The goal of improving student achievement is of paramount interest to all public schools. The focus of this research was to determine the difference between inquiry based teaching strategies and student achievement. Additionally, the researcher investigated the origin of inquiry based teaching knowledge and International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme (IBPYP) affiliation. IBPYP affiliation was studied due to the nature of the IBPYP as an inquiry based philosophy of teaching. The McGill Strategic Demands of Inquiry Questionnaire (MSDIQ) was used to determine teacher beliefs of inquiry based teaching strategies. Student achievement was measured using Florida Comprehensive Achievement Test 2.0 (FCAT 2.0) levels. Results from the MSDIQ indicated strong beliefs among participants of inquiry based teaching indicators within three domains: planning, enactment, and reflection. The researcher recommended further research into the origin of inquiry based teaching strategies knowledge to determine accurate professional development from districts that require inquiry based teaching strategies in evaluation systems. In addition, further research was recommended to determine the relationship between IBPYP affiliation and student achievement.

No description available.

John Deweys teori “learning by doing” synliggörs i svenska läroplaner, exempelvis för Naturvetenskapsprogrammet, där samspelet mellan teori och praktiskt arbete betonas i examensmålen. Laborationer och experiment bör utgöra en central del i kemiundervisningen. När eleverna får möjlighet att utföra laborationer går dessa oftast ut på att eleverna ska följa detaljerade instruktioner som både talar om vad och hur de ska göra samt vilket resultat de ska erhålla. Sådana slutna laborationer anses i mindre utsträckning utveckla elevernas förmåga att arbeta naturvetenskapligt. I syfte att utveckla det naturvetenskapliga arbetssättet kan laborationer öppnas upp med avseende på de olika parametrarna; problem, metod och resultat. Arbetet med öppna laborationer speglar i högre grad hur forskare arbetar jämfört med slutna vilket ger eleverna en inblick och förbereder dem inför arbete i forskningsmiljö. Examensarbetet ämnade utveckla en lärarhandledning för en laborationssekvens som inkluderar en förberelselektion, den öppna laborationen Mer äppeljuice och en efterföljande lektion, med det övergripande målet att bidra med ett exempel på hur en lärare kan arbeta med öppna laborationer i undervisningen. I syfte att utveckla en lärarhandledning för laborationssekvensen följde och utvärderade författarna hur en kemilärare på gymnasiet planerade och genomförde laborationssekvensen med sin klass i kursen Kemi 2. Detta utfördes genom att samla in data från intervjuer och observationer vilket skapade underlag för den tematiska analysen. Ur den erhållna datan framkom fem aspekter som var relevanta för att eleverna skulle erhålla de bästa förutsättningarna för en väl fungerande laborationssekvens; tid, upplägg, teoretiskt innehåll, gruppindelningar och kommunikation. De slutsatser som dras är att läraren planerade och anpassade upplägget utifrån de syften och mål som hen ville uppnå samt förutsättningarna i klassen. Det övergripande målet med laborationssekvensen Mer äppeljuice, som genomfördes av läraren, var att eleverna skulle utveckla sitt naturvetenskapliga arbetssätt och läraren utformade därmed ett upplägg som stimulerade och uppmuntrade eleverna att ta större eget ansvar. Det framkom bland annat att tiden var en viktig aspekt för att eleverna skulle hinna bearbeta och reflektera under arbetets gång. Dessutom hade kommunikationen mellan elever samt mellan lärare och elever en avgörande roll för att utveckla elevers tänkande. Utifrån den tematiska analysen utvecklades en lärarhandledning för laborationssekvensen Mer äppeljuice som därefter utvärderades i samtal med flera kemilärare. Lärarhandledningen innehöll utöver anpassningsbara riktlinjer och instruktioner för laborationssekvensens tre pass, bland annat information om vad som behöver göras och tänkas på inför respektive tillfälle samt gav lärarna en djupgående teorigenomgång. / John Dewey's theory “learning by doing” is made visible in Swedish curricula, for instance in the Natural Science programme, where the interaction between theory and practical work is emphasized in the degree objectives. Laborations and experiments should form a central part of chemistry teaching. When the students are given the opportunity to carry out laboration work, they are usually required to follow detailed instructions that explain both what and how they should work and also what results should be obtained. Such closed laborations are considered to have a lesser extent of developing the students' ability to work scientifically. In order to develop the natural science way of working, laborations can be opened up with respect to the various parameters; problem, method and result. The work with inquiry-based laborations, in comparison to closed laborations, better reflects how scientists work, which gives the students an insight and prepares them for work in a research environment. The thesis intended to develop a teacher's guide for a laboration sequence that includes a- preparatory lesson, the inquiry-based laboration More apple juice and a subsequent lesson. The goal of the teacher's guide was to contribute with an example of how teachers can work with inquiry-based laborations in teaching. In order to develop a teacher’s guide for th elaboration sequence, the authors followed and evaluated how a high school chemistry teacher carried out the laboration sequence with a class in the course Chemistry 2. This was done by collecting data from interviews and observations, which created a basis for the thematic analysis. From the data obtained, five aspects emerged that were relevant for the students to obtain the best conditions for a well-functioning laboration sequence; time, structure, theoretical content, groupings and communication. The conclusions that could be drawn were that the teacher planned and adapted the arrangement based on the aims, objectives and conditions in the class that the teacher wanted to achieve. The overarching goal of the laboration sequence More apple juice, that was conducted by the teacher, was for the students to develop their way of working according to the scientific method, thus the teacher designed an arrangement that stimulated and encouraged the students to take greater personal responsibility. Among other things, it emerged that the time was an important aspect for the students to have time to process and reflect during the course of the work. In addition, communication between the students and communication between teachers and students had a decisive role in developing students' thinking. Based on the thematic analysis conducted, a teacher's guide was developed for the laboration sequence More apple juice, which was then evaluated in conversations with several chemistry teachers. In addition to customizable guidelines and instructions for the three sessions of the laboration sequence, the teacher's guide contained, among other things, information about what needs to be done and thought about before each occasion and gave the teachers an in-depth theory review.

Researchers conceptually recommend inquiry-based learning as a necessary means to alleviate the problems of learning but this study has embarked on practical implementation of inquiry-based facilitation and learning in Euclidean Geometry. Inquiry-based learning is student-centred. Therefore, the teaching or monitoring of inquiry-based learning in this study is referred to as inquiry-based facilitation. The null hypothesis discarded in this study explains that there is no difference between inquiry-based facilitation and traditional axiomatic approach in teaching Euclidean Geometry, that is, H0: μinquiry-based facilitation = μtraditional axiomatic approach. This study emphasises a pragmatist view that constructivism is fundamental to realism, that is, inductive inquiry supplements deductive inquiry in teaching and learning. Participants in this study comprise schools in Tshwane North district that served as experimental group and Tshwane West district schools classified as comparison group. The two districts are in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. The total number of students who participated is 166, that is, 97 students in the experimental group and 69 students in the comparison group. Convenient sampling applied and three experimental and three comparison group schools were sampled. Embedded mixed-method methodology was employed. Quantitative and qualitative methodologies are integrated in collecting data; analysis and interpretation of data. Inquiry-based-facilitation occurred in experimental group when the facilitator probed asking students to research, weigh evidence, explore, share discoveries, allow students to display authentic knowledge and skills and guiding students to apply knowledge and skills to solve problems for the classroom and for the world out of the classroom. In response to inquiry-based facilitation, students engaged in cooperative learning, exploration, self-centred and self-regulated learning in order to acquire knowledge and skills. In the comparison group, teaching progressed as usual. Quantitative data revealed that on average, participant that received intervention through inquiry-based facilitation acquired inquiry-based learning skills and improved (M= -7.773, SE= 0.7146) than those who did not receive intervention (M= -0.221, SE = 0.4429). This difference (-7.547), 95% CI (-8.08, 5.69), was significant at t (10.88), p = 0.0001, p<0.05 and represented a large effect size of 0.55. The large effect size emphasises that inquiry-based facilitation contributed significantly towards improvement in inquiry-based learning and that the framework contributed by this study can be considered as a framework of inquiry-based facilitation in Euclidean Geometry. This study has shown that the traditional axiomatic approach promotes rote learning; passive, deductive and algorithmic learning that obstructs application of knowledge in problem-solving. Therefore, this study asserts that the application of Inquiry-based facilitation to implement inquiry-based learning promotes deeper, authentic, non-algorithmic, self-regulated learning that enhances problem-solving skills in Euclidean Geometry. / Mathematics Education / Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

This diploma work deals with the issues of inquiry methods of teaching at primary schools. The theoretical part provides some reflections on contributions and limits of inquiry methods and defines basic inquiry skills. Activities concerning the theme "seeds, fruit, young plants" for the pupils of the 1.-4.grade are suggested in the practical part. Nine of them were tried out in classes. The results of the action research are summarized in the conclusion. They are related to these research questions: 1. How to adjust inquiry activities in a suitable way for their use in the given classes at primary schools? 2. How do children react to this work style? 3. What demands does this work style make on teachers? 4. What problems concerning partial inquiry skills could emerge? How to continue working at them?

This qualitative case study was conducted to investigated whether selected 3rd-5th teachers in a Title 1 school increased their understanding as they described and used their pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) in writing aligned with the Common Core Anchor Standards 1-6. It also examined how the teachers collaborated to advance their knowledge in the area of ELs in the classroom. Qualitative data were collected in the form of 15 participant interviews and 15 Learning Team Meeting (LTM) observations. The data from the interviews and observations were used to investigate how participants implemented the Common Core Anchor Standards (CCAS) 1-6 in their classrooms. The data also sought to examine how the participants’ collaboration in LTMs contributed to the selected 3rd-5th grade teachers’ PCK with respect to CCAS 1-6 and support for their English language learners (EL). The findings indicated that participants recognized various EL instructional strategies embedded in the subject matter of writing. Further, the data indicated that the dual language participants collaborated as an effective means for delivering various EL instructional strategies. / Includes bibliography. / Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T17:30:03Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Adriane_Hirdes.pdf: 3848000 bytes, checksum: 348043b553a30ed8d618cbdbf91a99d3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-03-13T17:30:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Adriane_Hirdes.pdf: 3848000 bytes, checksum: 348043b553a30ed8d618cbdbf91a99d3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-13T17:30:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertacao_Adriane_Hirdes.pdf: 3848000 bytes, checksum: 348043b553a30ed8d618cbdbf91a99d3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24 / Este estudo se insere no âmbito do ensino superior de química por meio do laboratório investigativo com o uso de projetos abertos de equipamentos para aquisição automática de dados. O estudo tem como objetivo projetar, construir e avaliar um instrumento de medida de temperatura com aquisição automática de dados utilizando um transdutor do tipo termistor e sua aplicação em atividades experimentais investigativas de físicoquímica. O estudo teve como objetivos o projeto, desenvolvimento e avaliação de um termômetro eletrônico com termistor para aquisição automática de dados de temperatura em tempo real, e o seu uso em atividades práticas experimentais. O projeto do termômetro eletrônico incluiu um transdutor de temperatura do tipo termistor, um circuito de condicionamento de sinal, a plataforma Arduino e uma planilha para o Excel que permite apresentar os dados numéricos e atualizar a representação gráfica em tempo real da temperatura em função do tempo. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o termômetro construído apresentou erro de medição de 0,07 oC na faixa de -10 oC a 100 oC. Esse instrumento foi utilizado como recurso para viabilizar o planejamento e implementação de práticas experimentais investigativas de físico-química experimental. As atividades envolveram a determinação de entalpia de reação de decomposição do peróxido de hidrogênio e o levantamento da curva de resfriamento do ácido esteárico (atividade de termometria). A organização da atividade experimental de termometria seguiu o modelo de argumentação de Lawson, e foi elaborado em três momentos: predição, experimentação e verificação. Nessa atividade, o momento da experimentação seguiu o modelo de laboratório aberto. Os objetivos de aprendizagem das atividades foram organizados em níveis de cognição de acordo com a Taxonomia de Bloom revisada de Objetivos Educacionais. A implementação ocorreu com uma turma de acadêmicos de Físico-Química Experimental I no 1o semestre de 2015, nos meses de março e abril, de uma universidade pública do interior do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram guias de atividades práticas experimentais utilizados pelos participantes durante a implementação das atividades, um teste de conhecimentos de múltipla escolha e um teste de motivação para aprender, aplicados antes e após a implementação, e as observações da professora pesquisadora. O teste de conhecimento foi analisado avaliando sua fidedignidade e índices de dificuldade e discriminação de cada item. Testes de hipóteses não-paramétricos de Wilcoxon pareado unilateral indicam uma melhoria no desempenho dos participantes no teste de conhecimento (valor-p=0,009) e no teste de motivação para aprender (valor-p=0,006). A análise das respostas dos participantes aos guias de atividades envolveu a categorização dos itens dos guias em níveis de cognição proposto por Zoller. Itens com nível LOCS de desenvolvimento cognitivo foi contemplado por grande parte dos participantes, enquanto o nível HOCS, relacionado ao desenvolvimento de hipóteses, não foi atingido por qualquer participante. O protótipo do termômetro eletrônico com aquisição de dados e as atividades experimentais de termometria e calorimetria constituem produtos educacionais resultantes do presente estudo, e poderão ser utilizados e/ou modificados para atender às necessidades do planejamento didático do professor. / This study falls within the scope of undergraduate chemistry teaching through inquirybased laboratory using open projects of automatic data acquisition systems. This work studied a thermistor-based temperature-measuring instrument with automatic data acquisition and applications in investigative experimental activities in physical chemistry. The study aimed to the design, development and evaluation of an electronic thermometer with thermistor for automatic acquisition of temperature data in real time and its use in experimental practice activities. The project of the electronic thermometer includes a thermistor type temperature transducer, a signal conditioning circuit, an Arduino platform and an Excel spreadsheet for real-time data representation of temperature versus time data. The results indicate that the thermometer built has a measurement uncertainty of 0,07 °C in the range of -10 °C to 100 °C. This instrument was used as a resource to facilitate the planning and implementation of investigative experimental practices of experimental physical chemistry. The activities involved the determination of enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the cooling curve of stearic acid (thermometry activity). The organization of thermometry experimental activity followed the pattern of Lawson's argumentation, and was developed in three phases: prediction, experimentation and verification. The experimentation phase followed the open laboratory model. The learning objectives of the activities were organized in cognition levels in accordance with the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. The implementation took place with a group of Experimental Physical Chemistry I students in the first semester of 2015, in March and April, at a public university in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The data collection instruments were the guides for experimental practical activities used by the participants during the implementation of activities, a multiplechoice test of knowledge and a test for motivation to learn, applied before and after implementation, and the observations of teacher researcher. The knowledge test was analyzed evaluating their reliability and levels of difficulty and discrimination of each item. Non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank tests indicate an improvement in the performance of participants for knowledge test (p-value=0,009) and motivation to learn (pvalue = 0,006). The analyses of participants’ responses to activity guides were carried out categorizing items of the guides in cognitive levels proposed by Zoller. Items with cognitive development LOCS level was reached by most of the participants, while the HOCS level, related to the development of hypotheses, was not reached by any participant. The prototype of the electronic thermometer with data acquisition and the experimental activities of thermometry and calorimetry are educational products resulting from this study, and may be used and/or modified to meet the needs of the didactic planning of the chemistry teacher.

O ensino de ciências baseado em investigação nas séries iniciais do ensino fundamental tem sido recomendado por muitos educadores, pelas academias de ciências de todo mundo e também pela Academia Brasileira de Ciências, que desenvolve o programa ABC na Educação Científica Mão na Massa. Este estudo se insere na temática de formação de formadores e foi realizado em um dos polos do programa, a Estação Ciência da Universidade de São Paulo, no projeto Mão na Massa - Iniciação Científica no Ciclo I realizado em parceria entre a Estação Ciência e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Paulo (SME). O projeto teve como objetivo a implantação do ensino de ciências baseado em investigação em escolas municipais do fundamental I e envolveu dez Diretorias Regionais de Educação (DRE), cerca de oitenta escolas da SME e foi desenvolvido de 2006 a 2008. Consistiu na formação: de um formador de cada uma das Diretorias pela equipe da Estação Ciência, de um coordenador pedagógico de cada escola realizada pela Estação Ciência e pela DRE; dos professores do ensino fundamental I, que foi realizada pelos coordenadores pedagógicos na própria escola e dos alunos desses professores nas aulas de ciências. Acompanhamos e analisamos o grupo de formação continuada de formadores das Diretorias Regionais de Educação coordenado pela equipe da Estação Ciência. Realizamos pesquisa qualitativa com observação participativa dos encontros, entrevistas e análise de documentos, relatos e avaliações. A investigação e estudo da literatura mostraram que na formação continuada de formadores, está envolvida uma gama complexa de ações que requer diferentes saberes que são mobilizados durante o desenvolvimento de sequências didáticas formativas e favorecidas por estratégias que possibilitam interações dialógicas, dentre os quais destacamos: planejamento e desenvolvimento de situações de formação; conhecimento disciplinar em ciências; reflexão sobre a prática de formação e constituição de espaço coletivo e colaborativo. / Inquiry based science education for first years of schooling has been recommended by many educators, by Academies of Science of many countries, including Academia Brasileira de Ciências, which sponsors the programme ABC na Educação Científica Mão na Massa. This study of training of teacher trainers was undertaken in this program, in a joint project of the Municipal Authority for Education of the city of São Paulo with the science Center Estação Ciência of Universidade de São Paulo. The Project, Mão na Massa Iniciação Científica no Ciclo I, aimed at establishing inquiry based science education in aproximately eighty municipal elementary schools belonging to ten different Regional Education District, during the years 2006 to 2008. Training was offered by Estação Ciência to one teacher trainer in each Regional District and to a Pedagogical Coordinator of each participating school. These Pedagogical Coordinators also received training from the Regional District teacher trainer and were responsible for the training of teachers in their own school; the teachers then taught science in their classes. We followed the training work of the Estação Ciência team with the ten Regional District trainers, by qualitative research including observation and participation in meetings, interviews and examination of documents, reports and evaluations. Study of pertinent literature and the research showed that professional development for teacher trainers includes a series of complex actions which requires a variety of abilities and knowledge, which are used during training sequences and helped by strategies which favour dialogical interactions. We emphasize four of these: planning and development of training situations; understanding science concepts and practices; reflection about training practices; and establishment of an atmosphere of collective collaboration in the training group.

Notre travail porte sur le thème des connaissances professionnelles mobilisées par les enseignants pendant la préparation et lors de la mise en œuvre de leur enseignement. Notre étude se déroule dans le contexte de l’enseignement des sciences expérimentales. Nous y étudions les connaissances des enseignants et leurs évolutions. Notre approche théorique articule la didactique des sciences et la didactique professionnelle avec comme cadre d’analyse des connaissances des enseignants, le concept de PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge), les connaissances pédagogiques liées au contenu. Nous avons élaboré une méthodologie spécifique, associant le chercheur et des binômes de professeurs, afin notamment de saisir l’écart entre la préparation des enseignements et leur mise en œuvre. A partir de cet écart nous définissons des incidents critiques qui sont la base du corpus que nous analysons. Nous identifions les connaissances en jeu, et indiquons comment le concept de PCK s’articule avec celui de schème. Lorsque les enseignants traitent d’un sujet au moyen des démarches d’investigation, ils mobilisent des types de connaissances spécifiques, et mettent en place des pratiques différentes, selon qu'ils travaillent au premier ou second degré. Nous montrons qu’il y a une relation entre ces connaissances et la régulation rétroactive de l’activité qui permet à l’enseignant d’ajuster sa préparation. Nous modélisons une forme d’acquisition d’expérience. / Our work focuses on the theme of professional knowledge mobilized by teachers in their lesson preparations and implementation in class. Our study takes place in the context of the teaching of experimental sciences. We study the knowledge of teachers and the evolutions of this knowledge. Our theoretical approach articulates science education and professional didactics; it also retains, for the analysis of teachers' knowledge, the concept of PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge). We have developed a specific methodology, involving the researcher and teachers organized in pairs, to observe the gap between the preparation of lessons and their implementation. From this gap, we define critical incidents: they are the basis of the corpus that we analyzed. We identify the knowledge involved, and we indicate how the concept of PCK articulates with the concept of scheme. When teachers use inquiry-based science teaching (IBST), they mobilize specific knowledge and they implement different practices, depending on their work at primary or secondary school. We show that there is a relationship between knowledge and retroactive control that allows the teacher to adjust his/her preparation. We propose a theoretical model, for a form of acquisition of professional experience.

The Framework for K-12 Science Education, the foundation for the Next Generation Science Standards, identifies scientific explanation as one of the eight practices "essential for learning science." In order to design professional development to help teachers implement these new standards, we need to assess students' current skill level in explanation construction, characterize current teacher practice surrounding it, and identify best practices for supporting students in explanation construction. This multiple-case study investigated teacher practice in eight high school science inquiry units in the Portland metro area and the scientific explanations the students produced in their work samples. Teacher Instructional Portfolios (TIPs) were analyzed with a TIP rubric based on best practices in teaching science inquiry and a qualitative coding scheme. Written scientific explanations were analyzed with an explanation rubric and qualitative codes. Relationships between instructional practices and explanation quality were examined. The study found that students struggle to produce high quality explanations. They have the most difficulty including adequate reasoning with science content. Also, teachers need to be familiar with the components of explanation and use a variety of pedagogical techniques to support students' explanation construction. Finally, the topic of the science inquiry activity should be strongly connected to the content in the unit, and students need a firm grasp of the scientific theory or model on which their research questions are based to adequately explain their inquiry results.