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The Great Appalachian Flood of 1977 was a historic flood that killed over 100 people, damaged nearly 1,500 homes, and displaced almost 30,000 Appalachian residents. The flood lasted from April 2nd to April 5th, 1977 affecting southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky, southern West Virginia, and eastern Tennessee. This project focuses on the disaster relief efforts by the incarcerated population of Wise County Correctional Facility, commonly known as Unit 18, in Wise, Virginia. This project utilized locally produced primary sources known as the Mountain Community Television interviews. These interviews were archived online through the Appalshop Archives in Whitesburg, Kentucky. The Mountain Community Television interviews used for this project were recorded three to four weeks following the early April flood in Wise by media activists and volunteers. The reporters interviewed incarcerated men from Unit 18, the administrative staff and correctional officers at Unit 18, local business owners, and residential community members of Wise. This article examines how the community of Wise, Virginia reacted to the disaster relief efforts in the community. The disaster relief work performed by Unit 18 inmates in the aftermath of the 1977 flood exemplifies a growing reliance on prison laborers in central Appalachia specifically, and rural America more generally. The majority of residential community members in Wise expressed NIMBY (Not in My Backyard) attitudes toward the prison facility and incarcerated population at Unit 18. On the other hand, local business owners who directly benefited from disaster relief work and prison labor changed their opinions about Unit 18 inmates. This project details how the April flood influenced local business owners to move from "Not In My Backyard" to an expanding reliance on incarcerated labor. Most of the Wise community retained NIMBY perceptions about Unit 18 and the incarcerated population after the April flood relief efforts excluding local business owners, a small but important sect of the Wise population. The article concludes by examining Unit 18 inmates' reflections on their labor, wages, and the rehabilitation programs at the Wise County Correctional Facility in the late 1970s. / Master of Arts / In 1977, a catastrophic flood impacted the central Appalachian region of the United States. This flood later became known as the "Great Appalachian Flood of 1977." The flood primarily affected small towns and rural communities in southwestern Virginia, eastern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, and southern West Virginia. Disaster relief efforts in the aftermath of the flood varied across the region causing regional activists to criticize the government's relief efforts. In Wise, Virginia imprisoned men from Wise Correctional Facility Unit 18 volunteered to help the local community in their time of need. This project pays direct attention to Wise, VA community members' changed or solidified opinions about the local prison population at Wise Correctional Unit 18. The writing examines how Unit 18 prisoners viewed their role in the Wise community, their labor and wages, and the different approaches to prisoner rehabilitation. This project uses primary sources from the Appalshop Archives labeled as the Mountain Community Television interviews. In the late 1970s, Mountain Community Television interviewers were a group of local activists and volunteers that circulated broadcasts in southwestern Virginia. The Mountain Community Television interviews were conducted in the following weeks after the Great Appalachian Flood in Wise,Virginia. The interviews describe how local business owners of Wise and Unit 18 correctional administrators worked closely to change the working relationship between the community and the inmates at Unit 18. The vast majority of community members of Wise did not change their opinions about the location of the prison or the population of Unit 18 despite prisoners volunteering to help the community in the aftermath of the flood. On the other hand, the imprisoned population at Unit 18 advocated for more inclusion in the community with an expansion of educational and rehabilitative programs at the correctional facility after. This research is important because it highlights how rural communities and small towns contribute to mass incarceration in the United States. The project can be used to explain how Wise, Virginia directly, and central Appalachia generally, became an important landscape for the U.S. prison regime before the end of the twentieth century.

Thesis (doctoral)--Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, 2002. / Includes registers of names of SS-Baubrigaden inmates, including those who died (p. 338-353); and names of SS tried for crimes (p. 357-363). Includes lists of SS-Baubrigaden and commandants (p. 335-337), and a list of memorials dealing with SS-Baubrigaden (p. 364-367). Includes bibliographical references (p. 377-399) and indexes.

The aim of this qualitative study is to investigate correctional officers’ perception of themeaning of manliness for inmates in a swedish high security prison, and how gender plays arole when working close to inmates. The study also explores how the officer’s own genderplays a role in their interactions with the inmates. Data from seven interviews withcorrectional officers has been analyzed using three concepts from different gender theories -the ‘hegemonic masculinity’ and ‘subordinated masculinity’ concepts by Connell(1995/2008), as well as the concept of ‘hypermasculinity’ by Toch (1998). The researchshows that correctional officers believe that a hypemasculine ideal is important amonginmates. The perception was that hegemonic qualities result in a higher status and position inthe prison’s hierarchical structure, while subordinated characteristics result in a lower rank.However, the meaning of manliness greatly varied depending on the situation and socialsettings. Officers adapted different strategies when dealing with the inmates’ expressions ofmanliness and the study demonstrates that an interaction between an inmate and acorrectional officer is influenced by the officer’s gender.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between female and male prison inmates using the Survey of Inmates of State and Federal Correctional Facilities, 1997. Variables examined included current offense, criminal history, drug use history, victimization history, program participation in the institution, disciplinary infractions in the institution, family history, and interaction with family while in prison. Results indicate that male inmates have worse criminal histories and longer sentences than female inmates. Female inmates have more extensive drug use histories, greater victimization histories, more program participation in the institution, and more criminality in their families of origin than do males. Moreover, males had more numerous disciplinary infractions in the institution and more serious infractions. Females had greater interaction with family while in prison than did males. Implications for future research and correctional practice are discussed.

The inmate population is increasing, aging and generally in poorer health than the non-incarcerated population. Providing healthcare to inmates is constitutionally mandated, and expensive. Little published research exists to assist corrections health policy makers strategically plan for future inmate healthcare needs. This research provides an extensive description of the healthcare utilization patterns of a sample of 577 male and female inmates incarcerated at state-operated prisons in Kentucky during the period January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2007 and who have at least one of the chronic conditions of diabetes, hypertension or hyperlipidemia. The primary outcome measures were a count of the number of encounters documented in the inmate‟s electronic health record by 1) medical doctors and advanced registered nurse practitioners (medical care utilization) and 2) psychiatrists and psychologists (mental healthcare utilization), and 3) a dichotomous variable indicating if the inmate had received care from a health provider located outside the prison. The explanatory variables included demographic variables, health status variables, health risk factors, sentence-related variables, facility characteristics, inmate to corrections and medical staff ratios and quality of care indicators. Differences in healthcare utilization between various groups of inmates were tested using Pearson‟s chi-squared test for categorical variables and Student t-test for continuous variables. In the bivariate analysis increasing age, being female, having comorbidities, having a diagnosis of mental illness, being obese, not adhering to diet, exercise and medications, refusing or missing treatment, being at a facility with more corrections or medical staff and having better quality of care were all associated with greater healthcare utilization. Negative binomial regression was used to analyze the count outcomes, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the dichotomous outcome. Regression analysis revealed that the number of problems an inmate had recorded in their electronic health record and increasing age were the two greatest predictors of within facility and secondary healthcare utilization. Carrying out case management and disease management for inmates with comorbidities may have benefits for Departments of Corrections and inmates.

This study was designed to determine the effectiveness of filial therapy with incarcerated mothers as a method of increasing empathic behaviors with their children, increasing attitudes of acceptance toward their children, and reducing stress related to parenting. Filial therapy, a method of training parents to respond and interact therapeutically with their children, focuses on enhancing the parent-child relationship. The sample population of 22 volunteer subjects was drawn from a pool of incarcerated mothers in the Denton County Jail who had children between three and ten years of age. The experimental group parents, consisting of 12 incarcerated mothers, received 2-hour filial therapy training sessions biweekly for five weeks and participated in biweekly 30-minute play sessions with one of their children. The control group parents, consisting of 10 incarcerated mothers, received no treatment during the five weeks. The three written self-report instruments completed for pretesting and posttesting purposes by both groups were The Porter Parental Acceptance Scale, The Parenting Stress Index, and The Filial Problem Checklist. The parents were also videotaped in play sessions with their child before and after training as a means of measuring change in empathic behavior. Analysis of Covariance revealed that incarcerated mothers in the experimental group had significant change in 9 of 13 hypotheses, including (a) a significant increase in their level of empathic interactions with their children, (b) a significant increase in their attitude of acceptance toward their children, and (c) a significant reduction in the number of reported problems with their children's behavior. This study supports filial therapy as an effective intervention for enhancing the parent-child relationship with incarcerated mothers and their children. Utilizing instruction and practical application of positive therapeutic methods, filial therapy training empowers parents by increasing their parenting knowledge and skills, and indirectly empowers children who experience the parent-child relationship with an increase in unconditional acceptance and positive regard.

Esta pesquisa tem como enfoque a Cadeia Pública e a Casa de Correção localizadas na cidade de São Paulo, durante a vigência do Código Criminal do Império (1830-1890). Primeiramente, procuramos analisar o impacto das formulações do código de 1830 na dinâmica da Cadeia Pública da Capital, outrora regida pelo Livro V das Ordenações Filipinas. Em seguida, observamos a concepção da Casa de Correção, sua difícil construção até a inauguração parcial na década de 1850, que se insere no contexto das transformações políticas ocorridas no período e parece responder à demanda de organização e reestruturação do Estado. Em seguida, ponderamos que as propostas de modernização dos aparelhos repressores, baseadas nos modelos europeus e norte-americanos de punição e correção, não puderam ser efetivamente organizadas, especialmente levando-se em conta o crescimento populacional e o alto custo para sua implementação em grande escala. Paralelamente, procuramos estudar o perfil da população carcerária das duas instituições, tendo como fio condutor os trabalhos e serviços realizados pelos presos. Assim, observamos como funcionavam as oficinas da Casa de Correção, os trabalhos públicos dos galés e os serviços dos africanos livres e dos escravos detidos no calabouço. Em seguida, na outra ponta, estudamos os guardas e empregados dos estabelecimentos, investigando quem eles eram e que tipo de relações estabeleceram com aqueles que vigiavam. / This study focuses on the jail and the Penitentiary located in the city of São Paulo while the Criminal Code of the Empire was in force (18301890). Firstly, we sought to assess the impact of the provisions of the 1830 Code on the dynamics of the Capital City Jail, previously ruled by the Civil Code of the Philippines Book V. After that, we analyzed the Penitentiary conception, the pitfalls of its construction works up to the partial opening in the 1850s, which are connected to the political changes that occurred along this period and seems to be an answer to the call for organization and restructuring of the State. Next, we considered that the proposals for modernization of the coercive apparatus based on European and North- American models of punishment and correction could not be effectively organized mainly due to the population growth and costly large scale implementation. In addition, we studied the prison population profile in both institutions based on the works and tasks performed by the inmates. Therefore, we observed the Penitentiarys workshops, the public work of the inmates and the work of free African people and slaves imprisoned in dungeon. Finally, we studied the guards and other employees of these prisons to find out who they were and the kind of relationship they developed with the inmates.

Este trabalho consiste numa tentativa de investigar as possibilidades e contradições em constituir a educação escolar enquanto um dos aspectos da operação penitenciária de transformação dos indivíduos punidos. Ponto de inflexão de uma trajetória profissional de dez anos, atuando no Programa de Educação do sistema penal do Estado de São Paulo, o trabalho procura sistematizar uma série de reflexões e questionamentos, cuja nítida orientação era a consolidação de uma proposta educativa própria, destinada à população carcerária. As prisões, suas normas, procedimentos e valores observam a absoluta primazia na dominação e no controle da massa encarcerada. Decorre que a manutenção da ordem e disciplina internas são transfiguradas no fim precípuo da organização penal. Os programas e atividades considerados reeducativos inserem-se nesta lógica de funcionamento, pautando suas ações e finalidades pela necessidade de subjugar os sujeitos punidos, adaptando-os ao sistema social da prisão. Contudo, a resistência prisioneira ao controle é patente. A educação, de forma alguma, permanece neutra nesse processo (embate) de subjugação e resistência. Seus pressupostos metodológicos e suas práticas cotidianas podem contribuir para a sedimentação da escola enquanto recurso ulterior de preservação e formação dos sujeitos, nos interstícios dos processos de dominação. A pesquisa procura delinear as possibilidades para que as prerrogativas da gestão penitenciária não irrompam as práticas educativas, prescrevendo suas ações. Por conseguinte, impõe-se a necessidade de inscrever o Programa de Educação de Adultos Presos aos seus congêneres no âmbito nacional, efetivando sua organização por preceitos mormente educacionais e não carcerários. / This work consists in an attempt to investigate the possibilities and contradictions when schooling education for transformation of the individuals punished is constituted as one of the aspects pertaining to the prison operation. As a point of deflection after a ten-year professional trajectory working for the Educational Program in the penal system of São Paulo State, this work intends to systematize several thoughts and questionings formerly oriented to consolidate an education proposal particularly driven to the population incarcerated. The prisons, its rules, procedures and values observe absolute primary attention to the domination and control of the mass incarcerated. Therefore, the maintenance of internal order and discipline is transfigured to the essential goal of the penal organization. The so-called re-educational programs and activities are inserted in this functional logic, having their actions and objectives based on the need of subjugating the people punished, by adapting them to the social system inside the prison. Nevertheless, prisoners resistance to the control is evident. By no means education is neutral in such a process (battle) of subjugation and resistance. Its methodological basis and daily practises can contribute to sediment school as a subsequent resource for the preservation and formation of individuals in the interstices of the domination processes. This research aims to draw possibilities so that the prerogatives of prison administration shall not invade the educational practice, ruling its actions. Therefore, theres need to introduce the Education Program for Adult Inmates along with its congenial programs in a national approach, with the view of effecting its organization on educational and not incarcerating basis.

This exploratory study examines the hypothesis that Socratic pedagogy is a useful tool for imparting critical thinking and moral reasoning skills to inmates. The study explores the effectiveness of a new curriculum, Introducing Socrates, which relies on Socratic pedagogy to achieve its objectives. The curriculum draws from the effective criminal justice research on cognitive education to determine its objectives, and then looks to the Platonic dialogues to find broad philosophical questions that tie into those objectives. The program also evaluates salient criticisms of Socratic pedagogy that are found in the educational and philosophical literature, and then isolates and evaluates constructs from these criticisms in the study.