Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cassio Rogerio Celestino dos Santos.pdf: 4125984 bytes, checksum: 16e5566abd36ef2005ead10e8d6fd997 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / In the process of evaluating companies, the definition of the fair value of an organization tends to represent in a balanced manner the economic potential of a given company, however, the assessment of companies is not an exact science, in search of true and unique values, since this procedure is surrounded by a series of subjective decision. Companies with high values of intangible assets and massive use of information technology, both at the operational level as in strategic, must somehow have the IT value represented in its valuation. In this context, this study aims to identify if the IT value is properly taken into account by investment professionals through the process of evaluating the companies that make intensive use of information. For this purpose, the influence of IT value is verified and its measurement model (through financial or non-financial indicators) in the evaluation process of these companies. Similarly, they examine the information provided by these companies to the market, whether they are sufficient for proper assessment procedure. The sample consists of 108 analysts and investment professionals active, in some way, in the process of business valuation. They answered 28 questions, and the statistical tool used for analysis and processing of data is the multiple linear regression. The results suggest that only the value of IT, identified by the variable "better relationship with customers," "development of new business plans" and "accuracy of information", have significant influence on the evaluation process of the companies that make intensive use of information. The survey also reveals that investment professionals consider the information provided by companies to the market insufficient for a proper assessment of the value of IT. The findings of this study help to confirm the relevance of the IT value in appreciation of these companies and to highlight the lack of appropriate information for a correct judgment of the IT value. Still, they collaborate with the presentation of a guidance map, which shows the main elements of the IT value considered in the process of business valuation, and finally, make suggestions of investment professionals regarding the disclosure of such information / No processo de avaliação de empresas, a definição do valor justo de uma organização tende a representar, de modo equilibrado, a potencialidade econômica de determinada companhia, entretanto, a avaliação de empresas não é uma ciência exata, em busca de valores verdadeiros e únicos, pois esse procedimento está cercado de uma série de decisões subjetivas. As empresas com elevados valores de ativos intangíveis e com uso massivo de tecnologia da informação, tanto no nível operacional como no estratégico, devem, de algum modo, ter o valor de TI representado na sua valoração. Nesse contexto, esse estudo tem por objetivo identificar se o valor de TI é devidamente levado em consideração pelos profissionais de investimento durante o processo de avaliação das empresas que fazem uso intensivo de informação. Para tanto, verifica-se a influência do valor de TI e do seu modelo de mensuração (através de indicadores financeiros ou não financeiros) no processo de avaliação dessas empresas. Do mesmo modo, são examinadas as informações disponibilizadas por essas empresas ao mercado, se são suficientes para um procedimento adequado de análise. A amostra utilizada é composta por 108 analistas e profissionais de investimento atuantes, de alguma forma, no processo de avaliação de empresas. Eles responderam 28 questões, sendo que a ferramenta estatística utilizada para verificação e tratamento dos dados é a regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que apenas o valor de TI, identificado através das variáveis relações melhores com clientes , desenvolvimento de novos planos de negócio e acuracidade das informações , influencia significativamente no processo de avaliação das empresas que fazem uso intensivo de informação. A pesquisa também revela que os profissionais de investimentos consideram as informações disponibilizadas pelas empresas ao mercado insuficientes para uma adequada avaliação do valor de TI. Os achados desse estudo contribuem para confirmar a relevância do valor de TI na apreciação dessas empresas e para evidenciar a falta de informações adequadas para um correto julgamento do valor de TI. Ainda colaboram com a apresentação de um mapa de orientação, o qual demonstra os principais elementos do valor de TI considerados no processo de avaliação de empresas, e, por fim, apresentam sugestões dos profissionais de investimentos a respeito da divulgação dessas informações

If customers respond differently to a campaign, it is worthwhile to find those customers who respond most positively and direct the campaign towards them. This can be done by using so called incremental response analysis where respondents from a campaign are compared with respondents from a control group. Customers with the highest increased response from the campaign will be selected and thus may increase the company’s return. Incremental response analysis is applied to the mobile operator Tres historical data. The thesis intends to investigate which method that best explain the incremental response, namely to find those customers who give the highest incremental response of Tres customers, and what characteristics that are important.The analysis is based on various classification methods such as logistic regression, Lassoregression and decision trees. RMSE which is the root mean square error of the deviation between observed and predicted incremental response, is used to measure the incremental response prediction error. The classification methods are evaluated by Hosmer-Lemeshow test and AUC (Area Under the Curve). Bayesian logistic regression is also used to examine the uncertainty in the parameter estimates.The Lasso regression performs best compared to the decision tree, the ordinary logistic regression and the Bayesian logistic regression seen to the predicted incremental response. Variables that significantly affect the incremental response according to Lasso regression are age and how long the customer had their subscription.

Marknadsföring genomgår en kontinuerlig utvecklingsfas i samma takt som samhället rör sig framåt. Det uppkommer därför ständigt nya former av reklam att analysera och förstå. Native advertising är ett reklamformat som de flesta medier idag använder sig av och podcasts är ett av medierna som anammat detta. Native advertising syftar till att låna trovärdighet från det redaktionella innehållet och kallas även för redaktionellt förklädd reklam. Syftet med den här studien är att få djupare förståelse för hur lyssnare till podcast upplever sig påverkas av native advertising som reklamformat. Mycket studier har utförts huruvida konsumenter förhåller sig samt upplever redaktionellt förklädd reklam vid skriftliga media. Däremot är det mindre utforskat hur lyssnare till podcasts upplever detta. Studien undersöker konsumenters upplevda påverkan från reklam i podcast av formen “native advertising”, med Fredagspodden som empiriskt exempel då de var den första svenska podcasten att presentera sin reklam av detta format. För att få djupare förståelse i ämnet har en kvalitativ ansats valts där 10st semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Respondenternas svar analyserades sedan med hjälp av teorierna “Psykologisk reaktans” samt reklam som påverkan och informationsmedel. Av resultatet framgick det att placeringen av reklam kunde upplevas manipulerande när den förekom i mitten av podcastprogrammet, då det inte alltid tydligt framgick att det var ett sponsrat innehåll. Det upptäcktes även att lyssnarna dels upplevde den redaktionella reklamen som underhållande och informativ, men samtidigt förlöjligad vilket sänkte dess trovärdighet. Välriktad och anpassad reklam som blir relevant för lyssnarna, visade sig vara vital för en positiv upplevelse. Därmed kunde de båda valda teorierna användas för att förklara problematiken. / Marketing is undergoing a continuous developing phase, in the same phase as the society is moving forward. Hence, there will always be new marketing formats to analyze and understand. Native advertising is a way of advertising that most media today use and podcasts are one of the media channels that has embraced this. Native advertising aims to lend credibility from editorial content and is also known as editorially disguised advertising.The purpose of this study is to attain a deeper understanding of how listeners to podcasts perceive that they are being influenced by native advertising as an advertising format. A lot of studies have been conducted of how consumers relate and experiencing native advertising in written medias such as newspapers. However, how listeners to podcasts experience this is significantly less explored. This study investigates consumers' perceptions of native advertising in podcast, with “Fredagspodden” as an empirical example as it was the first Swedish podcast to present their advertising in this format. To create a deeper understanding of the matter, a qualitative approach has been chosen, where 10 semi structured interviews have been conducted. The respondents' answers were then analyzed using the theory "Psychological Reactance" as well as advertising as influence and information tool. By the results of the study, it was found that the placement of advertising could be experienced as manipulative when it occurred in the middle of the podcast program, as it was not always clear that it was sponsored content. It was also discovered that the listeners partly perceived the editorial advertisement as entertaining and informative, but at the same time ridiculed which lowered its credibility. Well-targeted and customized advertising that becomes relevant to the listeners, proved vital for a positive response. Thus, the two chosen theories could be used to explain the problematization of the matter.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how a financial literacy interface model could contribute towards the comprehensibility of financial information to decision makers in organisations. The way individuals and institutions use the concept of financial literacy suggests that different people attach different meanings to this construct. In order to establish a conceptual model for financial literacy, this study endeavours to formulate what financial literacy entails as well as decision makers’ expectations of financial information. The increase in the volume and complexity of financial information often outstrips the abilities of users to understand and interpret it for decision-making purposes. A financial literacy interface provides an opportunity window for decision makers in organisations to break through their fears and concerns in using financial figures and language. Users of financial information differ vastly with regard to their level of financial capability and sophistication, and preparers of financial information should take cognisance of the fact. The study revealed that financial literacy is a complex phenomenon and that the term encompasses more than the individual terms “financial” and “literacy”. It further endeavoured to develop a financial literacy interface model as a coordinating interface between financial information and decision makers. / Thesis (DCom)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Financial Management / unrestricted

7. SUMMARY This diploma thesis The information value and acceptability of forecasting is divided into a theoretical and a practical part. In the theoretical part the forecasting is described as a product of television newscast. I deal with the fact of forecasting entering the media communication. I deal with the information value that forecasts bring and show the way a piece of information is transferred from a producer to an addressee relating to the process of coding and decoding. I describe the acceptability of forecasts and its elements influencing comprehension. In relation to acceptability, textual linguistics is discussed in a separated subchapter. The last theoretical part deals with semiotics and semantics. These disciplines deal mainly with meaning and sings and that is the reason why they are not important only in the theoretical part but also in an analyzing part of this thesis. The analyzing part is based on semiotic survey analysis dealing with individual components of forecasts (visual, audio and audio-visual). The aim of this thesis is to find out which of components of forecasting brings the highest information value to respondents and which is best comprehensible for addressees. The survey results demonstrate that it is the audio forecasting that has a high information value and brings...

Dados governamentais abertos é resultado, de uma série de novas exigências da sociedade para com seus governos. Entre estas exigências pode-se citar a busca por uma maior transparência e participação na gestão dos recursos públicos, maior controle sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados, além de uma maior responsabilização por parte de seus gestores sobre a utilização destes recursos. Os governos para tentar atender a estas exigências fazem uso dos recursos da tecnologia de informação e comunicação, assim surge à possibilidade da disponibilização de dados em formato aberto, que tem como premissas básicas a transparência, colaboração e inovação. O tema dados governamentais abertos assume grande importância, pois aproximadamente uma centena de países desenvolve iniciativas neste sentido. De forma paralela a este fato, gestores públicos enfrentam desafios na implementação de projetos de dados governamentais abertos, pois este requer múltiplas interações entre governos e sociedade e ainda não existe um entendimento disponível em guias, ferramentas ou teorias para lidar com a abertura de dados no setor público.Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal propor um modelo genérico de produção e utilização de informações sob a ótica conceitual da cadeia de valor; o modelo visa atender as necessidades do ecossistema brasileiro de dados governamentais abertos. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas com membros de governos e da sociedade. Os resultados apontam que possíveis vantagens são visualizadas por membros de governos e da sociedade pela atuação em dados governamentais abertos. Os resultados confirmam a existência e necessidade da formação de redes entre governos e sociedades, bem como a importância de diversos atores da sociedade que atuam neste ecossistema, como fatores facilitadores ou motivadores para a realização de diversas atividades. Existem diversas barreiras ou fatores inibidores, em especial com questões relacionadas a legislação e qualidade da informação disponibilizada. O modelo proposto aponta atores e respectivas atividades, bem como quais fatores podem prover sustentabilidade ao desempenho das mesmas e indica como determinada atividade impacta as demais. De forma coerente as premissas da cadeia de valor, o modelo proposto contém atividades primárias e secundárias. / Open Government Data is the result of new demands from society towards their governments. Among these demands can cite search for greater transparency and participation in the management of public resources, greater control over the quality of services, and greater accountability on the part of its managers on the use of these resources.Governments to try to meet these demands make use resources of information technology and communications and the possibility arises of providing data in open format. Open Government Datahas the basic premises transparency, collaboration and innovation. The theme is of great importance because approximately one hundred countries are developing initiatives in this sense.Parallel to this fact, public managers has challenges in implementing initiatives of Open Government Data. This requires several interactions between governments and society and there is still no understanding available in guides, toolsor theories to deal with the opening of data in the public sector.This work aimed to propose a generic model of production and use of information in the conceptual view of the value chain. The model aims to meet the needs of the Brazilian ecosystem Open Government Data collection was conducted from interviews with government members and society.The results indicate that members from government and society realize benefits by acting in Open Government Data.The results confirm the existence and or need for networking among governments and societies.Actors from society that act as factors that facilitate or motivate for performing various activities by others actors.There are several barriers, specially with legal factors and information quality.The model indicates actors and their activities, and what factors can provide sustainability to the same performance and indicates how a particular activity impacts the others. Consistently the assumptions of the value chain, the model contains primary and secondary activities.

Today Scania give a high priority to the continuous improvements on the quality of their vehicles. To follow up the flaws in product quality, which are recognized by the repairs at the local workshops, material requests are carried through to be able to analyze the defects at the plant in Södertälje – in purpose to improve the product quality. The material requests are also carried through to compensate the workshop for their expenses and to check that they are working according to the company’s warranty manual. Due to local routines and different distribution structures at the different markets the lead times and the costs caused by the flow of material are hard to estimate. Furthermore the lead times are in many cases unjustified long, which imply that the information about quality problems reaches Scania at a late stage. The variations in lead times moreover results in problems with planning the activities. This study has, in the light of the background described above, aimed to map and analyze the lead times and costs which are caused by the flow of warranty material, from the company’s workshops to the plant in Södertälje. Based on the results of the analysis a range of alternative solutions also have been prepared in purpose to reduce the lead times in a cost efficient way. The mapping, which took place on the Swedish, German and Benelux markets, has mainly been carried out through visits at the workshops and the distributors at respective markets. Apart from the qualitative aspects in collected data the performance of the studied markets, in the form of costs and lead times, has been compiled and calculated. The observed characteristics were later on analyzed together with relevant logistics management theory to point out strengths and weaknesses with different solutions. Based on the mapping and the analysis the second part of the study could be completed, which aimed to formulate a range of recommendations. The recommendations, which are presented below, are principally formulated in correspondence with the priorities of Scania – namely to achieve high product quality and rapid information. <ol type="1">Improved and more concrete management at factory level. This can be achieved through clarified targets which include explicit measurements and directives towards all actors. Reduce the waiting time between activities. This can be achieved by a combination of incentives and demands on the distributors as well as on the workshops. Change the transport strategies. On the Benelux market the transport solutions are well designed and are therefore both cost effective and quite fast, which implies short lead times. On the Swedish market a consolidation of goods is proposed to decrease the delivery rate in Södertälje to just once a week. On the German market merged deliveries are proposed, the same transport that delivers spare parts to the workshop will through this recommendation also pick up the warranty material. The warranty material will in this solution also be merged in a collection point and thereafter be transported to the distributor once a week. Change the transport frequencies. The different markets will send in material on predefined days once a week, which will contribute to keep the lead times short and the quantities at a more manageable level. Even out the inflow of material to Södertälje and avoid handling in Building 220X, to reduce the problems with stress, mishandling and lack of recourses which occur because of the uneven inflow at the receiving area today. Clear information should in according to this be given to each market concerning for instance shipping date and quantities. Improve the integration of the information systems, to facilitate the spreading of information and administrative activities related to claims and material requests. This also implies that forecasting and management is facilitated.   Through the recommendations the lead time for the Swedish market is estimated to be reduced from 21 to 13 days, for the German market from 60 to 21 days and from 39 to 21 days for the Benelux-market. Apart from reduced lead times the more straight demands, incentives and improved routines will imply that the variations in lead times are reduced. Due to the changes according to the recommendations the costs will be reduced, both through the reduced lead times, which affect the capital costs, as well as more efficient structures that reduce the handling costs and the costs of transportation. / Scania lägger idag ner stor energi på att ständigt utveckla kvaliteten på de tillverkade fordonen. I avsikt att följa upp de kvalitetsbrister som uppdagas vid reparationer ute på företagets service­verkstäder genomförs materialhemtagningar för att centralt kunna analysera defekterna och utveckla kvaliteten, men också för att ersätta verkstädernas utlägg och kontrollera att de följer garantimanualens föreskrifter. Beroende på lokala rutiner och varierande upplägg av respektive marknads distributionsstruktur är de ledtider och kostnader som dessa materialflöden idag medför svåra att uppskatta. Ledtiderna är dessutom i många fall omotiverat långa vilket medför att informationen om kvalitetsbrister ankommer Scania sent. Dessutom medför variationerna i ledtiden att det blir svårt att planera verksamheten. Denna studie har utifrån ovanstående bakgrund avsett att kartlägga och analysera de ledtider och kostnader som uppstår i materialflödet av returmaterial, från Scanias serviceverkstäder via distributören till fabriken i Södertälje. Utifrån analysresultaten har alternativa lösningar utarbetats för att på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt reducera ledtiderna. Kartläggningen som skedde på marknaderna i Sverige, Tyskland och Benelux har huvudsakligen genomförts via besök hos distributörer och serviceverkstäder på respektive marknad och har sammanställts i ett empiriunderlag. Förutom de mer kvalitativa aspekterna i detta underlag har respektive marknads prestanda, i form av kostnader och ledtider, sammanställts och beräknats. De observerade egenskaperna på de studerade marknaderna kunde tillsammans med relevant teori analyseras för att påvisa styrkor och svagheter med olika upplägg och lösningar. Utifrån kartläggning och analys kunde studiens andra del fullbordas, vilken avsåg att ta fram rekommendationer för åtgärder som medförde ett kostnadseffektivare upplägg och samtidigt reducerade ledtider. Rekommendationerna som nedan presenteras har utgått från de prioriteringar som gjordes i analysen, vilka huvudsakligen utgår från Scanias strävan efter hög produktkvalitet och snabb information, vilket indirekt implicerar korta ledtider. <ol type="1">Förbättrad styrning/mätning från fabrik, genom formulering av tydliga målsättningar från fabrik centralt, vilket omfattar definiering av explicita mätpunkter och kommunikation av tydliga krav och incitament gentemot övriga aktörer. Minska väntetiden mellan aktiviteterna, genom att införa krav och/eller incitament, enligt resonemanget ovan, gentemot serviceverkstäder och distributörer. Detta ökar prioriteten samtidigt som utformandet av bättre rutiner stimuleras. Förändra flödesvägar och transportstrategier. För Benelux-marknaden bedöms de befintliga transportstrategierna fungera bra då de är både kostnadseffektiva och samtidigt medför korta ledtider. På den svenska marknaden kan efter analys konstateras att dagens lösning är ett fullgott alternativ, men för att undvika de ojämna inleveranserna rekommenderas att en konsolidering av godset genomförs för vidare inleverans en gång per vecka. För den tyska marknaden föreslås samleveranser, så kallade mjölkrundor, i samband med reservdelsleveranserna som levererar godset till ett antal uppsamlingsplatser. Från uppsamlingsplatserna bör godset skickas till distributören som efter besiktning levererar godset vidare till Södertälje. Förändra transportfrekvenserna, in till fabrik till en gång per vecka för samtliga marknader för att samla ihop hanterbara mängder från marknaden och samtidigt hålla ledtiden nere. Jämna ut inflödet till Södertälje och undvik hantering i byggnad 220X, för att minska problemen med stress, felhantering och resursbrist som uppstår i och med dagens ojämna flöde vid ankomstmottagningen i byggnad 280. Tydliga besked bör här ges till respektive marknad om exempelvis vilka avskeppningsdatum och vilken information som efterfrågas. Förbättra systemstödet, för att underlätta informationsspridning och administrativa aktiviteter relaterade till reklamationer och materialhemtagningar, vilket också innebär att endast önskat material tas hem och prognostisering och styrning underlättas.   Genom de föreslagna åtgärderna har ledtiderna för Sverige beräknats minska från 21 till 13 dagar, för Tyskland från 60 till 21 dagar och för Benelux från 39 till 21 dagar. Förutom kortare ledtider innebär tydligare krav och incitament tillsammans med förbättrade rutiner att variationerna i ledtiderna minskar. Baserat på de utarbetade rekommendationerna minskar också kostnaderna både genom minskade ledtider, vilket påverkar lagerföringskostnaderna, och genom effektivare upplägg som minskar lagerhållningskostnaderna och transportkostnaderna.

<p>Today Scania give a high priority to the continuous improvements on the quality of their vehicles. To follow up the flaws in product quality, which are recognized by the repairs at the local workshops, material requests are carried through to be able to analyze the defects at the plant in Södertälje – in purpose to improve the product quality. The material requests are also carried through to compensate the workshop for their expenses and to check that they are working according to the company’s warranty manual.</p><p>Due to local routines and different distribution structures at the different markets the lead times and the costs caused by the flow of material are hard to estimate. Furthermore the lead times are in many cases unjustified long, which imply that the information about quality problems reaches Scania at a late stage. The variations in lead times moreover results in problems with planning the activities.</p><p>This study has, in the light of the background described above, aimed to map and analyze the lead times and costs which are caused by the flow of warranty material, from the company’s workshops to the plant in Södertälje. Based on the results of the analysis a range of alternative solutions also have been prepared in purpose to reduce the lead times in a cost efficient way.</p><p>The mapping, which took place on the Swedish, German and Benelux markets, has mainly been carried out through visits at the workshops and the distributors at respective markets. Apart from the qualitative aspects in collected data the performance of the studied markets, in the form of costs and lead times, has been compiled and calculated. The observed characteristics were later on analyzed together with relevant logistics management theory to point out strengths and weaknesses with different solutions.</p><p>Based on the mapping and the analysis the second part of the study could be completed, which aimed to formulate a range of recommendations. The recommendations, which are presented below, are principally formulated in correspondence with the priorities of Scania – namely to achieve high product quality and rapid information.</p><ol type="1"><li><strong>Improved and more concrete management at factory level.</strong> This can be achieved<strong> </strong>through clarified targets which include explicit measurements and directives towards all actors.</li><li><strong>Reduce the waiting time between activities. </strong>This can be achieved by a combination of incentives and demands on the distributors as well as on the workshops. <strong></strong></li><li><strong>Change the transport strategies. </strong>On the Benelux market the transport solutions are well designed and are therefore both cost effective and quite fast, which implies short lead times. On the Swedish market a consolidation of goods is proposed to decrease the delivery rate in Södertälje to just once a week. On the German market merged deliveries are proposed, the same transport that delivers spare parts to the workshop will through this recommendation also pick up the warranty material. The warranty material will in this solution also be merged in a collection point and thereafter be transported to the distributor once a week.<strong></strong></li><li><strong>Change the transport frequencies. </strong>The different markets will send in material on predefined days once a week, which will contribute to keep the lead times short and the quantities at a more manageable level.<strong></strong></li><li><strong>Even out the inflow of material to Södertälje and avoid handling in Building 220X,</strong> to reduce the problems with stress, mishandling and lack of recourses which occur because of the uneven inflow at the receiving area today. Clear information should in according to this be given to each market concerning for instance shipping date and quantities.<strong></strong></li><li><strong>Improve the integration of the information systems,</strong> to facilitate the spreading of information and administrative activities related to claims and material requests. This also implies that forecasting and management is facilitated.<strong></strong></li></ol><p> </p><p>Through the recommendations the lead time for the Swedish market is estimated to be reduced from 21 to 13 days, for the German market from 60 to 21 days and from 39 to 21 days for the Benelux-market. Apart from reduced lead times the more straight demands, incentives and improved routines will imply that the variations in lead times are reduced.</p><p>Due to the changes according to the recommendations the costs will be reduced, both through the reduced lead times, which affect the capital costs, as well as more efficient structures that reduce the handling costs and the costs of transportation.</p> / <p>Scania lägger idag ner stor energi på att ständigt utveckla kvaliteten på de tillverkade fordonen. I avsikt att följa upp de kvalitetsbrister som uppdagas vid reparationer ute på företagets service­verkstäder genomförs materialhemtagningar för att centralt kunna analysera defekterna och utveckla kvaliteten, men också för att ersätta verkstädernas utlägg och kontrollera att de följer garantimanualens föreskrifter.</p><p>Beroende på lokala rutiner och varierande upplägg av respektive marknads distributionsstruktur är de ledtider och kostnader som dessa materialflöden idag medför svåra att uppskatta. Ledtiderna är dessutom i många fall omotiverat långa vilket medför att informationen om kvalitetsbrister ankommer Scania sent. Dessutom medför variationerna i ledtiden att det blir svårt att planera verksamheten.</p><p>Denna studie har utifrån ovanstående bakgrund avsett att kartlägga och analysera de ledtider och kostnader som uppstår i materialflödet av returmaterial, från Scanias serviceverkstäder via distributören till fabriken i Södertälje. Utifrån analysresultaten har alternativa lösningar utarbetats för att på ett kostnadseffektivt sätt reducera ledtiderna.</p><p>Kartläggningen som skedde på marknaderna i Sverige, Tyskland och Benelux har huvudsakligen genomförts via besök hos distributörer och serviceverkstäder på respektive marknad och har sammanställts i ett empiriunderlag. Förutom de mer kvalitativa aspekterna i detta underlag har respektive marknads prestanda, i form av kostnader och ledtider, sammanställts och beräknats. De observerade egenskaperna på de studerade marknaderna kunde tillsammans med relevant teori analyseras för att påvisa styrkor och svagheter med olika upplägg och lösningar.</p><p>Utifrån kartläggning och analys kunde studiens andra del fullbordas, vilken avsåg att ta fram rekommendationer för åtgärder som medförde ett kostnadseffektivare upplägg och samtidigt reducerade ledtider. Rekommendationerna som nedan presenteras har utgått från de prioriteringar som gjordes i analysen, vilka huvudsakligen utgår från Scanias strävan efter hög produktkvalitet och snabb information, vilket indirekt implicerar korta ledtider.</p><ol type="1"><li><strong>Förbättrad styrning/mätning från fabrik</strong>, genom formulering av tydliga målsättningar från fabrik centralt, vilket omfattar definiering av explicita mätpunkter och kommunikation av tydliga krav och incitament gentemot övriga aktörer. </li><li><strong>Minska väntetiden mellan aktiviteterna</strong>, genom att införa krav och/eller incitament, enligt resonemanget ovan, gentemot serviceverkstäder och distributörer. Detta ökar prioriteten samtidigt som utformandet av bättre rutiner stimuleras.</li><li><strong>Förändra flödesvägar och transportstrategier.<em> </em></strong>För Benelux-marknaden bedöms de befintliga transportstrategierna fungera bra då de är både kostnadseffektiva och samtidigt medför korta ledtider. På den svenska marknaden kan efter analys konstateras att dagens lösning är ett fullgott alternativ, men för att undvika de ojämna inleveranserna rekommenderas att en konsolidering av godset genomförs för vidare inleverans en gång per vecka. För den tyska marknaden föreslås samleveranser, så kallade mjölkrundor, i samband med reservdelsleveranserna som levererar godset till ett antal uppsamlingsplatser. Från uppsamlingsplatserna bör godset skickas till distributören som efter besiktning levererar godset vidare till Södertälje.</li><li><strong>Förändra transportfrekvenserna,</strong><em> </em>in till fabrik till en gång per vecka för samtliga marknader för att samla ihop hanterbara mängder från marknaden och samtidigt hålla ledtiden nere. </li><li><strong>Jämna ut inflödet till Södertälje och undvik hantering i byggnad 220X,</strong><em> </em>för att minska problemen med stress, felhantering och resursbrist som uppstår i och med dagens ojämna flöde vid ankomstmottagningen i byggnad 280. Tydliga besked bör här ges till respektive marknad om exempelvis vilka avskeppningsdatum och vilken information som efterfrågas. </li><li><strong>Förbättra systemstödet,</strong> för att underlätta informationsspridning och administrativa aktiviteter relaterade till reklamationer och materialhemtagningar, vilket också innebär att endast önskat material tas hem och prognostisering och styrning underlättas. </li></ol><p> </p><p>Genom de föreslagna åtgärderna har ledtiderna för Sverige beräknats minska från 21 till 13 dagar, för Tyskland från 60 till 21 dagar och för Benelux från 39 till 21 dagar. Förutom kortare ledtider innebär tydligare krav och incitament tillsammans med förbättrade rutiner att variationerna i ledtiderna minskar.</p><p>Baserat på de utarbetade rekommendationerna minskar också kostnaderna både genom minskade ledtider, vilket påverkar lagerföringskostnaderna, och genom effektivare upplägg som minskar lagerhållningskostnaderna och transportkostnaderna.</p>

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-02-21T13:57:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1455371 bytes, checksum: a042573ddfcde7b2f104d8e407f11241 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T13:57:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 1455371 bytes, checksum: a042573ddfcde7b2f104d8e407f11241 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research analyzes information as a regulatory element of the legal institutes of intellectual property (IP), presenting a view on the legal protection of IP in the national and international levels. Performs considerations about the weaknesses of the institutes that regulate IP taking in account its non-flexible character. These institutes are present in different areas of juridical sciences, and do not fully include the diversity of the human intellect creations that arise in the modern world scenario, like the intellectual property associated with the Digital Information and Communication Technologies. Verifies the way in which information enters the legal world as a means to regulate Intellectual Property. For this, the research tries to identify access barriers to the applicability of the institutes, and builds a concept of informational goods, in which information is presented containing characteristics that may concern identified or that bring flexibility gaps, including that can reach goods that the current law does not govern. The applied research methodology is qualitative, documentary and bibliographic, using hermeneutics instrumentation as required for analyzing the institutes. Finally, trying to indicate a path to normative feedback of institutes of PI, recognizes information as economic value based on the intellectual work, codified knowledge that reflects the intellectual capital, constitute the informational assets that can be regulated by homogeneous individual rights. / Este estudo analisa a informação como elemento de regulação dos institutos jurídicos da Propriedade Intelectual (PI), apresentando uma visão sobre a proteção jurídica da PI no âmbito nacional e internacional. Realiza considerações sobrea deficiência dos institutos que regulam a PI, pelo seu caráter de rigidez, por estarem previstos em áreas distintas das ciências jurídicas e não contemplarem, em sua totalidade, a diversidade de criações do intelecto humano que surge no ambiente do mundo moderno, a exemplo dos bens intelectuais advindos das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação. Verifica o modo pelo qual a informação adentra no mundo jurídico como meio de regulação da Propriedade Intelectual. Para isso, a pesquisa busca identificar as barreiras de acesso à aplicabilidade dos institutos, além de procurar construir um conceito de bens informacionais, no qual a informação apresenta-se contendo características próprias que possam abranger as lacunas identificadas ou que traga flexibilidade, inclusive para que possa atingir bens que a legislação vigente ainda não rege. Com relação à metodologia, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, documental e bibliográfica, utilizando-se como instrumentalização a hermenêutica, pela necessidade de análise dos institutos. Ao final, buscando indicar um caminho para reorientação normativa dos institutos da PI, reconhece a informação como valor econômico, tendo como base o trabalho intelectual, gerador de conhecimento codificado, que reflete como resultado o capital intelectual, passando a constituir os bens informacionais que podem ser regidos por direitos individuais homogêneos.

Dados governamentais abertos é resultado, de uma série de novas exigências da sociedade para com seus governos. Entre estas exigências pode-se citar a busca por uma maior transparência e participação na gestão dos recursos públicos, maior controle sobre a qualidade dos serviços prestados, além de uma maior responsabilização por parte de seus gestores sobre a utilização destes recursos. Os governos para tentar atender a estas exigências fazem uso dos recursos da tecnologia de informação e comunicação, assim surge à possibilidade da disponibilização de dados em formato aberto, que tem como premissas básicas a transparência, colaboração e inovação. O tema dados governamentais abertos assume grande importância, pois aproximadamente uma centena de países desenvolve iniciativas neste sentido. De forma paralela a este fato, gestores públicos enfrentam desafios na implementação de projetos de dados governamentais abertos, pois este requer múltiplas interações entre governos e sociedade e ainda não existe um entendimento disponível em guias, ferramentas ou teorias para lidar com a abertura de dados no setor público.Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal propor um modelo genérico de produção e utilização de informações sob a ótica conceitual da cadeia de valor; o modelo visa atender as necessidades do ecossistema brasileiro de dados governamentais abertos. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas com membros de governos e da sociedade. Os resultados apontam que possíveis vantagens são visualizadas por membros de governos e da sociedade pela atuação em dados governamentais abertos. Os resultados confirmam a existência e necessidade da formação de redes entre governos e sociedades, bem como a importância de diversos atores da sociedade que atuam neste ecossistema, como fatores facilitadores ou motivadores para a realização de diversas atividades. Existem diversas barreiras ou fatores inibidores, em especial com questões relacionadas a legislação e qualidade da informação disponibilizada. O modelo proposto aponta atores e respectivas atividades, bem como quais fatores podem prover sustentabilidade ao desempenho das mesmas e indica como determinada atividade impacta as demais. De forma coerente as premissas da cadeia de valor, o modelo proposto contém atividades primárias e secundárias. / Open Government Data is the result of new demands from society towards their governments. Among these demands can cite search for greater transparency and participation in the management of public resources, greater control over the quality of services, and greater accountability on the part of its managers on the use of these resources.Governments to try to meet these demands make use resources of information technology and communications and the possibility arises of providing data in open format. Open Government Datahas the basic premises transparency, collaboration and innovation. The theme is of great importance because approximately one hundred countries are developing initiatives in this sense.Parallel to this fact, public managers has challenges in implementing initiatives of Open Government Data. This requires several interactions between governments and society and there is still no understanding available in guides, toolsor theories to deal with the opening of data in the public sector.This work aimed to propose a generic model of production and use of information in the conceptual view of the value chain. The model aims to meet the needs of the Brazilian ecosystem Open Government Data collection was conducted from interviews with government members and society.The results indicate that members from government and society realize benefits by acting in Open Government Data.The results confirm the existence and or need for networking among governments and societies.Actors from society that act as factors that facilitate or motivate for performing various activities by others actors.There are several barriers, specially with legal factors and information quality.The model indicates actors and their activities, and what factors can provide sustainability to the same performance and indicates how a particular activity impacts the others. Consistently the assumptions of the value chain, the model contains primary and secondary activities.