Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:56Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 beier_sl_dr_botfm.pdf: 734284 bytes, checksum: e0f92127c23e69cafc4ceab245c23376 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Os modernos sistemas de infusao alvo-controlada (TCI), usados para a inducao e manutencao da anestesia, permitem que a velocidade de infusao seja ajustada atraves da utilizacao de avancados softwares alimentados com parametros farmacocineticos, de modo a assegurar uma adequada profundidade da anestesia e uma rapida e eficiente recuperacao. O objetivo inicial deste estudo foi determinar a concentracao plasmatica calculada de propofol (Cpcalculada) determinada por meio de estimulacao eletrica (50V, 50 Hz e 10 ms). Na segunda fase, o objetivo foi investigar a performance do uso de um sistema de infusao alvo-controlada de propofol usado isoladamente ou associado ao remifentanil. Paralelamente foram avaliados as respostas hemodinamicas e o periodo de recuperacao. A Performance e determinada pela Mediana da Performance do erro (MDPE), e a Mediana Absoluta da Performance do erro (MDAPE), sendo considerada clinicamente aceitavel uma MDPE de ate 20% e a MDAPE de ate 40%. Seis caes adultos saudaveis (26,6} 3,6kg) foram alocados aleatoriamente em 2 grupos com um intervalo de uma semana entre os experimentos. GI = TCI de propofol e G II = TCI de propofol + remifentanil. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente atraves da analise de variancia seguida pelo teste gt-Studenth. Foi considerado como significante um p<0,05. Houve uma reducao na frequencia cardiaca e indice cardiaco em GII, enquanto a pressao venosa central e a pressao de oclusao da arteria pulmonar aumentaram significativamente em GII comparado a GI. Os resultados obtidos para o grupo propofol foram de MDPE = 16,3% e MDAPE = 32,1% e para o grupo propofol+remifentanil foram de MDPE = 6,8% e MDAPE = 36,5%. A Cp50calculada foi de 2,0Êg.ml-1 (GI) e de 0,9Êg.ml-1 (GII)... / The target-controlled infusion systems (TCI), designed to keep the drug concentration in the bloodstream constant, are controlled by state-of-art software based upon pharmacokinetic models. These models have been designed for each species to produce an adequate anesthetic depth and fast and efficient recover. The aim of this study was to establish the predicted plasmatic concentration (Cppredicted) based upon electric stimulus (50V, 50 Hz and 10 ms). In a second phase, the aim was to investigate the anesthetic performance of the TCI of propofol used alone and associated with remifentanil. Moreover, haemodynamic parameters and anesthesia recovery time were evaluated. The performance was established based on the Median Performance error (MDPE < 20%) and Absolute Median Performance error (MDAPE < 40%). Six clinically normal dogs (26.6 l 3.6 kg) were randomly divided in 2 groups with at least one week between experiments. G1 = TCI of propofol alone; G2 = TCI of propofol + remifentanil. The statistical analysis was based on Student's t-distribution test, with alpha set at 0.05. Heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI) were significantly decreased after propofol + remifentanil (G2) infusion administration until the end, while central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were significantly increased. The G1 group demonstrated MDPE of 16.3% and MDAPE of 32.1%, whereas the G2 group had MDPE of 6.8% and MDAPE of 36.5%. The average Cp50predict for G1 was 2,0ìg.ml-1 and for G2 was 0,9ìg.ml-1. The evaluation of these parameters and the control of the anesthetic depth suggested that the TCI stanpump could be considered clinically acceptable in dogs. The remifentanil enhances the propofol's CPpredict in an average of 56.7%; however, haemodynamic side effects were detected.

abstract: Most advanced economies have evolved into service economies with the majority of their activity and jobs being in the service sector. The manufacturing sector is also going through a similar shift towards services. Manufacturers are increasingly complementing their products with new services in order to satisfy a broader array of customer needs and increase the value of their offerings. This shift has offered significant opportunities to the sector and the success of major firms such as IBM, Caterpillar, and Rolls-Royce in competing through services has been remarkable. Despite the increased importance of services in the manufacturing sector, the academic literature is yet to investigate the many questions that arise under this new manufacturing paradigm. Perhaps for the same reason study of servitization is listed as a research priority in recent publications both in the field of service operations management and in the field services marketing. This dissertation covers three essays aimed at disentangling multiple aspects of the role of services in the manufacturing sector. The literature on the drivers and implications of transition towards services in manufacturing firms is limited. The three studies in this dissertation aim at shedding light on this issue. Specifically, the first essay looks at the innovation benefits of service transactions with customers. This paper demonstrate the value of services in getting manufacturers closer to customers and allowing them glean useful information from their service interactions. The second essay investigates the antecedents of service strategy adoption. We suggest that the extant diversification theory does not fully explain servitization and this phenomenon represents a unique type of diversification, which is likely driven by different factors. Through econometric analysis of financial data over a 27-year period, this study explores characteristics of product, firm resources, competition, and industry that encourage adoption of service strategies in manufacturing sector. Finally, the third essay takes a deeper dive and focuses on dealerships, as service centers, in the automobile industry. It investigates the role of dealerships in the success of automakers and explores dealership traits that are critical for market success of an automobile brand. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2018

Resumo: Os modernos sistemas de infusao alvo-controlada (TCI), usados para a inducao e manutencao da anestesia, permitem que a velocidade de infusao seja ajustada atraves da utilizacao de avancados softwares alimentados com parametros farmacocineticos, de modo a assegurar uma adequada profundidade da anestesia e uma rapida e eficiente recuperacao. O objetivo inicial deste estudo foi determinar a concentracao plasmatica calculada de propofol (Cpcalculada) determinada por meio de estimulacao eletrica (50V, 50 Hz e 10 ms). Na segunda fase, o objetivo foi investigar a performance do uso de um sistema de infusao alvo-controlada de propofol usado isoladamente ou associado ao remifentanil. Paralelamente foram avaliados as respostas hemodinamicas e o periodo de recuperacao. A Performance e determinada pela Mediana da Performance do erro (MDPE), e a Mediana Absoluta da Performance do erro (MDAPE), sendo considerada clinicamente aceitavel uma MDPE de ate 20% e a MDAPE de ate 40%. Seis caes adultos saudaveis (26,6} 3,6kg) foram alocados aleatoriamente em 2 grupos com um intervalo de uma semana entre os experimentos. GI = TCI de propofol e G II = TCI de propofol + remifentanil. Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente atraves da analise de variancia seguida pelo teste gt-Studenth. Foi considerado como significante um p<0,05. Houve uma reducao na frequencia cardiaca e indice cardiaco em GII, enquanto a pressao venosa central e a pressao de oclusao da arteria pulmonar aumentaram significativamente em GII comparado a GI. Os resultados obtidos para o grupo propofol foram de MDPE = 16,3% e MDAPE = 32,1% e para o grupo propofol+remifentanil foram de MDPE = 6,8% e MDAPE = 36,5%. A Cp50calculada foi de 2,0Êg.ml-1 (GI) e de 0,9Êg.ml-1 (GII)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The target-controlled infusion systems (TCI), designed to keep the drug concentration in the bloodstream constant, are controlled by state-of-art software based upon pharmacokinetic models. These models have been designed for each species to produce an adequate anesthetic depth and fast and efficient recover. The aim of this study was to establish the predicted plasmatic concentration (Cppredicted) based upon electric stimulus (50V, 50 Hz and 10 ms). In a second phase, the aim was to investigate the anesthetic performance of the TCI of propofol used alone and associated with remifentanil. Moreover, haemodynamic parameters and anesthesia recovery time were evaluated. The performance was established based on the Median Performance error (MDPE < 20%) and Absolute Median Performance error (MDAPE < 40%). Six clinically normal dogs (26.6 l 3.6 kg) were randomly divided in 2 groups with at least one week between experiments. G1 = TCI of propofol alone; G2 = TCI of propofol + remifentanil. The statistical analysis was based on Student's t-distribution test, with alpha set at 0.05. Heart rate (HR) and cardiac index (CI) were significantly decreased after propofol + remifentanil (G2) infusion administration until the end, while central venous pressure (CVP) and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) were significantly increased. The G1 group demonstrated MDPE of 16.3% and MDAPE of 32.1%, whereas the G2 group had MDPE of 6.8% and MDAPE of 36.5%. The average Cp50predict for G1 was 2,0ìg.ml-1 and for G2 was 0,9ìg.ml-1. The evaluation of these parameters and the control of the anesthetic depth suggested that the TCI stanpump could be considered clinically acceptable in dogs. The remifentanil enhances the propofol's CPpredict in an average of 56.7%; however, haemodynamic side effects were detected. / Orientador: Flavio Massone / Coorientador: Pedro Thadeu Galvão Vianna / Banca: Antonio José de Araújo Aguiar / Banca: Francisco José Teixeira Neto / Banca: Aury Nunes de Moraes / Banca: Silvia Renata Gaido Cortopassi / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-05-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000721479.pdf: 1511062 bytes, checksum: b30577204312e567fe62e47106cdefce (MD5) / Multimodal analgesia is being increasingly used in veterinary medicine and in that context, tramadol has demonstrated effectiveness in controlling moderate to severe pain. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of three rates of tramadol at continuous infusion for trans and post- operative analgesia of dogs undergoing orthopedic surgeries. Further possible changes in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, side effects as well as analgesia and plasma concentration of tramadol and M1 wee recorded. Thirty dogs were homogeneously distributed according to the surgical procedures and have been subjected to three groups: G1: 2.0 mg/kg/h; G2: 2.5 mg/kg/h; G3: 3 mg/kg/h. Pre-anaesthetic medication in all cases was given intramuscularly with acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) and tramadol (2.0 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes later, anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol (3mg/kg) associated with midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of serum cortisol and determining plasma concentrations of tramadol and M1. Postoperative analgesia was assessed through the scales University of Melbourne and interval level pain scale for assessment of acute pain in dogs Trans-operative analgesia was sufficient to most animals and the residual analgesia during post-operative period was short. Cardiovascular and respiratory stability were observed, with no adverse effects

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Dehydrated or hypovolemic patients need electrolyte and blood volume expanders replacement. Besides the care to make adequate volume, especially in critically ill patients, it is essential that the rate of replacement is faithful to the calculation designed. This study aimed to evaluate, in vitro, flow catheters of different diameters of four trade-mark available in market, more used for fluidtherapy in domestic animals at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM). There were used bottles of 500 and 1000 mL of 0.9% saline solution and macrodrops intravenous set from the same brand. With this research it was concluded that the average flow of catheters does not match the data released on the sales packaging thereof; even though the same number, the flow rate varies with the brand of the catheter. The use of the infusion pump in cases of shock only provides the flow necessary for dogs up to 11.1kg. / Pacientes desidratados ou hipovolêmicos requerem reposição hidroeletrolítica e de expansores da volemia. Além do cuidado para se efetuar adequado volume, especialmente em pacientes críticos, é fundamental que a velocidade de reposição seja fiel ao cálculo projetado, dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, in vitro, a vazão de cateteres de diferentes diâmetros de quatro marcas comerciais, mais utilizados na fluidoterapia dos animais domésticos no Hospital Veterinário Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), utilizando frascos de 500 e 1000mL de solução fisiológica 0,9% de uma mesma marca e equipo macrogotas. Com este trabalho conclui-se que a vazão média dos cateteres não corresponde aos dados divulgados na embalagem, nos diferentes diâmetros e diferentes marcas comerciais; a utilização da bomba de infusão em casos de choque só fornece a vazão necessária para cães até 11,1kg.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-11-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:51:11Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marqueti_ps_me_jabo.pdf: 824420 bytes, checksum: 0961ad61a6416f733c5a56c8c5183588 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Foram utilizados 20 suínos machos ou fêmeas, distribuídos aleatoriamente em dois grupos experimentais, grupo 1 (G1) e grupo 2 (G2). Empregouse como medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) azaperona 1,0 mg/kg e midazolam 0,2 mg/kg, administrados por via intramuscular, nos animais de ambos os grupos. Decorridos 15 minutos da aplicação da MPA, aos animais dos grupos 1 e 2, procedeuse a indução anestésica com propofol na dose de 4,0 mg/kg, via intravenosa, mantendo-se por infusão contínua, por via intravenosa, propofol na dose de 0,4 mg/kg/minuto, durante uma hora. Aos animais do G2, administrou-se um “bolus” de tramadol na dose de 4,0 mg/kg, por via intravenosa, logo após a indução anestésica com propofol. Avaliaram-se as freqüências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal, sedação, intubação orotraqueal, analgesia, pressões arteriais (sistólica, diastólica e média), saturação da oxihemoglobina, reflexos protetores, dosagem de cortisol e recuperação (tempo de extubação, tempo para decúbito esternal, tempo para posição quadrupedal), entre os grupos, dentro de cada momento. As freqüências cardíaca e respiratória e a dosagem de cortisol apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre os momentos. A temperatura retal apresentou efeito significativo (P<0,05) da interação entre grupo e momento. As pressões arteriais (sistólica, diastólica e média) apresentaram diferenças significativas (P<0,05) entre grupos e momentos. Os reflexos protetores (ocular, palpebral e anal), apresentaram diferenças significativas (P 0,05) entre os grupos, assim como o tempo de extubação, um dos parâmetros de recuperação. Sedação, intubação orotraqueal, analgesia, saturação de oxihemoglobina, tempo para decúbito esternal e tempo para posição quadrupedal não apresentaram diferenças significativas (P>0,05) entre os grupos e nem entre momentos. / Twenty swines were used, among males or females, both duly spreaded over randomly performed, in two experimental groups: group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2). The pre-anesthesic medication made up of an association of azaperone 1,0 mg/kg and midazolam 0,2 mg/kg, together IM, was common to both groups. After 15 minutes of the application of the pre-anesthesic medication, to the animals of the groups 1 and 2, the anesthesic induction with propofol was proceeded on the basis of 4,0 mg/kg, intravenous via, keeping a the a continuous intravenous infusion with the same drug, on the basis of 0,4 mg/kg/min, during the period of an hour. The G2 animals, it was administered a “bolus” of tramadol on the basis of 4,0 mg/kg, intravenous via, shortly after the anesthesic induction with propofol. It was assessed both cardiac and respiratory frequencies, rectal temperature, sedation, orotraqueal induction, analgesia, arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic and average), oxihemoglobine saturation, protective reflexes, cortisol dosage and recovery (extubation time, time for esternal decubitus and time for a four-footed standing), among the groups, within each moment. Both cardiac and respiratory frequencies besides the cortisol dosage showed significative differences (P<0,05) among the moments. The rectal temperature showed significative effect (P<0,05) in the interaction among groups and moments. The arterial pressures (systolic, diastolic and average) showed substantial differences (P<0,05) among groups and moments. The protective reflexes (ocular, eye-lids and rectal), showed substantial differences (P 0,05) among the groups, as well the time of extubation, one of the parameters of recovery. Sedation, orotraqueal intubation, analgesia, oxihemoglobine saturation, time for esternal decubitus and time for four-footed standing, did not present significative differences (P>0,05) among groups and nor among moments.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:28:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 doria_rgs_me_jabo.pdf: 844929 bytes, checksum: 66ab2b4d51e336752ba5ac561a267860 (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Avaliaram-se, 8 equinos, sob anestesia geral inalatoria com isofluorano (1CAM) e infusao continua de xilazina (0,35mg/kg/h) ou medetomidina (3,5£gg/kg/h), em relacao a frequencia cardiaca, ritmo cardiaco, frequencia respiratoria, pressao arterial, hemogasometria arterial, tonus muscular e temperatura, nos tempos T0 (imediatamente antes do inicio da infusao continua) e T10 ao T60 (intervalos de 10 minutos, apos inicio da infusao continua), alem da qualidade da tranquilizacao, inducao e recuperacao anestesica. Os dados parametricos foram submetidos a analise de variancia para repeticoes multiplas, seguido pelo teste de Student-Newman-Keuls e, entre os grupos, teste-t de Student. Para os dados nao parametricos utilizou-se teste de Friedman e entre os grupos, teste de Mann-Whitney (p-T0,05). Houve reducao da frequencia cardiaca e da temperatura e elevacao da pressao arterial media. A paCO2 (no GM) e a ctCO2 elevaram-se e a paO2 mostrou-se maior no GM que no GX. Os dois farmacos mostraram-se eficientes para tranquilizacao, mas o GM demonstrou melhor miorrelaxamento e qualidade de inducao anestesica que o GX. Da mesma forma, a recuperacao anestesica apresentada pelo GM foi de melhor qualidade, embora mais prolongada. Conclui-se que a infusao continua de doses equipotentes de xilazina e medetomidina, durante anestesia geral inalatoria, com isofluorano, em equinos, promove alteracoes cardiocirculatorias, respiratorias e hemogasometricas discretas e equivalentes. / Eight equines under inhalatory general anesthesia with isoflurane (1MAC) and continuous infusion of xylazine (0.35mg/kg/h) or medetomidine (3.5-Êg/kg/h) were evaluated for heart rate and rhythm, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure, arterial blood gas analysis, muscle relaxation and temperature immediately before the beginning of the continuous infusion (T0) and in intervals of 10 minutes after the beginning of the continuous infusion (T10 to T60) and also for tranquillization, induction and anesthetic recovery quality. The parametric data were evaluated by one way repeated measures ANOVA, followed by Student-Newman-Keuls and between groups Student t-test. Non-parametric data were evaluated by Friedman test and between groups Mann-Whitney test (p.0.05). Heart rate and temperature decreased and mean Heart rate and temperature decreased and mean aaarrrttteeerrriiiaaalll ppprrreeessssssuuurrreee increased. PaCO2 (in GM) and ctCO2 increased and GM showed a higher paO2 than GX. Both drugs were efficient in tranquilization but GM showed better muscle relaxation and induction quality than GX. In the same way, GM presented better anesthetic recovery even though it took more time. We conclude that equipotent doses of continuous infusion of medetomidine and xylazine during inhalatory general anesthesia with isoflurane in equines promote slight and equivalent cardiocirculatory, respiratory and arterial blood gases changes.

Submitted by Claudia Rocha (claudia.rocha@udesc.br) on 2018-03-08T15:09:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA166.pdf: 1249830 bytes, checksum: 6c48881202eb7cc621f8539478219d4e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-08T15:09:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCS17MA166.pdf: 1249830 bytes, checksum: 6c48881202eb7cc621f8539478219d4e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-13 / FUMDES / The yerba mate (Ilex paraguarienses St. Hil.) originates from the subtropical and temperate regions of South America, occurring naturally in Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. In these regions the consumption of the plant occurs in the form of hot infusion, which is very common. Some studies have been developed seeking to establish the main benefits and side effects of the consumption of this drink, which may be related to the presence of toxic elements, among them lead. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of lead accumulation (Pb) by yerba mate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Department of Soils and Natural Resources (CAV-UDESC) in the year of 2016. Seed-propagated seedlings were used and the soil used was a “Cambissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico”. The design was completely randomized with 5 replicates and the Pb doses were 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg kg-1. The dry and fresh weight of shoot and root, plant height, green leaf intensity values of the plants, denominated SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development), were evaluated. The concentration of lead in root, shoot and infusion was evaluated. The fresh mass weight of both shoot and root differed between the control and treatments with presence of the metal. SPAD index differed between the thirds of the plant. The yerba mate showed a capacity of Pb accumulation for both shoot and root. However, the Pb infusion levels were below of the limit of instrumental detection / A erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis St. Hil.) é originária das regiões subtropicais e temperadas da América do Sul, ocorrendo naturalmente na Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai. Nestas regiões o consumo da planta se da na forma de infusão a quente, que é muito comum. Alguns estudos têm sido desenvolvidos buscando estabelecer os principais benefícios e os efeitos colaterais do consumo desta bebida, que pode estar relacionado a presença de elementos tóxicos, dentre eles o chumbo. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a capacidade de acúmulo de chumbo (Pb) pela erva mate. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no departamento de Solos e Recursos Naturais (CAV-UDESC) no ano de 2016. Foram utilizadas mudas propagadas por sementes e o solo utilizado foi um Cambissolo Háplico Distrófico Típico. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com 5 repetições e as doses de Pb foram 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 mg kg-1. Foram avaliados peso seco e fresco da parte aérea e raiz, altura de planta, valores de intensidade do verde das folhas das plantas denominado como índice SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development). Foi avaliado também a concentração de chumbo na raiz, parte aérea e infusão. O peso de massa fresca tanto da parte aérea quanto da raiz diferiu entre a testemunha e os tratamentos com presença do metal. Índice SPAD diferiu entre os terços da planta. A erva-mate demonstrou capacidade de acúmulo de Pb tanto para parte aérea quanto na raiz. Entretanto, os teores de Pb em infusão ficaram abaixo do limite de detecção instrumental

Resumo:A analgesia multimodal é cada vez mais empregada em medicina veterinária e, o tramadol, um analgésico opioide de ação central, tem demonstrado efetividade no controle da dor moderada. Com este trabalho, objetivou-se verificar a eficácia analgésica transoperatória promovida pelo tramadol, quando administrado por infusão contínua, em cães submetidos a cirurgias ortopédicas; observar as possíveis alterações cardiorrespiratórias e efeitos adversos; avaliar as concentrações plasmáticas de tramadol e do metabólito M1 e verificar o período de analgesia pós-operatória residual. Para isso, foram selecionados 30 cães distribuídos equitativamente de acordo com os procedimentos cirúrgicos em um dos três grupos com diferentes taxas de infusão de tramadol: G1: 2,0 mg/kg/h; G2: 2,5 mg/kg/h; G3: 3 mg/kg/h. A medicação pré-anestésica foi composta por acepromazina (0,04 mg/kg) e tramadol (2 mg/kg) pela via intramuscular e após 15 minutos, realizou-se a indução com propofol (3 mg/kg) e midazolam (0,2 mg/kg) e a manutenção anestésica foi realizada com isofluorano. Realizou-se a dosagem de cortisol sérico e a concentração plasmática de tramadol e do metabólito O- desmetil tramadol (M1). A dor pós-operatória foi avaliada por meio da Escala de contagem variável de Dor da Universidade de Melbourne e a Escala intervalar de avaliação de dor. O tramadol promoveu estabilidade cardiovascular e respiratória com ausência de efeitos adversos e analgesia transoperatória satisfatória na maioria dos cães submetidos a diferentes tipos de procedimentos ortopédicos, entretanto não houve incremento em seu efeito analgésico de maneira dose- dependente, as concentrações de M1 foram inferiores aos descritos na literatura e o período de analgesia pós operatória residual foi considerado curto / Abstract:Multimodal analgesia is being increasingly used in veterinary medicine and in that context, tramadol has demonstrated effectiveness in controlling moderate to severe pain. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of three rates of tramadol at continuous infusion for trans and post- operative analgesia of dogs undergoing orthopedic surgeries. Further possible changes in cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, side effects as well as analgesia and plasma concentration of tramadol and M1 wee recorded. Thirty dogs were homogeneously distributed according to the surgical procedures and have been subjected to three groups: G1: 2.0 mg/kg/h; G2: 2.5 mg/kg/h; G3: 3 mg/kg/h. Pre-anaesthetic medication in all cases was given intramuscularly with acepromazine (0.04 mg/kg) and tramadol (2.0 mg/kg). Fifteen minutes later, anaesthesia was induced with intravenous propofol (3mg/kg) associated with midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane. Blood samples were obtained for assessment of serum cortisol and determining plasma concentrations of tramadol and M1. Postoperative analgesia was assessed through the scales University of Melbourne and interval level pain scale for assessment of acute pain in dogs Trans-operative analgesia was sufficient to most animals and the residual analgesia during post-operative period was short. Cardiovascular and respiratory stability were observed, with no adverse effects / Orientador:Valéria Nobre Leal de Souza Oliva / Banca:Paulo Sérgio Patto dos Santos / Banca:Juan Carlos Duque Moreno / Mestre

Orientador: Carlos Augusto Araújo Valadão / Banca: Helenice de Souza Spinosa / Banca: Anderson Farias / Banca: Stelio Pacca Loureiro Luna / Banca: Antonio de Queiroz Neto / Resumo: Com base na ação do amitraz (AMZ) e da romifidina (RMF) em receptores alfa-2 adrenérgicos e nas possíveis vantagens da associação destes fármacos com agentes inalatórios para uma anestesia geral segura, compararamse os efeitos clínicos, cardiocirculatórios e hemogasométricos da infusão contínua (IC) de AMZ ou de RMF associada ao isofluorano. Relacionaram-se os efeitos observados à concentração plasmática do amitraz (CPA) e investigaram-se possíveis efeitos farmacodinâmicos do diluente lipídico (DIL) utilizado na sua formulação. A medicação pré-anestésica (MPA) intravenosa (IV) para cada grupo foi: RMF - 60 μg/kg; AMZ - 0,2 mg/kg; DIL - 60 μg/kg de RMF. Induziu-se a anestesia com midazolam (0,1 mg/kg IV) e cetamina S(+) (0,2 mg/kg IV). A manutenção foi feita com 1,3 V% de isofluorano associado às ICs (RMF - 60 μg/kg.h; AMZ - 0,2 mg/kg.h; DIL - 0,1 mL/kg.h) por 60 minutos. Um minuto após a MPA a CPA média foi 396 ng/mL, aumentando durante a IC (de 93 ng/mL para 257 ng/mL) e diminuindo na recuperação, atingindo 47 ng/mL em 60 minutos. A RMF causou boa sedação e indução, com intubação fácil; manteve a FC estável e aumentou gradualmente a PAM, alterando pouco o CO2; resultou em recuperação ideal. O AMZ causou sedação leve e manteve planos anestésicos mais superficiais do que a RMF, com hipotensão durante a IC; a indução e a intubação foram de boa qualidade; o miorrelaxamento foi maior do que com RMF; a recuperação não teve boa qualidade. O DIL não causou sedação e resultou em recuperação de má qualidade, sendo inerte em relação aos efeitos do AMZ. Concluiu-se que há possibilidade do uso clínico do AMZ, ficando indicados estudos complementares. / Abstract: Based on the action of amitraz (AMZ) and romifidine (RMF) on alpha-2 adrenergic receptors and in the possible advantages of combining them with inhalation anesthetics for a safe general anesthesia, the clinical, cardiocirculatory and hemogasometric effects of the continuous infusion (CI) of AMZ or RMF in association with isoflurane anesthesia were compared. The observed effects were related to the AMZ plasmatic levels (APL). The existence of pharmacodynamic effects of the lipid vehicle (LV) used for AMZ formulation was also investigated. The intravenous (IV) pre-anesthetic medications (PAM) were: RMF - 60 μg/kg; AMZ - 0.2 mg/kg; LV - 60 μg/kg de RMF. Anesthesia was inducted with midazolam (0.1 mg/kg IV) and S-ketamine (0.2 mg/kg IV) and maintained with 1.3 V% isoflurane, in association with the CIs (RMF - 60 μg/kg.h; AMZ - 0.2 mg/kg.h; LV - 0.1 mL/kg.h) for 60 minutes. One minute after PAM, APL was 396 ng/mL. During the CI, APL increased from 93 to 257 ng/mL. On recovery, APL decreased to 47 ng/mL in 60 minutes. With RMF there were good sedation and induction and the intubation was easy; HR was stable and MAP increased, with little CO2 alterations; the recovery was ideal. AMZ had less sedative effect and reached superficial anesthesia compared to RMF, with hypotension during CI; there were good induction and easy intubation; miorelaxation was greater with AMZ than with RMF; recovery was not good. The LV did not induce sedative effects and resulted in a poor recovery; it did not influence AMZ effects. The clinical use of AMZ is possible, but further studies are indicated. / Doutor