Bakgrund: Behovet av sjukvård ökar internationellt och allt fler av de vårdsökande är personer med långvarig sjukdom. Detta ökar kravet på vården och vårdpersonalen men även på de vårdsökande personerna. Egenvård är ett sätt att hantera detta och tas fram tillsammans med den enskilda personen och sjukvårdspersonalen. Ett nytt verktyg inom egenvård är m-hälsa där appar används som loggbok, övervakning och ett sätt att kommunicera med personer i samma situation och med vårdpersonal. Syfte: Beskriva hur personer med långvarig sjukdom upplever användandet av m- hälsa vid egenvård. Metod: Litteraturöversikt baserad på 14 kvalitativa artiklar funna i databaserna Pubmed, Cinahl, och Medline. Resultat: Deltagarna såg m- hälsa som ett hjälpmedel vid hanteringen av sin långvariga sjukdom. Motivationen till användningen under en längre tid minskade dock och även ökad stress och ångest var förekommande bland användarna. Diskussion: M-hälsa uppfattades till stora delar som en positiv upplevelse då personerna med långvarig sjukdom fick en bättre överblick av sitt tillstånd. De kunde lättare se hur övningar gav resultat i mätvärden och se tidiga varningstecken på en försämring av sitt tillstånd. Det fanns även de som upplevde att m-hälsa skapade ett beroende av tekniken och därmed minskade själv- ständigheten i sin sjukdom. / Background: The need of healthcare is growing all over the world and the amount of people with chronic diseases increases. This causes more pressure on the healthcare and the personnel, but also on the patients. Self-care is a growing phe- nomenon in healthcare; the way to manage self-care is different for everyone and is developed with healthcare personnel and the patient. A new tool used is m-health; in the m-health applications diaries, monitoring, and a way to communicate with other people in the same situation and with healthcare personnel. Aim: Describe how peo- ple with chronic deceases experience m-health during self-care. Method: Literature review based on fourteen articles from the databases; PubMed, Cinahl, and Medline. Result: The attendants saw m-health as a tool for self-care. The motivation was though decreasing during a long-term use and increased feelings of anxiety and stress was describes from some of the users. Discussion: M-health was mostly a positive experience for the attendants and they got a better overview of their disease and early warning signs if the illness was aggra- vating. The downside of m-health was the feeling of being addicted to the technology and that was lowering the feeling of independents.

Throughout the last three decades there has been a shift in the provision of crisis services from the hospital to the community (Joy, Adams, & Rice, 2007). Further, the needs of individuals experiencing crises differ, making it essential that these community organizations are able to adapt to each client that they serve (Krupa, Stuart, Mathany, Smart, & Chen, 2010). Program evaluations are one way to determine if, and how, best services are being provided. Using a utilization-focused (Patton, 1997) process evaluation (Stufflebeam & Shinkfield, 2007) framework, the purpose of this study was to explore client perspectives on the services that they are receiving from Crisis Management Service (CMS). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants based on questions generated with CMS staff support. Using the general inductive approach (Thomas, 2006), transcripts were analyzed and eight dimensions emerged. The results illustrate client experiences with CMS, client perspectives on the care that they are receiving from CMS, and the benefits they are receiving from being involved with CMS. However, the findings also indicate, that participants would like to change some elements of the program (e.g., having more constant support and having more finances). This study provides valuable insight on clients’ perspectives, particularly that of vulnerable clients in crisis situations, an area that is not extensively researched. This research may also benefit individuals in helping professions as it highlights the effects of working from a strength-based model with at-risk individuals, and the need to engage clients in their move to a healthier lifestyle.

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The master thesis describes in its introduction the deductive and inductive approach to teaching English grammar, compares them, and also lists the pros and cons of each approach. The main content of the theoretical part is the presentation of key concepts and principles of inductive teaching of English grammar. The practical part converts theoretical knowledge to real grammar teaching. Pupils learned how to express past events within four lessons. These sample lessons are examples of good practice of teaching grammar inductively. The reflection of these lessons is provided at the end of this part.

This research compares the grammar in English schoolbooks with the grammar teaching practisedin a Swedish secondary school classroom. It explores the grammar content of two Englishschoolbooks from two different levels, and whether the teacher uses other materials when teachinggrammar: language websites with grammar and vocabulary exercises, and listening, reading andwriting activities, that are different or similar to the ones in the schoolbooks. The study also looks atdifferent grammar teaching methods, Grammar-translation method, Direct method andAudiolingual method, used in the schoolbooks. Throughout the years, different methods have beenused for teaching grammar, which is why it is interesting to see which ones are used here. Thegrammar content of two English schoolbooks and the classroom observations of year eight and yearnine English lessons were analysed and compared in order to find out whether the grammarteaching affects the pupils proficiency level and accuracy in their essays. This investigation isrelevant since language teaching has become more and more focused on communication, whichmeans that accuracy has a tendency of being forgotten, even though fluency and accuracy are bothequally important in order to achieve a communicative competence.

SAMMANFATTNING Bakgrund: Artros är den vanligaste, kroniska ledsjukdomen som drabbar kroppens olika leder bland annat knäleden. Fysisk aktivitet är den främsta behandlingen vid ledsjukdomen där artrosskolan finns till som stöd för patienterna. Fysioterapeuterna i artrosskolan arbetar hälsofrämjande med artrospatienter genom att befrämja fysisk aktivitet. Syfte: Att undersöka vad patienter med knäartros upplever har påverkat deras motivation för fysisk aktivitet under artrosskolan. Metod: Denna studie är en kvalitativ intervjustudie som genomfördes med en induktiv ansats. Sex deltagare inkluderades i studien där en semistrukturerad intervjuguide användes. Vidare analyserades intervjuerna med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Materialet tolkades och sorterades i kategorier och underkategorier. Resultat: Studien resulterade i fem huvudkategorier som vidare delades in i sex underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var: det sociala stödet på artrosskolan, enkel och lättillgänglig träning, ökad förståelse, upplevda effekter av artrosskolan och brist på uppföljning och personlig kontakt. Slutsatser: Resultatet indikerar att kompetens, självbestämmande och tillhörighet har haft en inverkan för vad som har påverkat motivationen för fysisk aktivitet. Deltagarnas upplevelser om vad som påverkat deras motivation kan därmed kopplas till Self-determination theory där tidigare nämna begrepp är tre viktiga grundstenar. Det har framgått att deltagarna upplevt att det sociala stödet från artrosskolan, fysiska och psykologiska effekter samt en ökad förståelse för artros och träningens betydelse har bidragit till ökad motivation för fysisk aktivitet.

SOMMAIRE Les élèves du primaire éprouvent de la difficulté à transférer, dans leurs productions écrites, les notions d’orthographe grammaticale enseignées en classe de français. La présente recherche souhaite vérifier si l’enseignement de l’identification des classes de mots par la méthode inductive jumelée aux approches spécifique ou intégrée permettrait aux élèves de repérer plus efficacement les déterminants, les noms, les adjectifs et les verbes dans leurs propres productions écrites et, par la suite, d’effectuer correctement les accords grammaticaux. La cueillette de données s’effectue à l’aide de six productions écrites rédigées en autant de semaines par les élèves de trois groupes-classes de la 2e année du 2e cycle du primaire. Les résultats des groupes expérimentaux (un expérimentant l’approche intégrée et l’autre, l’approche spécifique) sont comparés à ceux obtenus par un groupe de contrôle. À la fin de l’expérimentation, les résultats se sont maintenus, entre le prétest et le post-test, en ce qui concerne l’identification des déterminants, des noms et des adjectifs pour les trois groupes. Ils ont cependant diminué pour ce qui est de l’identification des verbes. En ce qui concerne les accords grammaticaux, tous les groupes ont amélioré leurs accords déterminant-nom, le groupe contrôle a présenté de meilleurs résultats pour l’accord de l’adjectif et seul le groupe expérimentant l’approche spécifique a réussi à maintenir ses résultats concernant l’accord du verbe, alors que les deux autres groupes ont obtenu des résultats plus faibles à la fin de l’expérimentation. / SUMMARY The students at the elementary level of education demonstrate a great level of difficulty when transferring grammatical concepts taught previously in their French classes. This research wishes to verify if teaching students to identify the classes of words using the inductive method combined with specific approaches or integrated methods would increase the students’ facility to locate determinants, nouns, adjectives and verbs in their own written productions in order to correctly carry out the grammatical agreements. The data is gathered from six written productions written during several weeks by three groups of students in their second year of cycle two. The results of the experimental groups (one trying out the integrated approach and the other, the specific approach) are compared with those obtained from a control group. At the end of the experiment, the results were maintained, between the pretest and the post-test, with regards to the identification of the determinants, the nouns and the adjectives for the three groups. However, the results decreased in regards to the identification of the verbs. With regards to the grammatical agreements, all the groups improved their agreements determinant-name. Moreover, the control groups had better results in the agreement of the adjective. Also, only the group trying out the specific approach succeeded in maintaining its results regarding the agreement of the verb, whereas the two other groups obtained weaker results at the end of the experimentation.

SOMMAIRE Les élèves du primaire éprouvent de la difficulté à transférer, dans leurs productions écrites, les notions d’orthographe grammaticale enseignées en classe de français. La présente recherche souhaite vérifier si l’enseignement de l’identification des classes de mots par la méthode inductive jumelée aux approches spécifique ou intégrée permettrait aux élèves de repérer plus efficacement les déterminants, les noms, les adjectifs et les verbes dans leurs propres productions écrites et, par la suite, d’effectuer correctement les accords grammaticaux. La cueillette de données s’effectue à l’aide de six productions écrites rédigées en autant de semaines par les élèves de trois groupes-classes de la 2e année du 2e cycle du primaire. Les résultats des groupes expérimentaux (un expérimentant l’approche intégrée et l’autre, l’approche spécifique) sont comparés à ceux obtenus par un groupe de contrôle. À la fin de l’expérimentation, les résultats se sont maintenus, entre le prétest et le post-test, en ce qui concerne l’identification des déterminants, des noms et des adjectifs pour les trois groupes. Ils ont cependant diminué pour ce qui est de l’identification des verbes. En ce qui concerne les accords grammaticaux, tous les groupes ont amélioré leurs accords déterminant-nom, le groupe contrôle a présenté de meilleurs résultats pour l’accord de l’adjectif et seul le groupe expérimentant l’approche spécifique a réussi à maintenir ses résultats concernant l’accord du verbe, alors que les deux autres groupes ont obtenu des résultats plus faibles à la fin de l’expérimentation. / SUMMARY The students at the elementary level of education demonstrate a great level of difficulty when transferring grammatical concepts taught previously in their French classes. This research wishes to verify if teaching students to identify the classes of words using the inductive method combined with specific approaches or integrated methods would increase the students’ facility to locate determinants, nouns, adjectives and verbs in their own written productions in order to correctly carry out the grammatical agreements. The data is gathered from six written productions written during several weeks by three groups of students in their second year of cycle two. The results of the experimental groups (one trying out the integrated approach and the other, the specific approach) are compared with those obtained from a control group. At the end of the experiment, the results were maintained, between the pretest and the post-test, with regards to the identification of the determinants, the nouns and the adjectives for the three groups. However, the results decreased in regards to the identification of the verbs. With regards to the grammatical agreements, all the groups improved their agreements determinant-name. Moreover, the control groups had better results in the agreement of the adjective. Also, only the group trying out the specific approach succeeded in maintaining its results regarding the agreement of the verb, whereas the two other groups obtained weaker results at the end of the experimentation.

1 Abstract This thesis deals with teaching the following seven future forms: the Future Simple, Be going to, the Present Simple and the Present Continuous with a future reference, the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous to students of English Philology. The deductive and inductive approaches to teaching grammar were employed to teach these future forms. The quantitative part of the study had two main objectives. The first objective was to revise and improve the students' knowledge of the seven future forms taught by the study. The results revealed that out of all the seven future forms, the students' knowledge of the Future Continuous, the Future Perfect Simple and the Future Perfect Continuous was the least satisfactory, and these tenses required further explanation and practice. The participants' knowledge of the rules of use for all seven future forms was rather low in general and required significant improvement. The second objective was to investigate which approach to teaching grammar, the deductive or inductive approach, was more effective for teaching future tenses. The deductive approach proved to be more effective for teaching all seven future forms. The difference between the results of the pre-test and the post-test for the Future Continuous, the Future...

Det finns inte mycket forskning kring hur ett nytt redovisningssystem börjar i en organisation. Forskning kring hållbarhet och hållbarhetsredovisning har bidragit till en nyfikenhet att studera det tidiga skedet av ett eventuellt nytt system för redovisning av hållbarhet. Detta har bidragit till ett ökat intresse av att studera nätverk och relationer mellan aktörer där vi ställer oss i mitten av handlingarna i en organisation för att möjligtvis ta del av det tidiga skedet. Syftet med denna studie är att studera hur hållbarhetsredovisningen konstrueras, med konstrueras menar vi hur ett nytt hållbarhetsredovisningssystem möjligtvis kan tas fram.Vi har genomfört kvalitativa intervjuer med anställda som arbetar med sociala och miljömässiga frågor i Borås Stad. Studien har en fallstudiedesign med ett snöbollsurval. Totalt har vi intervjuat åtta anställda i kommunen varav fyra tjänstemän och fyra politiker. I empirin och analysen har vi arbetat utifrån en induktiv ansats med ett etnografiskt perspektiv. Vi har skapat egna kategorier med inspiration från Actor-network theory som metodteori. Vi har analyserat empirin utifrån metodteorin och strukturerat upp det empiriska materialet i syfte att tydliggöra våra observationer under kategorierna involverade aktörer, aktörers intressen, konflikter och hinder samt översättning.Vi har observerat att kommunen befinner sig i processen av att möjligtvis utveckla ett nytt system för redovisning av hållbarhet. Kommunen behöver fokusera på att integrera de tre hållbarhetsdimensionerna med varandra samt hur kommunen ska beräkna sociala och miljömässiga effekter uttryckta i ekonomiska termer. Studien visar på att den finansiella redovisningen har en betydande roll i kommunen och att förändringsarbete inte är förespråkat. För att bryta gamla arbetsmönster och tankesätt bör kommunen uppmärksamma sin situation och identifiera problem. Studien pekar på verkligheten där vi uppmärksammar kommunens situation. Sammantaget drar vi slutsatsen att kommunen bör bilda ett nätverk. När ett nätverk bildas integrerar aktörer med varandra där de blir aktörer i ett nätverk och får värde genom interaktion, därmed kan komplexiteten i organisationen reduceras. Bildandet av ett nätverk kan möjligtvis bidra till rekonstruktion av kommunens system för redovisning av hållbarhet. / There is not much research on how a new accounting system begins in an organization. Scientific research concerning sustainability and corporate sustainability reports has contributed to a curiosity of studying the early stages of a new possible sustainability accounting system. This has contributed to an increased interest in studying networks and relationships between actors by putting ourselves in the middle of the actions in an organization to possibly take part of the early stages. The purpose of this study is to study how corporate sustainability reports are constructed, with construction we mean how a new sustainability accounting system may be developed.We have conducted qualitative interviews with employees who work with social and environmental issues in Borås municipality. The study applies a case study design and a snowball selection. In total, we have interviewed eight employees in the municipality, four of whom are officials and four are politicians. During the empirics and analysis, we have applied an inductive approach with an ethnographic perspective. We have created our own categories with inspiration from Actor-network theory as method theory. We have analyzed the empirics based on the method theory and structured the empirics in order to clarify our observations under the categories involved actors, actors interests, conflicts and obstacles as well as translation.We have observed that the municipality is in the process of possibly developing a new sustainability accounting system. The municipality need to focus more on integrating the three dimensions of sustainability with each other and also how the municipality is to calculate social and environmental effects expressed in economic terms. The study shows that the financial accounting has a significant role in the municipality and that change is not advocated. To break old work patterns and ways of thinking the municipality should pay attention to its situation and identify problems. The study points towards the reality where we focus on the situation of the municipality. Altogether, we conclude that the municipality should create a network. When a network is created actors integrates with each other as they become actors in a network and gain value through interaction, thus reducing the complexity of the organization. The creation of a network may possibly contribute to a reconstruction of the municipality's sustainability accounting system.This paper is written in Swedish.