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La figure de l'habitant sur la perspective de l'économie du territoire / The inhabitant based on territory economics perspective / A figura do habitante sob a perspectiva da economia do territórioSarate, João Alberto Rubim 10 December 2014 (has links)
Cette étude examine la relation entre les habitants et le territoire en trois territoires brésiliens, selon l'approche française de l'économie territoriale. On cherche à identifier les traits principaux de l'« habitant » dans ces territoires, comprendre comment l'habitant articule la vie familiale et le travail dans le territoire et analyser les effets de l'action de l'habitant sur le processus de développement territorial. En ayant pour base le cadre théorique, on a identifié six concepts clés qui contribuent ils pour l'analyse de l'habitant : territoire, proximité, ressources territoriales, mode d'habiter, réciprocité et quotidien. En utilisant cet ensemble théorique on a mis en place un « idéal-type » - théorique - d'habitant qui sert de paramètre pour l'analyse et l'interprétation des données. Comme nouveauté, la recherche propose le concept d'« engagement territorial » qui reflète le positionnement de l'habitant (niveau d'implication) face au territoire. L'engagement territorial peut être de type instrumental, normatif ou affectif. Ainsi, l'habitant est analysé en fonction de sa relation avec le territoire, entendu comme le mode d'habiter et non comme une catégorie prédéterminée, sociale, économique ou professionnelle. Il s'agit d'une étude qualitative exploratoire qui utilise l'étude de cas (plusieurs cas) comme stratégie de recherche, en ayant l'habitant comme unité d'analyse. La méthode d'analyse de contenu a été utilisée pour l'analyse des entretiens menés avec les acteurs locaux. Comme résultat, l'étude souligne la complexité des relations sociales, économiques, politiques et culturelles dans chaque territoire étudié et l'importance de comprendre les trajectoires sociale et historique de la vie locales pour faire la lecture et l'interprétation du territoire. L'étude renforce l'importance de l'habitant comme acteur social qui fait la (re)production de la réalité locale (les règles de jeu) dans son mode d'habiter (dans la vie familiale et le travail). On a identifié aussi la porosité du territoire par rapport à mobilité humaine sur le territoire (comme les touristes par exemple), en affectant la vie local. Finalement, on souligne le caractère éphémère (moment territoire) et la multiplicité du mode d'habiter (multiterritorialité), ce qui différencie l'habitant d'un espace et celui d'un autre selon la relation qu'il établit avec le territoire. / This study investigates the relationship between the inhabitant and the territory concepts in three Brazilian territories, according the French approach to the foundations of the territorial economy. We seek to identify the main features of the inhabitant in its respective territories, in order to understand how this “territorialized” social actor articulates work and home life in the territory, and to analyze the impacts of his/her actions in the local territorial development process. The inhabitant concept is based on a six elements theoretical framework from the literature review: territory, proximity, territorial resources, everyday life, reciprocity and mode of dwelling. Then, a categorization of an “ideal type” of inhabitant was constructed used as parameter for the data analysis and interpretations to identify the main features of the inhabitant in each context. As an innovative aspect, the research proposes the concept of “territorial engagement”, that reflects the type of relationship between the inhabitant and the territory, which can be instrumental, normative or affective. Therefore, the inhabitant is analyzed on the basis of their relationship with the territory, in other words, mode of dwelling, rather than a social, economic or professional predefined category. This is an exploratory qualitative research which uses the case study (multiple cases) as research strategy, and the inhabitant, as the unit of analysis. The content analysis technique was used for the analysis of the interviews with the local actors. The study points to the complexity of social, economic, political and cultural relationships in each territory and the importance of their socio-historical trajectory for understanding each one. The results show the importance of the inhabitant as a social actor who reinforces local life (game rules) in your mode of dwelling. We also realized the territories porosity face the changes due to human mobility (as the tourists presence, for example) impacting in the inhabitants life. Finally, it was possible identify the ephemeral feature (territory moment) and the multiplicity (multiterritoriality ) of the modes of dwelling, which differentiates the inhabitant of one place to another according the relationship established with the territory.
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A casa comunicativa e o habitante: o espaço doméstico e o uso dos meios de comunicação / The communicative house and the inhabitant: the domestic space and the use of mediaCordeiro, Artur Vasconcelos 22 April 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o espaço doméstico relacionado aos meios de comunicação e ao habitante contemporâneo. Inicialmente foi feito um breve histórico do rádio, televisão, telefone e computador destacando as influências no ambiente doméstico. Posteriormente foram investigadas características do habitante urbano considerando as novas formas de comunicação promovidas pelas redes digitais e o surgimento de novos grupos familiares. Por fim foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre a presença da televisão e computadores em apartamentos do município de São Paulo através de plantas de vendas veiculadas em anúncios publicitários de 1981 a 2010, averiguando os seus impactos e modos de atuação no espaço doméstico. Com base no que foi abordado são feitas interpretações sobre o habitar contemporâneo. Dessa forma, promove reflexões sobre a condição tecnológica da comunicação inserida no âmbito do espaço doméstico. / This work aims to investigate the domestic space related to media of communication and to the contemporary inhabitant. Initially is made a brief history of radio, television, telephone and computer highlighting the influences in the domestic environment. Then, characteristics of urban inhabitant were investigated considering the new forms of communication promoted by digital networks and the emergence of new family groups. Finally, it is carried a survey about the presence of television and computers in apartment\'s sales plan of São Paulo from 1981 to 2010, examining their impacts and influences in the domestic space. Based on what was discussed, it is developed interpretations of the contemporary dwelling. Thus, promotes reflection on the condition of communication technology embedded within the domestic space .
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L'habitant du monde selon Kant et Husserl / The Inhabitant of the World according to Kant and Husserl.Afeissa, Hicham-Stéphane 10 July 2012 (has links)
Le projet de cette thèse est d’examiner ce que nous avons appelé le problème du monde, en entendant par là le problème du mode d’apparition d’une totalité intotalisable qui ne se réduit pas à la somme de ce qui apparaît, et le problème du mode d’être de celui qui appartient au monde et qui est également celui pour lequel le monde comme totalité apparaît. Le problème a été examiné dans le cadre de deux philosophies privilégiées : la philosophie kantienne et la phénoménologie husserlienne. La thématique de l’homme comme habitant du monde apparaît au croisement de trois grandes entreprises kantiennes : l’élaboration d’une épistémologie de la géographie physique en tant qu’elle comporte nécessairement un examen des modalités de l’existence de l’homme sur Terre ; le projet d’une réfutation de l’idéalisme, qui conduit à définir l’homme par son appartenance au monde ; la constitution d’une anthropologie pragmatique qui, tout en unifiant les thématiques précédentes les élargit en les intégrant dans la perspective de la destination pratique de l’homme auquel incombe la tâche de réaliser les conditions de son existence mondaine d’agent moral. Chez Husserl, le mode d’apparition du monde comme totalité est expressément élucidé dans le cadre de la phénoménologie de la perception au moyen de la doctrine de l’intentionnalité horizontale, au terme d’un assez long parcours que nous nous efforçons de reconstituer. En revanche, le mode d’être de celui pour lequel le monde apparaît en tant que tel ne fait l’objet de sa part que d’analyses programmatiques, auxquelles nous proposons de donner un prolongement dans la perspective d’une philosophie de l’environnement. / The objective of this study is to inquire into what has been called the problem of the world, i.e. the problem of the mode of apparition of an intotalisable totality which cannot be reduced to the addition of what appears, and the problem of the mode of being of the subject who belongs to the world and to whom the world as totality appears. This problem has been examined with reference to two privileged philosophies : Kant’s philosophy and Husserl’s phenomenology. The theme of the inhabitant of the world appears at the meeting-point of three major Kantian undertakings, which are (1) the elaboration of an epistemology of geographical physics that necessarily contains an examination of the modalities of existence of man on Earth ; (2) the project of refuting idealism, which leads to defining man in his belonging to the world ; (3) the constitution of a pragmatic anthropology which, while unifying the foregoing topics, broadens them by integrating them into the perspective of the practical destination of man, upon whom falls the task of realising the conditions of his worldly existence as moral agent. In Husserl’s phenomenology, the concept of horizontal intentionality, developed in the phenomenology of perception, helps to explain the mode of apparition of the world as totality, at the end of a long run of thought which we try to reconstitute from the beginning. By contrast, the mode of being of the subject to whom the world as such appears is only programmatically examined in Husserl’s phenomenology. Our study seeks to give a prolongation to Husserl’s insights on this topic, in the direction of an environmental philosophy.
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Inventivité habitante et ingénierie territoriale : l’habitabilité à l’épreuve d’une enquête réalisée en bureau d'étude / Unlivable territories in the habitable territories : the arts of making of the inhabitants-converters to make the transition.Balocco, Adrien 04 October 2017 (has links)
Ce travail de doctorat analyse la question du traitement de l’inventivité habitante au sein d’un bureau d’étude. L’inventivité habitante se définit par les pratiques réalisées par des habitants et détournant des normes socio-spatiales. Elles sont des modifications incrémentales et fragmentées qui participent au processus d’habitabilité. Cette thèse a pour particularité de construire un dialogue entre le monde de l’action au sein d’un bureau d’étude en aménagement du territoire et les sciences territoriales. La problématique de la thèse fait d’ailleurs référence à cet enjeu. Elle questionne la manière dont l’ingénierie territoriale a la capacité d’améliorer l’habitabilité des territoires par l’inventivité habitante.L’auteur s’appuie sur un socle théorique pragmatique et interactionniste autour des questions de l’habiter et des contraintes spatiales. Il définit l’inventivité habitante à partir d’une critique des œuvres de Michel De Certeau, notamment L’invention du quotidien, de la notion de bricolage développée par Claude Lévi-Strauss ou encore la mètis des hellénistes Détienne et Vernant. Sur les terrains d’études du cabinet de conseil, l’auteur a recherché, observé et analysé les inventivités habitantes. La profusion des terrains d’études (Communauté de Communes de Miribel et du Plateau, Aurillac, le département du Gard, etc.) a permis d’observer une grande diversité de pratiques inventives. Après une analyse quantitative, l’auteur a proposé une inventivité habitante type : des habitants se constituent en groupe(s) afin de combler un manque à l’échelle de la rue, où ni internet ni l’action publique n’ont un rôle. Ces actions s’inscrivent dans le cadre de l’économie collaborative, durant un an ou une demi-journée. Cette inventivité détourne les normes socio-spatiales en vigueur sur le territoire.A partir d’une analyse fine de l’inventivité habitante, l’auteur a travaillé sur les relations existantes avec l’habitabilité et l’ingénierie territoriale. Il affirme que l’inventivité habitante améliore l’habitabilité. Par ce postulat, il a mis en avant le processus d’émancipation comme une condition de l’habitabilité. Toute une série d’actions publiques locales ont été analysées afin d’identifier les possibilités de l’ingénierie territoriale. Enfin, l’auteur invite au débat dans un dernier chapitre, où il propose des méthodes pour une ingénierie territoriale de l’habitabilité / This Phd work analyses inhabitant inventiveness question within a planning consultant office. The inhabitant inventiveness can be defined as inhabitants practices diverting socio-spatial norms,. They are incremental and fragmented modifications which participate in the habitability process. This thesis has for distinctive characteristic to develop a dialogue between the action’s world in a design office in town planning and territorial sciences. The thesis problem underlines the stakes of such a dialogue. It questions the way territorial engineering could have the capacity to improve habitability thanks to inhabitant inventiveness.The author’s work is based on theoretical, pragmatic and interactionist theories about dwelling and spatial pressure. He defines inhabitant inventiveness from a critic of Michel De Certeau’s work, especially L’invention du quotidien, from the notion of DIY elaborate by Claude Lévi-Strauss, and mètis of the Hellenists Détienne and Vernant. From the field studies of the design office he worked for, the author looked, observed and analyzed the inhabitants inventiveness. The field studies profusion (Communauté de Communes de Miribel et du Plateau, Aurillac, le département du Gard, etc.) lead to observing a diversity of inventiveness practices. After a quantitative analysis, the author generated a model of inhabitant inventiveness : inhabitants form a group to fill a void, a “lack of”, at street level, where neither internet nor public action has no role Actions take place within the scope of collaborative economy, for one year or one half-day. This inventiveness diverts socio-spatial norms.From an in-depth analysis of inhabitant inventiveness, the author worked on the relationship between habitability and territory engineering. He claims that inhabitant inventiveness improves habitability. Local public actions were analysed to identify how spatial and territorial engineering and planning could create or restrain possibilities. Finally, the author creates a controversy in the last chapter, where he proposes methods for territorial engineering of habitability.
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Arquitetura invisível: a “casificação” do espaço público pelo morador de ruaMatos, Marcos Olegário Pessoa Gondim De January 2006 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2006 / Trata-se de um estudo teórico-prático desenvolvido ao longo do curso de Mestrado em Artes visuais.A pesquisaestruturada em torno do envolvimento estético com comportamento do espaço público numa metrópole contemporânea, sem experiências cotidianas, intensidades e afetos levando-se em conta as movimentações do morador de rua e suas ações na esfera pública. Tendo como base conceitos Deleuzianos, o trabalho prático tenta trazer a tona uma arquitetura invisível e ambulante construída a partir das atividades do morador de rua num território/trajeto urbano, conflituoso e instável onde a instrumentalização efêmera destes espaços por parte deste personagem ainda revela uma fronteira extremamente frágil e volátil entre a esfera pública e a esfera privada. / Salvador
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A casa comunicativa e o habitante: o espaço doméstico e o uso dos meios de comunicação / The communicative house and the inhabitant: the domestic space and the use of mediaArtur Vasconcelos Cordeiro 22 April 2014 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar o espaço doméstico relacionado aos meios de comunicação e ao habitante contemporâneo. Inicialmente foi feito um breve histórico do rádio, televisão, telefone e computador destacando as influências no ambiente doméstico. Posteriormente foram investigadas características do habitante urbano considerando as novas formas de comunicação promovidas pelas redes digitais e o surgimento de novos grupos familiares. Por fim foi realizada uma pesquisa sobre a presença da televisão e computadores em apartamentos do município de São Paulo através de plantas de vendas veiculadas em anúncios publicitários de 1981 a 2010, averiguando os seus impactos e modos de atuação no espaço doméstico. Com base no que foi abordado são feitas interpretações sobre o habitar contemporâneo. Dessa forma, promove reflexões sobre a condição tecnológica da comunicação inserida no âmbito do espaço doméstico. / This work aims to investigate the domestic space related to media of communication and to the contemporary inhabitant. Initially is made a brief history of radio, television, telephone and computer highlighting the influences in the domestic environment. Then, characteristics of urban inhabitant were investigated considering the new forms of communication promoted by digital networks and the emergence of new family groups. Finally, it is carried a survey about the presence of television and computers in apartment\'s sales plan of São Paulo from 1981 to 2010, examining their impacts and influences in the domestic space. Based on what was discussed, it is developed interpretations of the contemporary dwelling. Thus, promotes reflection on the condition of communication technology embedded within the domestic space .
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Medborgardialog på Facebook : En fallstudie om kriskommunikation / A case study on municipal civil society dialogue in a crisis situation on FacebookHultin, Cecilia, Jansson, Jeanette, Karlsson, Jessica January 2018 (has links)
Krishantering idag har vidgats i och med sociala mediers uppkomst som medför både möjligheter och hot. Möjligheterna som finns är att det är lättare än någonsin att interagera med en stor målgrupp och skapa sömlösa relationer. Å andra sidan skapar det snabb spridning av information vilket kan vara ett hot för en organisation. Kommer falska påståenden ut om ett företag så kan det skapa missnöje men det kan också snabbt bli en sanning som orsakar skada för företaget/varumärket eller organisationen. Syftet med denna studie är att få en bättre inblick i hur kommunerna använder sig av kriskommunikation med dagens kommunikationsteknologi vid en pågående kris. Kris studien undersöker vattenläckor. Kommunikationsteknologin kommer i denna studie avgränsas till sociala medier, mer specifikt Facebook. De tre kommuner som har undersökts är Gävle, Lidingö och Motala kommun. De teoretiska utgångspunkter studien använder sig av är kriskommunikation och strategisk kommunikation. Metoderna som har använts för studien är två kvalitativa, varav en innehållsanalys och intervjuer. Intervjuerna gjordes med de tre kommunikationscheferna i kommunerna för att få en bättre insikt i kommunernas sätt att arbeta med kriskommunikation. Studiens undersökning kom fram till att kommunerna vill utveckla och använda sig mer av Facebook som en kommunikationskanal vid krissituationer för att nå invånarna i kommunen. / Crisis management today has expanded as to social media’s origination, bringing both opportunities and threats. The opportunities available are that it is easier than ever to interact with a large audience and to create seamless relations. However, threats can arise as it creates a rapid dissemination of information which can harm an organization. Moreover false statements being spread out about a company may cause dissatisfaction, additionally rumours can very fast become the truth that cause damage to the company/brand or the organisation. The purpose of this case study is to get a better insight into how three municipalities use their crisis communication with today's communication technology at hand. Communication technology will be defined in this study as social media, and more specifically Facebook. The three municipalities that have been investigated are Gävle, Lidingö and Motala municipality. The theoretical issues this paper is focusing on are crisis communication and strategic communication. Research within other areas is taken into account, as it is relevant for this study and its purpose. The empirical examination consists of a case study of how the three municipalities use their crisis communication. The methods used in this study are a quantitative content analysis of the three municipalities’ Facebook submissions regarding water leaks and a qualitative interview with the person being responsible for each municipality’s communication. The study found that the municipalities want to develop and use more of Facebook as a communication channel in crisis situations to reach residents of the municipality.
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De la terre à la ville, de la ville à la terre : engagement de l'habitant dans les agricultures urbains interstitielles de Metro Manila (Philippines) / From the city to the land : city-dwellers trajectory from the interstices of urban farming in Metro ManilaTichit, Julia 11 December 2017 (has links)
Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse des formes et des acteurs de l’agriculture urbaine interstitielle dans l’environnement urbain fragmenté, défavorisé et ultra-dense de Metro Manila aux Philippines. La recherche est consacrée à la problématique de l’engagement des familles et des habitants dans les différentes formes d’agriculture intra-urbaine et s’inscrit dans le champ de la Géographie Sociale qui se construit sur l’analyse des pratiques idéelles et matérielles des acteurs vis-à-vis de l’espace. L'échelle de l'habitant est saisie dans la dynamique familiale.L’analyse des dynamiques urbaines et des systèmes d’acteurs engagés permet d’introduire une typologie des formes interstitielles de l’agriculture urbaine dans l’espace métropolitain de Manila : une agriculture urbaine émergente hors-sol, portée par des acteurs organisationnels et des agricultures urbaines familiales de plein champ, spontanées et distinguées en fonction de leur inscription résiduelle ou résurgente dans les dynamiques métropolitaines.En postulant la dimension spatiale intrinsèque et oubliée de la notion d’engagement, la thèse propose une définition en situation, comme prisme d’analyse de l’habiter. La démarche fait émerger l’importance à considérer les pratiques, les objectifs et les projets des familles dans leur engagement en agriculture urbaine. La notion de tactique est mobilisée, en référence aux tactiques quotidiennes de détournement et envisage d’aller à l’encontre des déterminismes de la pauvreté et de restituer la capacité d’être acteur en tant que familles vulnérables. L’enjeu est d’identifier les tactiques d’engagement des familles dans l’agriculture urbaine à partir de leurs pratiques complexes de captation de ressources.Dans un contexte plutôt non-formel, où les ressources matérielles sont faibles, l’engagement des familles et des habitants dans l’agriculture urbaine s’appuie, sur la combinaison de tactiques socio-spatiales, économiques et politiques pour accéder à l’espace et aux autres ressources de l’existence. A partir d’une approche diachronique, les tactiques d’engagement en agriculture urbaine sont déclinées dans les parcours de vie au moment de l’installation de la famille en agriculture urbaine et pour vivre de l’agriculture urbaine dans la ville. L’engagement des familles dans l’agriculture urbaine se caractérise par un « mieux vivre » qui améliore leurs situations de pauvreté et leur qualité de vie, mais ne consolide pas leur Droit à la ville.La méthodologie est qualitative et mobilise une batterie d’outils anthropo-géographiques qui reposent sur un aller-retour entre le terrain et les données récoltées. L’enquête de terrain s’amorce par le repérage des usages agricoles de l’espace métropolitain sur vues aériennes et par l’identification de pratiques d’agriculture urbaine dans un corpus bibliographique dédié à Metro Manila. L’observation directe et l’observation participante sont mobilisées en phase exploratoire pour stabiliser les repérages et accéder aux familles en « terrain sensible ». Des entretiens compréhensifs inspirés du récit de vie sont recueillis par passages répétés avec plusieurs membres de la famille. Des entretiens semi-directifs sont conduits avec des acteurs publics et de la société civile. / This thesis analyzes interstitial urban agriculture through its forms and actors, in the fragmented city of Metro Manila in the Philippines, which is characterized by a wide disadvantaged population and an ultra-dense urban environment. The research problem is to understand the involvement of families and inhabitants in intra-urban agriculture, in the field of Social Geography, which aim is built on analyzing actors’ practices and representations toward the space. The inhabitant scale is seized within the family dynamic.Considering urban dynamics and systems of actors involved allows to introduce a typology of the interstitial forms of urban agriculture in Manila metropolitan area: an emerging aboveground farming carried by “organizational actors” and a spontaneous family open-field urban farming, which is distinguished according to its residual or resurgent position within the metropolitan dynamics.Postulating the intrinsic and forgotten spatial dimension of the notion of involvement, the thesis introduces a situational definition according to dwelling. The approach highlights the importance of considering the families practices, objectives and projects related to their involvement in urban agriculture. The notion of tactics is mobilized referencing to the daily diversionary practices and endeavors to counteract the poverty determinism emphasizing the capacity of being actor as vulnerable families.The challenge is to identify the involvement tactics of family in urban agriculture based on their complex practices to access resources. In a rather non-formal context, where material resources are scarce, the involvement of families and inhabitants in urban agriculture is based on a combination of socio-spatial, economic and political tactics to access the land and other everyday life resources.Using a diachronic approach, involvement tactics of families in urban agriculture are considered within their life pathways pointing both the settlement in urban agriculture as process and the everyday living through urban agriculture in the city. The involvement of families in urban agriculture means a better living, improving both their poverty situations and quality of life, but does not secure their Right to the city.The methodology is qualitative and mobilizes a battery of anthropo-geographic tools relying on round trip between the field and the data collected. The launch of the field survey identifies urban agriculture land use in the metropolitan area on aerial views and urban farming practices quoted in the bibliography. Direct observation and participatory observation are mobilized during the exploratory phase in order to stabilize the detection and to allow the field survey to reach families, living on “sensitive urban areas”. Then, comprehensive interviews inspired from life stories interview method are collected by repeated meeting with the members of the family. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with public and civil society actors.
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Optimalizace financování Žďáru nad Sázavou / Optimalization of Municipality FinancingŠtursová, Klára January 2012 (has links)
The goal of my dissertation, on the theme financing optimization, is to find out the needs of dwellers in town Žďár nad Sázavou. On the basis of my results I will suggest new financing solutions according to town budget expenditure. Partial target is to analyse income and expenditure budget of Žďár nad Sázavou and its fulfilment. My dissertation is divided into three parts theoretical, analytical and practical. The first part specifies crucial terms and principles related to studied points at issue. In the second part is analysed financial management for the past five years. In the last part are suggested solutions for separated activities in Žďár nad Sázavou according to questionnaire survey. Conclusion consists of synthesis and final summaries of detected information and deficits in financial management in Žďár nad Sázavou.
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Studie odkanalizování a likvidace odpadních vod obce Větřní / Study of sewerage and wastewater disposal municipality VětřníČervenková, Martina January 2016 (has links)
This thesis deals with possible options for solving drainage in the village Větřní - Frymburk st. and School st. and adjacent villages Lužná, Dolní Němče and Dobrné. The first part describes the current state of sanitation of Větřní and its adjacent area. It also includes assessment of the condition of the current sewer system in the village Větřní, which is connected with some newly proposed sewerages. The following chapter deals with the technical description of the possible variants of the drainage sites including economic evaluation. Then there is a recommendation of choices of variant and evaluation of overall investment and operating costs. In conclusion of the chapter there are summarized advantages and disadvantages of variants of drainage.
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