamos U-MIN de MIN. NÃs introduzimos a LÃgica Si-MIN de minimalizaÃÃo simultÃnea e provamos que Si-MIN à equivalente a U-MIN e I-MIN e tambÃm à LÃgica de Segunda-Ordem. NÃs entÃo propomos o fragmento MIN de MIN, cujo poder expressivo situa-se entre o da LÃgica de Segunda-Ordem e o de LFP. No CapÃtulo 5, nÃs reunimos nossas conclusÃes e apontamos trabalhos futuros.

Atualmente os ÃrgÃos de trÃnsito utilizam os sistemas de monitoramento de trÃfego para reduÃÃo de acidentes de trÃnsito e como ferramenta fundamental para a coleta de dados estatÃsticos para auxiliar no planejamento e gerenciamento dos sistemas viÃrios. Nestes dados sÃo observadas informaÃÃes como a quantidade de veÃculos que trafegam em determinado ponto, a velocidade mÃdia e a identificaÃÃo da categoria dos veÃculos. A identificaÃÃo da categoria dos veÃculos que trafegam em uma via permite o controle de acesso a faixas de rolagem destinadas a uma classe de veÃculos especÃfica. O objetivo desse trabalho à propor uma soluÃÃo para classificaÃÃo de veÃculos atravÃs da anÃlise de sinais coletados de sensores indutivos no momento em que o veÃculo passa sobre os mesmos. O conjunto destes sinais para cada veÃculo à denominado perfil magnÃtico. Foi utilizado um classificador baseado em Rede Neural Artificial (RNA) para identificar o tipo de veÃculo de acordo com o padrÃo do perfil magnÃtico coletado. Na implementaÃÃo do sistema foi utilizado um framework Java que possibilitou a integraÃÃo da RNA ao aplicativo que opera no equipamento de monitoramento de trÃfego. TambÃm foi desenvolvido um aplicativo em Java que permite realizar o treinamento da rede utilizando dados coletados no equipamento e tambÃm permite avaliar posteriormente os resultados obtidos pela RNA. Os veÃculos foram classificados nas seguintes categorias: motos, veÃculos pequenos, veÃculos mÃdios, Ãnibus e caminhÃes. O sistema desenvolvido foi integrado a um equipamento de fiscalizaÃÃo de trÃfego fabricado pela empresa Fotosensores e apresentou resultados satisfatÃrios, pois o Ãndice de acerto geral do classificador foi de 97%, alÃm de representar uma melhoria no equipamento que anteriormente realizava a classificaÃÃo em somente quatro classes de veÃculos. / Currently, transit agencies use traffic monitoring systems to reduce traffic accidents and as a fundamental tool for collecting statistical data for planning and management of road systems. These data are observed as the amount of information vehicles that travel at a certain point, the average speed and the identification of the category of vehicles. The identification of the category of vehicles that travels on a path allows you to control access lanes connecting to a specific class of vehicles. The objective of this work is to propose a solution for vehicle classification by analyzing signals collected from inductive sensors at the time the vehicle passes over the sensors. This set of signs for each vehicle is called the magnetic profile. This work used a classifier based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to identify the type of vehicle according to the pattern of magnetic profile collected. The implemented system used a Java framework that enabled the integration of ANN to the application that operates in the traffic monitoring equipment. It was developed a Java application that trains the ANN using data collected in the equipment and also allows evaluating further classification results obtained by the ANN. The vehicles were classified into the following categories: motorcycles, small vehicles, medium vehicles, buses and trucks. The developed system has been integrated into a traffic monitoring equipment manufactured by Fotosensores and gave satisfactory results with an overall success rate above 97%. It represents an improvement in the equipment that carried out the classification.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / No presente trabalho apresentamos a pesquisa o conhecimento indígena e a formação social do jovem, no contexto da comunidade Maruwai, T.I. São Marcos - Pacaraima. Partimos da necessidade de compreender os processos que transmissão de conhecimento e dos conflitos que ocorrem com os jovens indígenas em um contexto de mudanças, considera-se o contato com a escola, com as igrejas, religiões e outros elementos que tem influenciado e modificado as formas de preparação para a vida adulta desses sujeitos. Diante desses conflitos e mudanças culturais buscamos identificar quais conhecimentos próprios são transmitidos aos jovens no contexto da família, da comunidade e quais envolvem os valores sociais, as visões de vida e de mundo. Nessa pesquisa, utilizamos a ideia de fazer uma etnografia colaborativa, concomitante à proposta do método indutivo intercultural e da teoria da atividade. Dessa forma, desenvolvemos esse estudo para conhecer e explicitar os conhecimentos implícitos nas atividades significativas da qual os jovens participam. Na perspectiva Vigotskiana (teoria da atividade), partimos da realidade desses moradores para entender suas concepções de trabalho e de mundo, assim como acessar os conhecimentos indígenas. As atividades analisadas foram destacadas do calendário socionatural, no qual a relação sociedade e natureza são compreendida como parte integrante da educação indígena. Notamos que a preparação dos jovens dá-se pela necessidade que a vida comunitária exige. Há conhecimentos que são específicos de suas realidades e são transmitidos aos seus filhos (as) através da oralidade, da vivência na prática, como é o caso das danças, dos cantos, das histórias e suas crenças. A aquisição desses conhecimentos pelos novos membros se dá pela observação e pelo aprender fazendo. Nessa perspectiva, o tempo, o espaço e o ambiente fazem parte desse entendimento. É nessa interação de respeito com a natureza, que esses moradores do Maruwai repassam os valores sociais e os aperfeiçoam para atender suas necessidades. / In the present study, I researched indigenous knowledge and social formation of the young in the context of Maruwai community T.I. San Marcos. We started from the need to understand the processes that occur with indigenous youth in a context of significant changes due to contact with the school, with churches and religions and other elements that have modified forms of preparation for adult life. Faced with these conflicts and cultural changes, we seek to identify which own knowledges are transmitted to young people in the context of family, community and which involve social values, visions of the life and of the world. In this research, we used the idea of a collaborative ethnography, concurrent with the proposal of the intercultural inductive method and the theory of activity. Thus, we developed this study to understand and to explicit the implicit knowledges in the meaningful activities which young people participate. In Vygotskian perspective (theory of activity), we start from the reality of these residents to understand their conceptions of work and world, as well as access the indigenous knowledges. The analyzed activities were highlighted by the socionatural calendar, in which the relationship between society and nature is understood as an integral part of indigenous education. We note that the preparation of young people give up the need that community life requires. There are knowledges that are specific of their realities and are transmitted to their children through orality, the experience in practice, such as in the case of dances, songs, of the stories and their beliefs. The acquisition of these knowledges by new members is by observation and "learning by doing". In this perspective, the time, the space and the environment are part of this understanding. It is in this interaction of respect with nature, that these residents from Maruwai pass on social values and improve them to meet their own needs.

This licentiate thesis deals with automatic syntactic analysis, or parsing, of natural languages. A parser constructs the syntactic analysis, which it learns by looking at correctly analyzed sentences, known as training data. The general topic concerns manipulations of the training data in order to improve the parsing accuracy. Several studies using constituency-based theories for natural languages in such automatic and data-driven syntactic parsing have shown that training data, annotated according to a linguistic theory, often needs to be adapted in various ways in order to achieve an adequate, automatic analysis. A linguistically sound constituent structure is not necessarily well-suited for learning and parsing using existing data-driven methods. Modifications to the constituency-based trees in the training data, and corresponding modifications to the parser output, have successfully been applied to increase the parser accuracy. The topic of this thesis is to investigate whether similar modifications in the form of tree transformations to training data, annotated with dependency-based structures, can improve accuracy for data-driven dependency parsers. In order to do this, two types of tree transformations are in focus in this thesis. %This is a topic that so far has been less studied. The first one concerns non-projectivity. The full potential of dependency parsing can only be realized if non-projective constructions are allowed, which pose a problem for projective dependency parsers. On the other hand, non-projective parsers tend, among other things, to be slower. In order to maintain the benefits of projective parsing, a tree transformation technique to recover non-projectivity while using a projective parser is presented here. The second type of transformation concerns linguistic phenomena that are possible but hard for a parser to learn, given a certain choice of dependency analysis. This study has concentrated on two such phenomena, coordination and verb groups, for which tree transformations are applied in order to improve parsing accuracy, in case the original structure does not coincide with a structure that is easy to learn. Empirical evaluations are performed using treebank data from various languages, and using more than one dependency parser. The results show that the benefit of these tree transformations used in preprocessing and postprocessing to a large extent is language, treebank and parser independent.

This licentiate thesis deals with automatic syntactic analysis, or parsing, of natural languages. A parser constructs the syntactic analysis, which it learns by looking at correctly analyzed sentences, known as training data. The general topic concerns manipulations of the training data in order to improve the parsing accuracy. Several studies using constituency-based theories for natural languages in such automatic and data-driven syntactic parsing have shown that training data, annotated according to a linguistic theory, often needs to be adapted in various ways in order to achieve an adequate, automatic analysis. A linguistically sound constituent structure is not necessarily well-suited for learning and parsing using existing data-driven methods. Modifications to the constituency-based trees in the training data, and corresponding modifications to the parser output, have successfully been applied to increase the parser accuracy. The topic of this thesis is to investigate whether similar modifications in the form of tree transformations to training data, annotated with dependency-based structures, can improve accuracy for data-driven dependency parsers. In order to do this, two types of tree transformations are in focus in this thesis. The first one concerns non-projectivity. The full potential of dependency parsing can only be realized if non-projective constructions are allowed, which pose a problem for projective dependency parsers. On the other hand, non-projective parsers tend, among other things, to be slower. In order to maintain the benefits of projective parsing, a tree transformation technique to recover non-projectivity while using a projective parser is presented here. The second type of transformation concerns linguistic phenomena that are possible but hard for a parser to learn, given a certain choice of dependency analysis. This study has concentrated on two such phenomena, coordination and verb groups, for which tree transformations are applied in order to improve parsing accuracy, in case the original structure does not coincide with a structure that is easy to learn. Empirical evaluations are performed using treebank data from various languages, and using more than one dependency parser. The results show that the benefit of these tree transformations used in preprocessing and postprocessing to a large extent is language, treebank and parser independent.

This research compares the grammar in English schoolbooks with the grammar teaching practisedin a Swedish secondary school classroom. It explores the grammar content of two Englishschoolbooks from two different levels, and whether the teacher uses other materials when teachinggrammar: language websites with grammar and vocabulary exercises, and listening, reading andwriting activities, that are different or similar to the ones in the schoolbooks. The study also looks atdifferent grammar teaching methods, Grammar-translation method, Direct method andAudiolingual method, used in the schoolbooks. Throughout the years, different methods have beenused for teaching grammar, which is why it is interesting to see which ones are used here. Thegrammar content of two English schoolbooks and the classroom observations of year eight and yearnine English lessons were analysed and compared in order to find out whether the grammarteaching affects the pupils proficiency level and accuracy in their essays. This investigation isrelevant since language teaching has become more and more focused on communication, whichmeans that accuracy has a tendency of being forgotten, even though fluency and accuracy are bothequally important in order to achieve a communicative competence.

Traditional implementations of optical receivers are designed to operate with external photodetectors or require integration in a hybrid technology. By integrating a CMOS photodetector monolithically with an optical receiver, it can lead to the advantage of speed performance and cost. This dissertation describes the implementation of a photodetector in CMOS technology and the design of an optical receiver front-end and a clock and data recovery system. The CMOS detector converts the light input into an electrical signal, which is then amplified by the receiver front-end. The recovery system subsequently processes the amplified signal to extract the clock signal and retime the data. An inductive peaking methodology has been used extensively in the front-end. It allows the accomplishment of a necessary gain to compensate for an underperformed responsivity from the photodetector. The recovery circuits based on a nonlinear circuit technique were designed to detect the timing information contained in the data input. The clock and data recovery system consists of two units viz. a frequency-locked loop and a phase-locked loop. The frequency-locked loop adjusts the oscillator’s frequency to the vicinity of data rate before phase locking takes place. The phase-locked loop detects the relative locations between the data transition and the clock edge. It then synchronises the input data to the clock signal generated by the oscillator. A system level simulation was performed and it was found to function correctly and to comply with the gigabit fibre channel specification. / Dissertation (MEng (Micro-Electronics))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / unrestricted