Face à la complexité de leur environnement, les banques se voient à la fois bousculées et stimulées par les nouveaux entrants, et contraintes par le nouveau format réglementaire. Dans le secteur bancaire, la question de l’innovation, et plus encore son organisation et son pilotage, s’imposent ainsi comme des sujets majeurs de réflexion. Notre recherche doctorale se propose ainsi d’étudier le processus d’innovation d’une banque régionale de détail sous l’angle de la théorie des capacités dynamiques. Dans cette thèse, nous choisissons d’étudier cinq dispositifs organisationnels lancés à intervalles réguliers par une banque régionale de détail : le Crédit Agricole d’Aquitaine. Ces nouveaux dispositifs, internes et externes, ont pour objectif d’alimenter l’organisation-support en nouvelles connaissances. Nous proposons de lire ces pratiques au regard du modèle développé par Teece (2007) et de transposer les trois phases de son analyse (Sensing, Seizing, Transforming) au sein du cas étudié. Les résultats de cette thèse consistent, d’une part, à décrire une démarche naissante mais bien réelle d’innovation au sein de l’entité bancaire. D’autre part, nous recensons des difficultés de connexion entre ces dispositifs et l'organisation-support (diffusion des nouvelles connaissances, transformation des pratiques, évolution des comportements). Un autre intérêt de notre recherche est de démontrer la relative fragilité du modèle des capacités dynamiques de Teece (2007), celui-ci ne s’appliquant que partiellement au cas bancaire investigué. / Faced with the complexity of their environment, banks are both jostled and stimulated by new entrants, and constrained by the new regulatory format. In the banking sector, the question of innovation, and even more its organization and its management, are thus essential topics for reflection. Our doctoral research thus proposes to study the innovation process of a regional retail bank from the perspective of dynamic capacity theory. In this thesis, we choose to study five organizational initiatives launched at regular intervals by a regional retail bank: Crédit Agricole d'Aquitaine. These new devices, internal and external, aim to feed the support organization with new knowledge. We propose to read these practices in light of the model developed by Teece (2007) and to transpose the three phases of its analysis (Sensing, Seizing, Transforming) into the studied case. The results of this thesis consist, on the one hand, in describing a nascent but very real initiative of innovation within the banking entity. On the other hand, we identify difficulties of connection between these initiatives and the support organization (diffusion of new knowledge, transformation of practices, evolution of behaviors). Another interest of our research is to demonstrate the relative fragility of Teece's dynamic capacity model (2007), which only partially applies to the investigated banking case.

Le 1er Juin 2007 l’union européenne met en place REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation of Chemicals), un des règlements les plus ambitieux jamais mis en place au niveau européen. Cette réglementation introduit une nouvelle philosophie dans la manière de concevoir la protection environnementale et sanitaire. Selon le préambule du règlement, l’objectif de REACH consiste « à assurer un niveau élevé de protection de la santé humaine et de l’environnement, tout en améliorant la compétitivité et l’innovation ». Aussi, le règlement vise à concilier des enjeux à priori antagonistes, grâce aux innovations environnementales qu’il induirait. En ce sens, REACH apparaît comme un objet d’étude privilégié pour analyser les effets d’une réglementation environnementale sur les stratégies d’innovations des entreprises. Dans cette perspective, nous étudierons les mécanismes du règlement REACH qui sont susceptibles de favoriser le développement des innovations environnementales. A travers une étude empirique originale réalisée auprès des entreprises en région PACA, nous déterminerons, d’une part, les mécanismes qui favorisent de nouvelles opportunités technologiques et commerciales dans le domaine de l’environnement et de la santé, et, d’autre part, ceux qui stimulent une demande de qualité environnementale. Enfin nous analyserons l’influence des attributs de la réglementation REACH sur la dynamique technologique et industrielle à partir d’un modèle multi-Agent. Ce cadre de modélisation s’avère particulièrement pertinent pour tenir compte du caractère stochastique et complexe des processus qui gouvernent les stratégies d’innovations des agents soumis à la pression de la réglementation REACH. / On 1 June 2007 the European Union set up REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation of Chemicals), one of the most ambitious regulations. This regulation establishes a new philosophy of how to design environmental protection and health. According to the preamble to the Regulation, the objective of REACH is "to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment while enhancing competitiveness and innovation." REACH has been designed to balance environmental objectives with competitiveness aims, and has the scope to induce the adoption of eco-Innovation as a side effect of the regulation itself. For this reasons, REACH appears as a privileged object of study to analyse the effects of environmental regulation on the innovation. In this regard, we analyse the innovation-Friendly mechanisms of REACH to promote the development of environmental innovations. From an unique original survey on REACH regulation, we study, one the hand, mechanisms to promote new opportunities in the field of environment and health, and, the other hand, those that stimulate demand for environmental quality. Finally, we analyse the impact of the attributes of the REACH regulation on technological and industrial dynamics from an agent-Based model (ABM). The ABM provide a powerful tool for exploring such complex and stochastic systems as innovation, and allow modelling the behaviour of heterogeneous agents, technological diversity and the change in selection environment that result from policy measures.

Background: 20% of the world's population is responsible for about 80% of the life-cycle impacts of consumption and the per-capita footprint of developed countries is at least double than that of developing countries. This is why there is an urgent need for companies in industrialized countries to find more sustainable production methods and encourage sustainable consumption. Global sustainability trends drive innovation, which is why it is important to study how companies use, and can use, innovation to be more sustainable. Despite the will to work sustainably innovative, many SMEs today face resource constraints that hinder them from doing so - a problem that in part can be mitigated by open innovation. In Sweden today, however, open innovation is not widely used, especially not amongst SMEs. Purpose: This study aims at mapping how Swedish SMEs currently work with open innovation in order to promote innovative sustainability initiatives, and how they could do it. Methodology: This is a qualitative multiple case study in which seven cases have been studied and compared. The study is based on the hermeneutic philosophical standpoint, with an abductive approach. The empirical data consists of seven semi-structured interviews with representatives from seven different Swedish SMEs, from different industrial sectors. Conclusion: This study concludes that Swedish SMEs mainly work with inbound open innovation in the form of sourcing information from customers and/or suppliers. It is also found that outbound open innovation is used to a lesser extent among the studied SMEs. The study proposes that more cross-sectoral collaboration can be beneficial. Furthermore, it is established that clearer methods for, and more knowledge about, open innovation could increase the use of it, and thus the benefits of it.

Le cadre général de la thèse porte sur une démarche d’amélioration des suivis de projets dans les entreprises industrielles. Notre questionnement de recherche s’intéresse à la réponse que peut apporter une direction des Achats au cours de la phase de développement des produits nouveaux (DPN). La problématique s’inscrit dans l’obligation des entreprises à intégrer leurs fournisseurs dans les phases amont des DPN pour assurer leur pérennité. Nous avons orienté notre recherche suivant six axes principaux : le contexte et les enjeux des DPN, l’organisation en phase DPN, les ressources humaines (rôles et compétences d’un acheteur projets), la relation Achats/fournisseurs (problématiques de mise en oeuvre d’une démarche ESI (Early Supplier Involvement)) avec un focus particulier sur l’innovation et l’achat responsable, le processus des Achats pour suivre les DPN et l’axe prospectif (amélioration continue). L’ensemble de ces axes sont développés au cours des quatre parties du mémoire. La première partie aborde les problématiques contemporaines de l’industrie en termes de qualité, de capacité de production, de remise en cause permanente des organisations et, d’attentes des clients. Les impacts pour une direction des Achats sont alors étudiés. La deuxième partie présente la recherche bibliographique de l’état de l’art relatif à chacun des axes analysés. La troisième partie décrit la méthode de recherche retenue (DELPHI), la création d’un questionnaire d’entretien et la méthode d’analyse des données (le codage). Enfin la quatrième partie est exclusivement consacrée à l’analyse des entretiens réalisés auprès de 14 experts. Nous proposons alors 13 préconisations pour améliorer la performance d’une direction des Achats lors de la phase de développement des produits nouveaux. La mise en oeuvre de ces préconisations est détaillée au travers d’un guide pratique. La finalité de ce guide pratique est d’échanger sur les « best practice » des grands groupes, d’accompagner les PME dans ce changement et d’éclairer les fournisseurs sur la manière d’intégrer les cycles de développement de leurs clients. Au final, notre démarche cherche à contribuer à l’élargissement du cadre du métier des Achats bien au delà du stéréotype de la négociation commerciale pour permettre ainsi, l’amélioration de la compétitivité des entreprises. / The global subject of the thesis is in line with the continuous improvement method withinindustrial company. Our target is to analyse what would be the answer coming from thepurchasing organization to interface with New Project Development (NPD). Basically, toinsure their future industrial company must integrate their supplier base in NPD phases.Our study is based around six main axes : the context and the target of NPD, NPD globalorganization, human resources (project buyer tasks and competences), the relationshipbetween purchasing and suppliers inside Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) processesincluding a special focus on innovation and responsible approach, purchasing process tomanage NPD and finally future evolution (continuous improvement). Those axes are includedin four parts. The first part describes current issues in industrial industry in terms of quality,production capacity, permanent structure evolution, customer expectation and their impacton the purchasing organization. The second part shows the bibliographical research aboutthe state of the art and makes a deeper analysis of the first part topics. The third partpresents the research method chosen (DELPHI), how the questionnaire has been createdand the data collection and analysis processes (date code). Finally, the fourth part is fullydedicated to the 14 expert interview analysis. We introduce 13 recommendations to improvethe purchasing performance within the NPD. In order to implement those recommendationswe suggest to follow rules describe in a special guide. This guide is made to present a biggroup « best practice », also to give some guideline to the tier 2 suppliers in order to changetheir own organization and to better understand how their customers work in NPD. At theend, our thesis intends to enlarge the purchasing view within industry above the basic visionon company productivity support.

This thesis synthesises theoretical and empirical knowledge from four strands of the innovation literature and then uses this knowledge to develop a framework for analysing the determinants of innovation. The framework is tested on one part of the New Zealand economy - the biotechnology sector - an area of rapid technological change where innovation is of particular significance. Theoretical approaches to the economics of innovation and technological change are reviewed with particular reference to the neo-classical, endogenous growth, evolutionary and systems of innovation approaches. Alternative methods of measuring innovation output and innovation rate are also discussed. This is followed by a series of hypotheses regarding the determinants of innovation and a review of their place in the innovation literature. The thesis includes a detailed description of the New Zealand biotechnology sector based on a re-analysis of the first comprehensive (1998/99) survey of biotechnology in New Zealand, data from an original (2002) survey conducted by the author, data from interviews with senior management in a sample of biotechnology firms and a detailed review of secondary sources. This material is used in chapter 5 to address the question 'Does New Zealand have an innovation system for biotechnology?' Count data regression models and data from the 1998/99 and 2002 surveys are then used to test the framework's innovation hypotheses. Hypothesis testing focuses on the effects of several determinants (firm size, firm type, conduct of R, involvement in modern biotechnology, specialisation, and alliances) on innovation output and the innovation rate. Results relating to the effect of demand, technological opportunity and appropriability are also reported. The analysis in this thesis confirms the importance of most of the innovation determinants included in the framework. It also provides a detailed examination of the biotechnology sector and empirical insights into the innovation behaviour of biotech enterprises in New Zealand. Prior to the analysis in this thesis, knowledge of the sector's parameters was very limited or absent.

Reforms to the national research and research training system by the Commonwealth Government of Australia sought to effectively connect research conducted in universities to Australia's national innovation system. Research training has a key role in ensuring an adequate supply of highly skilled people for the national innovation system. During their studies, research students produce and disseminate a massive amount of new knowledge. Prior to this study, there was no research that examined the contribution of research training to Australia's national innovation system despite the existence of policy initiatives aiming to enhance this contribution. Given Australia's below average (but improving) innovation performance compared to other OECD countries, the inclusion of Finland and the United States provided further insights into the key research question. This study examined three obvious ways that research training contributes to the national innovation systems in the three countries: the international mobility and migration of research students and graduates, knowledge production and distribution by research students, and the impact of research training as advanced human capital formation on economic growth. Findings have informed the concept of a research training culture of innovation that aims to enhance the contribution of research training to Australia's national innovation system. Key features include internationally competitive research and research training environments; research training programs that equip students with economically-relevant knowledge and the capabilities required by employers operating in knowledge-based economies; attractive research careers in different sectors; a national commitment to R&D as indicated by high levels of gross and business R&D expenditure; high private and social rates of return from research training; and the horizontal coordination of key organisations that create policy for, and/or invest in research training.

Network management is a critical concept in innovation and technology transfer. Linkages among network members are fundamental in the innovation process which has been heralded for its contribution to wealth creation in economies increasingly characterized by both globalization and technological connectivity. Innovation networks involve relationships among members of governments, businesses and universities that collaborate continuously to achieve shared scientific goals. This study focuses on identifying the key management factors operating in such networks and on determining the process through which these lead to successful technology transfer. This is of increasing interest for many countries seeking to foster innovation, technology transfer and, in turn, international competitiveness. The study integrates the technology transfer and network research streams in order to provide a unique contribution towards understanding key network factors that are important in technology transfer. Extant technology transfer literature predominantly provides a perspective of a focal organization or, at best, that of inter-organisational relationships while its empirical investigation from a network perspective remains limited. In order to develop a more holistic network perspective, this study draws on the network literature and in particular that of the Industrial Marketing and Purchasing (IMP) group. Although neither a comprehensive network management theory nor suitable measures at the network level of analysis currently exist, the network literature is quickly evolving and has highlighted several concepts that contribute to achieving network outcomes, albeit in a conjectural fashion. Therefore, this study applies these concepts towards contributing to network management theory development in both the network and technology transfer fields. This study adopts a multi-method research approach. Qualitative exploratory research was necessary as concepts from the technology transfer and network management literatures were combined in a novel way. It was also essential in developing appropriate scales. Quantitative research then followed in order to test these scales by applying exploratory factor analysis and reliability testing. The developed scales were then employed to advance theory development, using confirmatory factor analysis via structural equation modelling. The study predominantly investigates networks within several industries that are relevant internationally and consistent with some of Australia’s national research priorities. Consequently, a pilot study was conducted in the wine industry to purify scales followed by full field work undertaken in the information and communications technology and biotechnology/nanotechnology industries. Common patterns that emerge within different industries strengthen theory development and lead to generalizations to other related industries while differences lead to industry-specific implications. A number of patterns were uncovered. Evidence was provided for the significant impact of power distribution, trust, coordination and harmony on achieving network outcomes in the ICT and the biotechnology/nanotechnology industries. While both communication and R&D efficiencies were deemed important in achieving network effectiveness, the specific relationships among these factors varied between industries. The study contributes to advancing theory on network management and offers practical management implications particularly for the industries under investigation. / http://proxy.library.adelaide.edu.au/login?url= http://library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1346750 / Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Business School, 2008

Cette HDR est dédiée à l'étude du management de l'innovation. Elle est orientée autour de trois axes : la complémentarité entre innovations technologique et organisationnelle, l'organisation de la propriété industrielle et une réflexion sur les méthodologies qualitatives en sciences de gestion.

<p>Denna studie syftar till att ta reda på vilka element som höjer det innovativa klimatet i företag och organisationer. Utifrån dessa element har författarna skapat kriterier som heter ”Soft innovation”. Visionen är att framtiden skulle kunna standardisera dessa kriterier. En abduktiv metod har använts. Metodvalet har motiverats med att kriterierna lättare accepteras om de är socialt konstruerade. Man kan påverka innovationsklimatet i företag, då det tar kortare tid än att förändra organisationskulturen. Dock antas att organisationsklimatet på sikt kan påverkar organisationskulturen. Kriterierna ska ses som vägledande riktlinjer för att stimulera ett innovativt klimat. Teori och empiri visade på många gemensamma faktorer som påverkar innovationsklimatet i företag. Resultatet av teori och empiri visade att de viktigaste faktorerna för att uppmuntra till kreativitet hos medarbetare var ett bra ledarskap, uppmuntran, belöning av kreativt beteende och misslyckande, projektgrupper som driver idén till verklighet och strukturer för hur kreativiteten ska hanteras.</p>

<p>Denna studie syftar till att ta reda på vilka element som höjer det innovativa klimatet i företag och organisationer. Utifrån dessa element har författarna skapat kriterier som heter ”Soft innovation”. Visionen är att framtiden skulle kunna standardisera dessa kriterier. En abduktiv metod har använts. Metodvalet har motiverats med att kriterierna lättare accepteras om de är socialt konstruerade. Man kan påverka innovationsklimatet i företag, då det tar kortare tid än att förändra organisationskulturen. Dock antas att organisationsklimatet på sikt kan påverkar organisationskulturen. Kriterierna ska ses som vägledande riktlinjer för att stimulera ett innovativt klimat. Teori och empiri visade på många gemensamma faktorer som påverkar innovationsklimatet i företag. Resultatet av teori och empiri visade att de viktigaste faktorerna för att uppmuntra till kreativitet hos medarbetare var ett bra ledarskap, uppmuntran, belöning av kreativt beteende och misslyckande, projektgrupper som driver idén till verklighet och strukturer för hur kreativiteten ska hanteras.</p>