Universities play an important role within their region and the common economy. They are source of the development of essential knowledge and industrially relevant technology, have a strong influence in economic development of a region, and, as employers, they are part of the regional society. In addition universities have an influence on the competitiveness of a region through a combination of people’s wellbeing, regional feeling, reputation, and everyday happiness. Students of universities get an impression of the universities themselves and of the surrounding environment. They promote their feelings about the universities, the campus, and the city to their relatives, families, and friends. The focus of the present study is to visualize the influence of universities on their region, the development in the past decade and the existing challenges to combine third level education with traditional occurrences and the vicissitude of a region influenced by the universities themselves. The research area is the Austrian municipality Krems at the Danube with five universities which has a long tradition in education. The foundation of the first two universities in the middle of the 1990s was the start of higher education within the region. Inductively based approach was used for investigating how universities are influencing their environment, which needs exist and which benefits are created through a common planning and confident cooperation with the regional government. Empirical data was collected through a mix of methods; in addition to literature and statistics the main data was extracted from interviews with involved persons of the universities and the local government. As a result of this study the predominating topics mentioned by the interviewees are the challenges for both participants which are given by a change of society through increasing numbers of students and young people, the tasks to solve infrastructural problems, the effects and advantages for the local labor market and the purchasing power of the region, the reputation and its effects to the region, and finally the common need and ways to intensify the cooperation between the local government and the universities. The aim of this study is to give a broad but detailed overview about the thinking of involved persons and to compile implications to focus further research.

Elevers inställning och attityder till det som undervisas påverkar i stor utsträckning hur mycket de lär sig. Det i sin tur gör att det är viktigt att ta reda på elevers intressen och att de får ha inflytande över undervisningen. I lagstiftning, dvs. skolans och kursers mål, uttrycks tydligt att detta ses som viktigt på samhällsnivå. Syftet med mitt arbete är att ta reda på om detta syns i lärarnas tankar kring biologiundervisningen, samt vad deras elever har för uppfattning om sitt eget inflytande. Jag vill även undersöka vad de båda parterna ser för svårigheter och möjligheter med elevinflytande och om det kan göras förbättringar. Undersökningen utfördes på en gymnasieskola i Mellansverige där 2 lärare i biologi och totalt 4 elever intervjuades (2 från vardera lärares klass i biologi A). För en bra övergripande bild så deltog dessutom hela lärarnas klasser i en enkätundersökning. Resultaten visar att lärarnas intention om att ha en kontinuerlig dialog med eleverna går eleverna förbi, eleverna uppfattar inte heller att de uppmanas att komma med synpunkter. Eleverna vill att läraren oftare och på ett tydligare sätt undersöker vad de är intresserade av inom ett nytt område. Om de får komma till tals på detta sätt får de större förståelse för att den enskilda elevens önskemål inte alltid kan uppmärksammas. Elever och lärare är dock överens om att läraren måste vara styrande och att inflytande inte får bli självändamål utan måste användas så att det leder till bättre inlärning. Jag kommer att ta med mig mina resultat i fortsatt utbildning och framtida yrke som lärare. Alltså att elever ska ges möjlighet att influera och de har själva många bra tips på hur det ska gå till, därför ska man fråga om deras åsikt istället för att anta. / Students’ opinions and attitudes of the teaching greatly affect how much they learn. With this in mind it is important to know their interests and also significant that they are given the opportunity to influence. By law, the goals of Swedish schools and their courses clearly intend that students do so as much as possible. The purpose of my study is to see if this is shown in the biology teachers’ thoughts considering their own teaching. As well as finding out what their students think of their own influence. I also want to inquire into both parties’ views on difficulties and possibilities when it comes to students’ influence, and if improvements can be done. My research took place at an upper secondary school in central Sweden where two biology teachers and a total of four students took part in interviews (two from each teacher’s class in biology A). Other than that, both the entire classes of biology A participated in a questionnaire for a better overall view of the students’ opinions. My results show that the teachers’ intentions are to keep a continuous dialogue with the students throughout the course. However, the teachers’ ways of encouraging students to take part and give their opinions are not registered by the students. The results show, on the contrary, that they want the teacher to investigate students’ interests in a new subject or issue more often, and in a more distinct way. If pupils get to influence; they are more likely to understand and accept that the one student’s wishes cannot always be attended to. However, students and teachers agree on the subject that the teacher has to be in control and that students’ influence must not be a purpose of its own but it has to improve learning. I will include the findings I have acquired continuously in my education as well as in my future profession as a teacher. That is, students should be given the opportunity to influence and they have many useful ideas on how to do so as well, which is why it is important to ask their opinion instead of assuming.

Schools inspections investigation has shown that most pedagogues are experiencing significant challenges to stimulate students and to invite students to participate and to influence the teaching structure and content. This study is based in the school inspections school questionnaire from 2013 which shows that Vallentuna high school results in two categories stimulation as well as participation and influence gets a low index value compared to all participating school units. Previous research has shown that the field studies creates greater amount of stimulation, increases students’ participation and provide experience of a bigger influence. Careful preparations are also important and the right form of field studies. This study will be using a quantitative student questionnaire and qualitative interviews with teachers to examine how students value the field studies as stimulating methodology of teaching and if the participation and influence increases with the help of field studies outside of school. The study will also examine whether there are differences between students in different year. Vallentuna high school students experience field studies, more fun, more interesting and stimulating than usual schoolwork. At the same time raises field studies student participation and thereby creates favorable conditions for influence. Students’ perception of influence during field studies decreases the longer students study in high school. This study confirms the findings of the two categories are unchanged, but with the help of field studies can Vallentuna gymnasium raise students’ stimulation and participation. The field studies must be well planned for the increased participation also will increase students' ability to influence.

The main objective of this study was to quantify changes in physical features of western Canadian wheat kernels caused by moisture increase using a machine vision system. Single wheat kernels of eight western Canadian wheat classes were conditioned to 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% (wet basis) moisture content, one after another, using headspaces above various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions which regulated relative humidity. A digital camera of 7.4 x 7.4 μm pixel resolution with an inter-line transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor was used to acquire images of individual kernels of all samples. A machine vision algorithm developed at the Canadian Wheat Board Centre for Grain Storage Research, University of Manitoba, was implemented to extract 49 morphological features from the wheat kernel images. Of the 49 morphological features, 24, 11, 7, 21, 26, 11, 17, and 9 features of Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Western Amber Durum, Canada Prairie Spring White, Canada Prairie Spring Red, Canada Western Extra Strong, Canada Western Red Winter, Canada Western Hard White Spring, and Canada Western Soft White Spring wheat kernels, respectively, were significantly (α=0.05) different as the moisture content increased from 12 to 20%. Generally the basic morphological features such as area, perimeter, major axis length, minor axis length, maximum radius, minimum radius, and mean radius were linearly increased with increase in moisture content. In all cases the moment and Fourier descriptor features decreased as moisture content increased from 12 to 20%.

The purpose of this work is to offer a study of the novels of Jewish-American author Henry Roth, situating those novels within several contexts, namely: early twentieth century life and ethnography in New York City, immigrant-specifically Jewish-experience, Judaism, with special reference to Eastern European orthodoxy, Roth's autobiographical style, and Hebrew literature. Of particular note is the issue of continuity that Roth himself incessantly sought.The first chapter provides a biographical sketch of Henry Roth, weaving together a brief story of his life that includes commentary upon his boyhood years, his family and relationships, his novels, and the sixty-year-long writer's block that intervened between publication of his first novel, Call It Sleep, and the 1990s volumes of the Mercy of a Rude Stream series; four novels of that series are currently in print. Chapter Two offers a brief outline of Jewish history that not only helps place Roth among the Eastern European Diaspora Jews of early twentieth century New York City but that also introduces the concepts of sin, atonement, and covenant that pervade Roth's writings.Chapter Three is devoted to an examination of Call It Sleep. This third chapter introduces and credits previous Roth scholarship while discussing the novel as an immigrant story, as Hebraic literature in its use of Midrashic elements and themes, and as ethnography. Additionally, this section suggests that Call It Sleep is somewhat polemic in its emphasis upon the Judaic convenant, despite Roth's assimilationist.stance during the years in which he composed the novel.Sequent to a fourth chapter describing the years between 1934 and the 1990s, years in which Roth found himself unable to write another novel and published but sporadically in periodicals, a fifth chapter discusses Roth's Mercy of a Rude Stream series. Those novels, again valuable documents that accurately depict turn-of-thecentury New York as well as the tale of the immigrant, exhibit continuity both among themselves and with Roth's first novel in their covenant thematic and Midrashic structure. Concepts discussed include intertextuality, teshuvah, and kedushah. The conclusion provides summary and is followed by a brief glossary. / Department of English

The main objective of this study was to quantify changes in physical features of western Canadian wheat kernels caused by moisture increase using a machine vision system. Single wheat kernels of eight western Canadian wheat classes were conditioned to 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20% (wet basis) moisture content, one after another, using headspaces above various concentrations of potassium hydroxide (KOH) solutions which regulated relative humidity. A digital camera of 7.4 x 7.4 μm pixel resolution with an inter-line transfer charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor was used to acquire images of individual kernels of all samples. A machine vision algorithm developed at the Canadian Wheat Board Centre for Grain Storage Research, University of Manitoba, was implemented to extract 49 morphological features from the wheat kernel images. Of the 49 morphological features, 24, 11, 7, 21, 26, 11, 17, and 9 features of Canada Western Red Spring, Canada Western Amber Durum, Canada Prairie Spring White, Canada Prairie Spring Red, Canada Western Extra Strong, Canada Western Red Winter, Canada Western Hard White Spring, and Canada Western Soft White Spring wheat kernels, respectively, were significantly (α=0.05) different as the moisture content increased from 12 to 20%. Generally the basic morphological features such as area, perimeter, major axis length, minor axis length, maximum radius, minimum radius, and mean radius were linearly increased with increase in moisture content. In all cases the moment and Fourier descriptor features decreased as moisture content increased from 12 to 20%.

Hen beskrivs som ett könsneutralt pronomen som används när könstillhörigheten är okänd, oväsentlig eller ska otydliggöras samt där människan inte vill kategoriseras i grupperna “man” eller “kvinna”. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken inverkan det könsneutrala pronomenet hen har på människor. Tre frågeställningar användes ”påverkas attityden till författaren när pronomenet hen används i text?”, ”hur upplevs den språkliga kvalitén när författaren väljer att använda pronomenet hen?”, ”är en text med hen mer påverkande än en text utan hen?”. Experiment utformades där fyra fiktiva insändare utdelades med medföljande egenkonstruerad enkät. Två vinjetter med “hen” och två med ”han”, där författarens kön varierade. Deltagare var 133 personer varav 69 kvinnor, i åldrarna 18-73. Genom variansanalys visades att attityden till författaren var mindre positiv och den språkliga kvalitén uppfattades som lägre då hen förekom i texten. Hen rekommenderas att nyttjas med försiktighet då pronomenet ger en negativ inställning till texten samt författaren.

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The project set out to use a very precise three dimensional tracking system to identify changes in joint condition for use in clinical assessment. Untried and untested the CODA-3 was brought into the department and put through a six month period of validification in order to evaluate it's capabilities. These are described in detail in the text. Once satisfied that the equipment was capable of measuring minute rapidly changing position of it's prismatic markers, pilot studies were devised to assess it's ability to reproduce the results from well recognised gait-analysis techniques. It gave promising results. The next task was to determine which set of parameters we could derive using CODA-3 that would be of use in describing the kinematics of the diseased and/or prosthetic knee for use as a tool in clinical assessment. Using FORTRAN, subroutines were written and run on a DEC LSI-11 computer, to collect, store and analyse the x, y and z coordinates of the eight CODA landmarks. It was hoped that by appropriate siting of the markers the velocities and accelerations of the segments comprising a joint could be monitored throughout the gait cycle. The resultant patterns of these parameters were plotted out, and the actual data values stored. It was hypothesised that weaknesses in a joint, whether or not detectable by clinical examination would, at points in the gait cycle of maximum joint loading be seen as ectopics in the smooth waveform of the acceleration and velocity of the profiles expected from the normal knee. The results the author presents would suggest that if the limitations of this particular model could be overcome (as it is reported they will be) then the technique has the capability of highlighting abnormalities in a joint. The author is doubtful however that these same weaknesses could not be detected by the clinician. The system may well have other applications related to this area of work and these are discussed.

Interval timing behaviour refers to the ability of animals and humans to adapt their behaviour to temporal regularities in their environments. Two important classes of interval timing behaviour are temporal discrimination (discriminating between the durations of external events) and temporal differentiation (behavioural adaptation during an ongoing interval). It has been known for many years that drugs that affect central dopaminergic function can alter both forms of timing behaviour. More recently, evidence has been accumulated which shows that manipulation of central 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HTergic) function can also influence interval timing behaviour. The experiments described in this thesis examined the effects of drugs acting at some subtypes of 5-HT receptors on temporal discrimination and temporal differentiation in the rat. Chapter 1 contains a review of the relevant literature. First, the anatomy, biochemistry and receptor pharmacology of the 5-HTergic system is outlined, and a selective review of the role of 5-HT in some behaviours relevant to this project is presented. This is followed by an overview of the behavioural methodology that has been used to study timing behaviour in animals, and an account of the major theories of timing behaviour. Finally, the behavioural pharmacology of timing behaviour is reviewed. Chapters 2-7 describe a series of experiments examining the effects of drugs acting at 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A/2C, and 5-HT3 receptors on temporal discrimination and temporal differentiation. Experiment 1 examined the effect of the 5-HT3 receptor agonist m-chlorophenylbiguanide (m-CPBG) and the non-selective agonist quipazine on temporal discrimination performance in the discrete-trials psychophysical procedure. Quipazine produced a dose-dependent disruption of temporal discrimination, consisting of a rightward displacement and flattening of the fitted psychometric function, reflected in a significant increase in the values of the indifference point T50 and the Weber fraction. m-CPBG had no significant effect on either T50 or the Weber fraction. The effects of quipazine were completely abolished by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin, but not by the 5-HT3 receptor antagonist topanyl 3,5-dichlorobenzoate (MDL-72222), indicating that the effect of quipazine was mediated by 5-HT 2A, and not 5-HT 3 receptors. In experiment 2, the effects of quipazine and m-CPBG were examined on temporal differentiation performance in the free-operant psychophysical procedure. Quipazine dose-dependently displaced the psychometric function to the left, reducing the value of T50, and significantly increased the Weber fraction. m-CPBG had no effect on the parameters of the function. The effects of quipazine were reversed by co-administration of ketanserin, but not by co-administration of MD L-72222. These results suggest that while 5-HT 2A receptor stimulation has a robust influence on temporal differentiation, 5-HT3 receptor stimulation does not. Experiment 3 further examined the effect of 5-HT2A receptor stimulation on temporal discrimination. The 5-HT 2A/2C receptor agonist 2,5- dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI) increased the Weber fraction and tended to increase T50. Ketanserin and the highly selective 5-HT2A receptor antagonist (± )2,3-dimethoxyphenyl-1-(2-( 4-piperidine )-methanol) (MDL-I00907) fully antagonized the effects of DOI The results indicate that DOI disrupts temporal discrimination via stimulation of 5-HT2A receptors. Experiment 4 examined whether intra-striatal injection of DOI would affect temporal discrimination, and whether the effect of systemically administered DOI on temporal discrimination would be blocked either by MDL-100907 or by 8-( 5 -(2, 4-dimethoxy-5 -( trifluoromethylphenylsulphonamido )phenyl-5-oxopentyl)-1 ,3,8- riazaspiro( 4.5)decane-2,4-dione RS- 102221: a selective 5-HT2C receptor antagonist), administered directly into the dorsal striatum. Intra-striatal injection of DOI did not affect temporal discrimination. Systemically administered DOI disrupted temporal discrimination; this effect was not attenuated by intra-striatal injection of MDL-100907 or RS102221, suggesting that the 5-HT2 receptors that mediate DOI's effect on temporal discrimination are not located in the dorsal striatum. Experiments 5 and 6 examined the effects of intra-striatally administered DOI, MDL-100907 and RS-102221 on temporal differentiation. In experiment 5, systemic injection of DOI significantly reduced T50. This effect was antagonized by systemically administered MDL-100907. In experiment 6, intra-striatally administered DOI had no significant effect on T50 or the Weber fraction. Intra-striatal injections of MDL-100907 and RS-102221 did not alter temporal differentiation, and failed to reverse the effects of systemically administered DOI. The results suggest that the 5-HT2 receptor population responsible for DOI’s effect on temporal differentiation is not located in the dorsal striatum. Experiment 7 examined the effect of a 5-HT1A and a 5-HT2A receptor agonist on another widely-used temporal differentiation schedule, the fixed interval peak procedure. The 5-HT1A receptor agonist 8-hydroxy-2-( di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-0H-DPAT) and the 5-HT2A/2C receptor agonist DOI had similar effects on performance: both agonists displaced the peak function to the left and reduced the peak time, tpeak. The effect of 8-0H-DPAT was antagonized by the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist N-[2-( 4-[2-methoxyphenyl]- 1-piperazinyl)ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide (WAY- 100635), and the effect of DOI by the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist ketanserin, respectively. These results, taken together with previous findings with the free-operant psychophysical procedure, suggest that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors mediate similar effects on temporal differentiation. The final chapter (Chapter 8) summarizes the findings from the project, and discusses their implications for the putative role of 5-HT in interval timing and for current theoretical accounts of timing. It is argued that current models of timing behaviour that assume the existence of a unitary 'pacemaker-driven' internal clock may have difficulty accommodating the finding that the same drug can have qualitatively different effects on temporal discrimination and temporal differentiation. Some possible directions for future research in this area are also discussed.